Gaharu (pohon)

Gaharu
Status konservasi
	; Rentan (IUCN 2.3)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
(tanpa takson):	Angiosperms
(tanpa takson):	Eudicots
(tanpa takson):	Rosids
Ordo:	Malvales
Famili:	Thymelaeaceae
Genus:	Aquilaria
Spesies:	A. malaccensis
Nama binomial
	Aquilaria malaccensis; Lamk.
Sinonim
	A. agallocha,; A. secundaria,; A. malaccense,; Agalochum malaccense

Gaharu atau Aquilaria malaccensis adalah sejenis pohon anggota suku gaharu-gaharuan (Thymelaeaceae). Jenis ini dapat dijumpai di Banglades, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Filipina, Singapura, dan Thailand. Tumbuhan ini, karena nilai ekonominya, terancam punah karena rusaknya habitat.^[3]

Nilai ekonomi

Aquilaria malaccensis adalah sumber utama gaharu (agarwood)^[4], suatu produk rempah-rempah berbentuk kayu dengan resin beraroma wangi yang dipakai sebagai campuran parfum dan setanggi.^[1] Produksi resin ini unik karena harus dirangsang oleh infeksi kapang parasit dari kelompok Ascomycetes: Phaeoacremonium parasitica,^[5] yang berdinding sel gelap. Warna dinding sel ini bertanggung jawab terhadap warna hitam kayu gaharu yang terinfeksi.

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b ^c Broad, S. (1995) "Agarwood harvesting in Vietnam" TRAFFIC Bulletin 15:96
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Anonymous (November 2003) "Annex 2: Review of Significant Trade: Aquilaria malaccensis" Significant trade in plants: Implementation of Resolution Conf. 12.8: Progress with the Implementation of Species Reviews (CITES PC14 Doc.9.2.2) Fourteenth meeting of the Plants Committee, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Windhoek, Namibia
^ Barden, Angela (2000) Heart of the Matter: Agarwood Use and Trade and CITES Implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis [1] TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, ISBN 1-85850-177-6
^ Ng, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" Journal of Tropical Forest Products 2(2): pp. 272-285
^ sebelumnya Phialophora parasitica Crous, P. W. et al. (1996) "Phaeoacremonium gen. nov. associated with wilt and decline diseases of woody hosts and human infections." Mycologia 88(5): pp. 786–796

[Broad-1] Broad, S. (1995) "Agarwood harvesting in Vietnam" TRAFFIC Bulletin 15:96

[Anon2003-2] Anonymous (November 2003) "Annex 2: Review of Significant Trade: Aquilaria malaccensis" Significant trade in plants: Implementation of Resolution Conf. 12.8: Progress with the Implementation of Species Reviews (CITES PC14 Doc.9.2.2) Fourteenth meeting of the Plants Committee, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Windhoek, Namibia

[Barden-3] Barden, Angela (2000) Heart of the Matter: Agarwood Use and Trade and CITES Implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis [1] TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, ISBN 1-85850-177-6

[Ng-4] Ng, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" Journal of Tropical Forest Products 2(2): pp. 272-285

[5] sebelumnya Phialophora parasitica Crous, P. W. et al. (1996) "Phaeoacremonium gen. nov. associated with wilt and decline diseases of woody hosts and human infections." Mycologia 88(5): pp. 786–796

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Gaharu
Status konservasi
Rentan (IUCN 2.3)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
(tanpa takson):	Angiosperms
(tanpa takson):	Eudicots
(tanpa takson):	Rosids
Ordo:	Malvales
Famili:	Thymelaeaceae
Genus:	Aquilaria
Spesies:	A. malaccensis
Nama binomial
*Aquilaria malaccensis* Lamk.
Sinonim
A. agallocha^[1]^[2], A. secundaria^[1]^[2], A. malaccense^[2], Agalochum malaccense^[2]