Tak bernegara

Tak bernegara (bahasa Inggris:Statelessness) adalah istilah hukum mengenai hilangnya kewarganegaraan, atau absennya hubungan pengakuan antara individu dan suatu negara. Orang yang tak bernegara secara de jure terkadang merupakan orang yang "tidak dianggap sebagai seorang warga negara oleh suatu negara dibawah operasi hukumnya".^[1] Orang yang tak bernegara secara de facto adalah orang yang berada di luar negara dari kewarganegaraannya dan tidak jelas atau, untuk alasan-alasan valid, tidak mendapatkan perlindungan dari negara tersebut.^[2] Orang yang tak bernegara secara de facto dapat mengakibatkan penganiayaan atau berakibat pada retaknya hubungan diplomatik antara negara asalnya dan negara yang ditinggalinya.

Beberapa orang yang tak bernegara secara de jure juga merupakan pengungsi, meskipun tidak semua pencari suaka adalah orang yang tak bernegara secara de jure dan tidak semua orang yang tak bernegara secara de jure adalah pengungsi. Beberapa orang yang tak bernegara tidak pernah melintasi perbatasan internasional.^[3]

Referensi

^ "Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, article 1(1)".
^ "The Concept of Stateless Persons under International Law". UNHCR.
^ Hovy, Bela (2011). Bhabha, Jacqueline, ed. Human Rights and Citizenship: The Need for Better Data and What to Do about It. Children Without a State: A Global Human Rights Challenge. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press. hlm. 90. ISBN 9780262015271. Diakses tanggal 11 Agustys 2014. People who reside in their country of birth, have never crossed a border, but have never had their birth registered by the state—the effectively stateless, in Jacqueline Bhabha's terminology—also resemble refugees in their relative rightlessness.

Bacaan tambahan

Bronwen Manby, Struggles for Citizenship in Africa, 2009
Laura Bingham, Julia Harrington-Reddy and Sebastian Kohn, De Jure Statelessness in the Real World: Applying the Prato Summary Conclusions, 2011
Jay Milbrandt, Stateless, 2011
Open Society Foundations and Refugees International, Without Citizenship: Statelessness, Discrimination, and Repression in Kuwait, 2011
Nationality and Statelessness: a Handbook for Parliamentarians. High Commissioner for Refugees, Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2005
Stateless Palestinians
Report describing US contributions to the resettlement of stateless populations in 2007
Brad K. Blitz and Maureen Lynch. "Statelessness and the Benefits of Citizenship: A Comparative Study."
Somers, Margaret. 2008. Genealogies of Citizenship: Markets, Statelessness, and the Right to Have Rights. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-79394-0
Unravelling Anomaly. Detenation, Discrimination and the Protection Needs of the Stateless Persons. London: Equal Rights Trust, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9560717-3-6
Stateless: The World's Most Invisible People. Reuters AlertNet, 2011

Pranala luar

Hukum internasional: perjanjian dan hukum kasus
Intergovernmental organizations:
- UNHCR page on prevention and reduction of statelessness and protection of stateless persons – background information, tools and news From UNHCR website
- UNHCR Map (21 August 2006) Stateless Persons and Populations at Risk of Statelessness (PDF)
International NGOs
- Statelessness on the website of the Open Society Foundations
- Statelessness on the website of Refugees International
- Website of the International Observatory on Statelessness a clearinghouse for NGOs, academics, advocacy groups and policy-makers working on issues of statelessness
- World Service Authority The World Service Authority issues World Passports mainly to refugees and stateless persons; refugees in camps are entitled to free World Passports
- Website of the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
- Website of the European Network on Statelessness
Institusi Akademik
- Website of the Statelessness Programme, an initiative of Tilburg Law School (Netherlands) dedicated to research, training and outreach on statelessness and related issues
Negara-negara spesifik
- British nationality – provisions for reducing statelessness
- United States IRS Form 8898 (Renouncing citizenship).
Documentary Film on Stateless person
- Man without a nation-documentary film

[1] "Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, article 1(1)".

[2] "The Concept of Stateless Persons under International Law". UNHCR.

[3] Hovy, Bela (2011). Bhabha, Jacqueline, ed. Human Rights and Citizenship: The Need for Better Data and What to Do about It. Children Without a State: A Global Human Rights Challenge. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press. hlm. 90. ISBN 9780262015271. Diakses tanggal 11 Agustys 2014. People who reside in their country of birth, have never crossed a border, but have never had their birth registered by the state—the effectively stateless, in Jacqueline Bhabha's terminology—also resemble refugees in their relative rightlessness.

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