Wikipedia

M-84

Revisi sejak 5 Oktober 2015 08.04 oleh Einarsumbayak54 (bicara | kontrib)

Tank M-84 adalah Tank milik Yugoslavia generasi ke-3 main battle tank, dan sebuah versi impor Yugoslavia dari Tank Uni Soviet T-72. Tank M-84 ini ada di Angkatan Bersenjata Serbia, Kuwait, Kroasia, Slovenia dan Bosnia dan Herzegovina.

M-84

Croatian Army M-84A4 tanks in Zagreb victory parade
Jenis Tank tempur utama
Negara asal Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia
Sejarah pemakaian
Masa penggunaan 1985 – sekarang
Pada perang Perang Teluk
Perang Yugoslavia
Sejarah produksi
Perancang Institut Teknik Militer Beograd
Tahun 1979 - 1983
Diproduksi 1984-1991 di Yugoslavia
1996-2003 di Kroasia
Jumlah produksi ~650
Spesifikasi
Berat 41.5 ton
Panjang 9.53 m
Lebar 3.57 m
Tinggi 2.19 m
Awak 3 (pemimpin, penembak, pengemudi)
Perisai Baja Lapis Tebal (M-84A).
Senjata
utama 		senjata 125 mm 2A46 smoothbore
Senjata
pelengkap 		7.62 mm senjata mesin, 12.7mm senjata anti pesawat, 5 peluncur granat asap
Jenis Mesin Mesin diesel V-46TK
Daya nya 1,000 hp (746 kW)
Daya kuda/ton 24.10 hp/ton
Suspensi torsion bar
Kapasitas tangki 1200 + 400l
Daya jelajah 700 km
Kecepatan 68 km/jam

Pengembangan dan Produksi

Tank M-84 berdasarkan dari Tank Uni Soviet T-72 tapi dengan beberapa modifikasi yang ditambahkan, termaksud sistem perjantaan dalam negeri, armor lapis baja yang ditebalkan, dan Mesin Disel baru bertenaga 1000 Tenaga Kuda. Tank M-84 ini mulai bertugas di Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia (TRY) pada awal tahun1984. Versi baru Tank M-84 ini baru masuk setahun kemudian.

ada sekitar 240 pabrik di Yugoslavia yang mana pabrik tersebut berpartisipasi dalam pembuatan Tank M-84, Pabrik tersebut adalah:

Versi terakhir Tank M-84 yang dikembangkan oleh Serbia adalah M-84AS, di perkenalkan di tahun 2004. menggunakan sistem persenjataan baru, Kontakt-5, ERA armor, 9M119 Svir anti-tank missiles, Agava-2 pengincar Panas, dan Shtora. hal tersebut sangat mirip dengan T-90 milik Russia, baik dalam kapibilitas dan penampilan.

ada sekitar 150 Tank M-84 di export menuju ke Kuwait, saat pecahnya Perang Yugoslavia export keluar negeri dihentikan tanpa sebab oleh pemerintah Serbia.

Varian

M-84 (Yugoslavia) - Versi Asli tank Uni Soviet T-72M di produksi antara 1984 dan 1987. lebih dari 150 di produksi.

  • M-84A (Yugoslavia) - Versi yang telah di perbaharaui sistem persenjataannya dan ketebalan baja yang dipertebal.
  • M-84AB (Yugoslavia) - Versi milik Kuwait M-84A. Angkatan Darat Kuwait sebenarnya memesan 200 tank tetapi yang dikirim hanya 150 tank karena pecahnya Perang Yugoslavia. tetapi tank yang telah dikirim terlibat pertempuran sengit melawan tentara Iraq.
  • M-84ABN (Yugoslavia) - The M-84AB telah di perbaharui sistem navigasi.
  • M-84ABK (Yugoslavia) - Tank untuk komandan.
  • M-84A4 Sniper (Kroasia) - Versi milik Kroasia yang dilengkapi dengan penglihatan malam.
  • M-84AI armored recovery vehicle (Yugoslavia and Poland) - Pembersih Ranjau.
  • M-84AS (Serbia) - Versi Upgrade terakhir Serbia.
  • M-84D (Kroatia) - Versi Upgrade terkhir Kroasia.

Sejarah Oprasional

Operasi Badai Pasir

 
sebuah Tank M-84 Milik Kuwait selama Perang Teluk.

