Kemitraan Trans-Pasifik
Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Strategis Trans-Pasifik (TPSEP atau P4) adalah perjanjian dagang[7] antara Brunei, Chili, Selandia Baru, dan Singapura. Tujuannya adalah mendorong liberalisasi negara-negara di kawasan Asia-Pasifik.[8]
 Para pemimpin negara anggota dan calon anggota TPP di pertemuan TPP tahun 2010. | |
| Jenis | Perjanjian dagang |
|---|---|
| Dirancang | 3 Juni 2005[1][2] |
| Ditandatangani | 18 July 2005[3][4][5] |
| Lokasi | Wellington, Selandia Baru |
| Efektif | 28 Mei 2006 (Selandia Baru dan Singapura); 12 Juli 2006 (Brunei); 8 November 2006 (Chili)[6] |
| Syarat | 2 ratifikasi |
| Pihak | 4 (Brunei, Chili, Singapura, dan Selandia Baru) |
| Penyimpan | Pemerintah Selandia Baru |
| Bahasa | Inggris dan Spanyol; Inggris dipakai jika ada konflik |
Sejak 2010, negosiasi dilakukan[9] untuk merumuskan Kemitraan Trans-Pasifik (TPP) yang merupakan perluasan dari TPSEP. TPP adalah rencana perjanjian dagang yang dirundingkan oleh Australia, Brunei, Chili, Kanada, Jepang, Malaysia, Meksiko, Selandia Baru, Peru, Singapura, Amerika Serikat, dan Vietnam hingga Agustus 2013[update].[10]
TPP sengaja digambarkan sebagai perjanjian "berstandar tinggi" yang diarahkan untuk menangani masalah perdagangan abad ke-21.[11] Negosiasi yang berlangsung dihujani kritik dan protes dari masyarakat, aktivis, dan pejabat, dikarenakan sifatnya yang rahasia, luasnya cakupan perjanjian, dan klausul kontroversial dalam rancangan perjanjian yang bocor ke publik.
Pada tanggal 13 November, rancangan bab Hak Properti Intelektual dalama perjanjian ini dibocorkan oleh WikiLeaks.[12]
Referensi
- ^ "Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore conclude negotiations on a Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement" (Siaran pers). Joint Press Statement from Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore Ministers. 3 June 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-09-07. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-15.
Brunei Darussalam Ambassador-at-Large Princess Masna, Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr Ignacio Walker, New Zealand Minister for Trade Negotiations Hon Jim Sutton, and Singapore Minister for Trade and Industry Mr Lim Hng Kiang today announced the successful conclusion of negotiations for a Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (Trans-Pacific SEP).... The Ministers will recommend the results of the negotiations to their respective governments for signature.
- ^ "Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore reach trans-Pacific FTA". The Manila Bulletin. Reuters. 3 June 2005. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-15.
- ^ "Second free trade agreement to be signed by NZ this year" (Siaran pers). New Zealand Government. 18 July 2005.
The first multi-party free trade agreement spanning the Pacific and Asia was signed today in a ceremony at Parliament, announced Prime Minister Helen Clark.
- ^ "Treaties for which NZ is Depositary: Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPSEP or P4)". Diakses tanggal 2012-12-15.
- ^ "FTA signed: NZ, Chile, Singapore and Brunei to end tariffs". The National Business Review. 19 July 2005. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-15.
- ^ "Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement: Understanding the P4 – The original P4 agreement". Diakses tanggal 2012-12-15.
Perjanjian ini sementara diberlakukan (antara Selandia Baru dan Singapura saja) pada 1 Mei dan secara resmi diberlakukan tanggal 28 Mei. Perjanjian ini berlaku untuk Brunei tanggal 12 Juli 2006 dan Chili tanggal 8 November 2006.
- ^ Weisbrot, Mark (19 November 2013). "The Trans-Pacific Partnership treaty is the complete opposite of 'free trade' ". theguardian.com. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2013.
- ^ "Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement" (PDF). 2005. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2012.
- ^ "On-going Negotiations at a Glance: TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership)". Singapore Government. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-15.
Formal negotiations started in March 2010, and there has been 10 rounds of negotiations as of January 2012.
- ^ Michael, Gabriel (18 November 2013). "The United States is isolated in the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations". The Monkey Cage. washingtonpost.com. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2013.
- ^ "The US and the TPP". USTR. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2012.
- ^ "Secret Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)". WikiLeaks. 13 November 2013. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2013.
Pranala luar
- Public Citizen information resource on the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations
- Text of Original Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
- The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement – Congressional Research Service report for Congress
- United States – New Zealand Council – TPP Resources
- Letters from Ambassador Kirk announcing President Obama's intention to enter into TPP negotiations
- Office of the United States Trade Representative TPP Website
- New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade TPP Website
- Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry Overview of Trans-Pacific SEP
- Trans-Pacific Partnership Leaders Statement September 9, 2012
- No Jobs from Trade Pacts: The Trans-Pacific Partnership Could Be Much Worse than the Over-Hyped Korea Deal. Economic Policy Institute. July 18, 2013
- Gains from Trade? The Net Effect of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement on U.S. Wages. Center for Economic and Policy Research. September 2013
- "A Corporate Trojan Horse": Obama Pushes Secretive TPP Trade Pact, Would Rewrite Swath of U.S. Laws. Democracy Now! October 4, 2013.
- Wikileaks Exposes the TPP as a Capitulation to Corporate Interests. The Real News. November 15, 2013.