Orang Norman

Bangsa Norman (dalam bahasa Perancis: Normands; bahasa Latin Nortmanni; bahasa Jerman: Normannen) adalah suku bangsa^[1] yang merupakan keturunan penakluk Viking di wilayah Franka.^[2] Identitas mereka muncul pada awal pertengahan abad ke-10, dan pelan-pelan berkembang. Norman merupakan asal nama dari wilayah Normandia di Perancis utara.

Mereka memainkan peran politik, militer, dan budaya yang penting di Eropa abad pertengahan dan Timur Dekat. Mereka terkenal karena semangat peperangannya dan kesalehannya dalam menganut agama Kristen. Mereka menggunakan bahasa Romans di wilayah yang mereka duduki, dan dialeknya kini disebut bahasa Norman. Kadipaten Normandia, yang dibentuk berdasarkan traktat dengan Perancis, merupakan salah astu fief Perancis. Norman terkenal karena budayanya, seperti arsitektur Romanesque mereka yang unik, dan tradisi musiknya, dan juga pencapaian dan inovasi militernya. Petualang Norman mendirikan kerajaan di Sisilia dan Italia selatan, dan ekspedisi Norman atas nama William sang Penakluk berhasil menaklukan Inggris. Pengaruh Norman menyebar ke negara-negara Tentara Salib di Timur Dekat ketika Bohemond I mendirikan Kepangeranan Antiokhia, dan juga ke Skotlandia, Wales, dan Irlandia.

Referensi

^ The Normans are considered a people of mixed origins, not to be equalled to Vikings; see for instance H.M. Thomas, The English and the Normans: Ethnic Hostility, Assimilation, and Identity (2003), 38 ("Felice Lifshitz has shown ... what an important role the cult of Romanus played in the Viking reconfiguration of themselves as Christian Normans and in the merging of conquerors and conquered as one people."), and D. Crouch, The Normans: The History of a Dynasty (2002), 20 (remarking that by the 960s, the Normans were considered "no longer the 'Northmen of the Seine', but a people of a variety of descents gathered into one political unit within specific borders".)
^ "Norman". Encyclopædia Britannica.

Pranala luar

Dudo of St. Quentin's Gesta Normannorum, English translation
The Normans, a European People, by the European Commission
Breve Chronicon Northmannicum (Latin).
The Normans Jersey heritage trust
Wales History — The Norman Wars.
Patrick Kelly The Normans: their history, arms and tactics
Regia Anglorum Who were the Normans?

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[1] The Normans are considered a people of mixed origins, not to be equalled to Vikings; see for instance H.M. Thomas, The English and the Normans: Ethnic Hostility, Assimilation, and Identity (2003), 38 ("Felice Lifshitz has shown ... what an important role the cult of Romanus played in the Viking reconfiguration of themselves as Christian Normans and in the merging of conquerors and conquered as one people."), and D. Crouch, The Normans: The History of a Dynasty (2002), 20 (remarking that by the 960s, the Normans were considered "no longer the 'Northmen of the Seine', but a people of a variety of descents gathered into one political unit within specific borders".)

[2] "Norman". Encyclopædia Britannica.

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