Prior to the Gulf War, Kuwait ordered 170 M-84ABs, 15 M-84ABI ARVs and 15 M-84ABK command tanks, from Yugoslavia. Four M-84A tanks were delivered, however the Iraqi Army soon captured them after the occupation. Further deliveries were stopped for the duration of the war. The Kuwaiti 35th Al-Shaheed Armored Brigade was equipped with 70 M-84s. During the retaking of the country, the 35th Brigade did not directly take part in battles with Iraqi tanks because of the M-84s alikeliness to Iraqi T-72/Asad Babils. The M-84 was however very effective against T-62s and T-55s but some unconfirmed reports claim that a few of them were damaged, but recovered and repaired.

Yugoslav wars

Slovenia

During the Ten-Day War, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) attempted to regain control over border crossings, airports and other strategic positions in Slovenia. The Slovenian Territorial Defence had no armored units of its own and JNA M-84s were commonly used to break through barricades. The JNA lost some 20 M-84s to insurgent tactics. Slovenia inherited all the M-84s within its territory, once the ceasefire and Slovenia's independence was accepted.[butuh rujukan]

Croatia

The M-84 saw action in the Battle of Vukovar, where the JNA and Serbian forces deployed large columns of main battle tanks in urban areas without the adequate support of the infantry. Tanks and APCs found themselves extremely exposed and suffered significant losses mainly to RPGs. It was noted by anti tank crews that the M-84s were extremely durable in comparison to other vehicles fielded by the JNA. One account from a team in the Battle of Vukovar noted that a single M-84 took 5 rounds from various launchers and direction with a 6th only knocking out its engine forcing its crew to bail out(its main gun being destroyed by a "lucky" AT shot from an RPG-7).

Bosnia

During the Bosnian War, M-84s saw little action; the mainstay of all three warring parties was the T-55. At the beginning of war, JNA units located in Bosnia and Herzegovina had passed their equipment to the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). The VRS had several dozen M-84s with the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina managing to capture only three M-84s. A number of M-84 tanks were used during the Siege of Sarajevo, as well during smaller localized conflicts.

The number of M-84 tanks destroyed during the Bosnian war is unknown.

Operators

 
Map with M-84 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

  Bosnia
  • Bosnian Army is equipped with 16 M-84 MBTs. In 2008, at least 50 operational tanks were withdrawn from active service due to financial reasons.
  Croatia
 
A Croatian Army M-84A4
  • Croatian Army is equipped with 75 M-84A4 Sniper MBT`s. Awaiting further upgrades.
  Kuwait
 
Kuwaiti M-84AB
  • Kuwaiti Army is equipped with 149 M-84AB MBTs in M-84AB, M-84ABK and M-84ABN versions bought prior to Operation Desert Storm from Yugoslavia.
    • 35th Shahid (Martyr's) Armoured Brigade equipped with 70 M-84s.
  Serbia
  • The Serbian Army operates 212 M-84s and M-84A's.[1]
    • 15th Tank Battalion
    • 26th Tank Battalion
    • 36th Tank Battalion
    • 46th Tank Battalion
  Slovenia
 
Slovenian M-84
  • The Slovenian Army has 54 M-84 tanks in its fleet. Most of them were modernized to the M-84A4 Sniper standard but only 13 remain fully operational.
    • Tracked Combat Vehicles Centre equipped with 13 M-84 tanks.

Former operators

  Yugoslavia
  • The Yugoslav People's Army operated about 450 M-84s in M-84 and M-84A versions. The M-84 was intended to fully replace the T-34, M4 Sherman and M47 Patton tanks then held in storage as well as some of the older T-55 units. Most JNA tanks were passed to the successor state - FR Yugoslavia, while a number was also captured by Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia in the war.
    • 1st Armored Brigade of 14th Corps at Vrhnika.
    • 4th Armored Brigade of 10th Corps at Jastrebarsko.
    • 211th Armored Brigade of 21st Corps at Niš.
    • 252nd Armored Brigade of 37th Corps at Kraljevo
    • 329th Armored Brigade of 5th Corps at Banja Luka
    • 51st Armored Brigade of 24th Corps at Pančevo.
    • 243rd Armored Brigade of 41st Corps from Skopje.
    • 265th Armored Brigade of 32nd Corps at Varaždin.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska
  • The Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) operated about 65 M-84s. Since the VRS was integrated into the Armed Forces of Bosnia-Herzegovina the fate of the remaining M-84s is unknown.
Republic of Serbian Krajina

See also

Related developments
Designation sequence

T-72 - M-84 - Vihor - M-84D - M-95 Degman & M-84AS

References

  1. ^ ТЕНК М84 (in Serbian)
  2. ^ Centre for Southeast European Studies
 
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