Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016
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Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat, Selasa, 8 November 2016, adalah pemilihan presiden A.S. yang diselenggarakan untuk ke-58 kalinya. Calon dari Partai Republik, Donald Trump, mengalahkan calon dari Partai Demokrat, Hillary Clinton. Trump akan dilantik sebagai presiden ke-45 pada tanggal 20 Januari 2017. Pasangannya, Gubernur Indiana, Mike Pence, akan dilantik sebagai Wakil Presiden ke-48.
Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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8 November 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
538 anggota Electoral College 270 elektoral untuk menang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jajak pendapat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kandidat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Peta persebaran suara
Peta hasil pemilihan presiden.Merah didominasi Trump/Pence, Biru didominasi Clinton/Kaine. Angka menunjukkan suara elektoral yang dipegang pemenang di tiap negara bagian. Para elektor akan memilih pada tanggal 19 Desember 2016.
* 3 suara elektoral Maine untuk Clinton/Kaine sedangkan 1 suara elektoral sisanya untuk Trump/Pence. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Pemilihan Umum Presiden A.S. 2016 |
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Partai Demokrat |
Partai Republik |
Partai ketiga |
Pemilihan presiden tahun 2016 adalah pemilu kelima dalam sejarah Amerika Serikat yang pemenangnya gagal mendominasi suara rakyat (setelah tahun 1824, 1876, 1888, dan 2000).
Pemilik hak suara (rakyat) memilih elektor presiden. Elektor presiden akan menggunakan hak suaranya untuk memilih presiden dan wakil presiden berdasarkan hasil di daerah pemilihannya. Para elektor presiden ini dikenal dengan istilah Electoral College. Batas masa jabatan menurut Amendemen ke-22 Konstitusi Amerika Serikat mencegah presiden petahana, Barack Obama dari Partai Demokrat, terpilih lagi untuk masa jabatan ketiga.
Rangkaian pemilihan pendahuluan dan kaukus presiden dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2016 di 50 negara bagian, Distrik Columbia, dan wilayah administratif Amerika Serikat lainnya. Proses pencalonan ini merupakan pemilihan tak langsung. Pemilik hak suara memilih delegasi yang akan mewakili mereka di konvensi pencalonan. Para delegasi akan memilih calon presiden dari partainya.
Pebisnis dan tokoh televisi Donald Trump menjadi calon presiden dari Partai Republik pada tanggal 19 Juli 2016 setelah mengalahkan Senator A.S. Ted Cruz dari Texas, Gubernur Ohio John Kasich, Senator A.S. Marco Rubio dari Florida dan calon-calon lain pada pemilihan pendahuluan Republik.[3] Mantan Menteri Luar Negeri dan Senator A.S. dari New York Hillary Clinton menjadi calon presiden dari Partai Demokrat pada tanggal 26 Juli 2016 setelah mengalahkan Senator A.S. Bernie Sanders dari Vermont. Clinton digadang-gadang menjadi presiden perempuan pertama Amerika Serikat.[4]
Berbagai calon presiden partai ketiga dan independen juga ikut dalam pemilihan umum ini. Calon Partai Libertarian dna mantan Gubernur New Mexico Gary Johnson memiliki akses surat suara di 50 negara bagian dan Washington D.C. mewakili 538 suara elektoral.[5] Calon Partai Hijau dan mantan dokter Jill Stein memiliki akses surat suara di 44 negara bagian dan Washington D.C., mwakili 480 suara elektoral. Johnson dan Stein (sama-sama menjadi calon presiden dari partainya pada pemilu 2012) muncul di jajak pendapat nasional.[6][7] Sedikitnya 24 calon partai ketiga dan independen terdaftar di surat suara di beberapa negara bagian atau menjadi calon tertulis. Calon independen dan mantan Kepala Direktur Kebijakan Konferensi Republik Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Evan McMullin menempati peringkat atas salah satu jajak pendapat di negara bagian Utah. Tidak ada calon partai ketiga atau independen yang mendominasi sebuah negara bagian pada pemilihan presiden tahun 2016 maupun pemilihan presiden apapun sejak tahun 1968.
Pada tanggal 9 November 2016, pukul 03:00 EST (15:00 WIB), Donald Trump memegang 270 dari 538 suara elektoral dan otomatis menjadi presiden terpilih Amerika Serikat.[8][9]
Pada usia 70 tahun, Trump menjadi orang tertua yang terpilih menjadi presiden untuk pertama kalinya, melampaui Ronald Regan yang memenangi pemilu tahun 1980 pada usia 69. Trump akan menjadi presiden kelima yang lahir di negara bagian New York setelah Martin Van Buren, Millard Fillmore, Theodore Roosevelt, dan Franklin D. Roosevelt; dan presiden kedua yang lahir di New York City setelah Theodore Roosevelt. Trump juga akan menjadi presiden keempat yang negara bagian tempat tinggalnya memilih calon lain setelah James K. Polk tahun 1844, Woodrow Wilson tahun 1916, dan Richard Nixon tahun 1968.
Partai Demokrat
Calon
Partai Demokrat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hillary Clinton | Tim Kaine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Calon presiden | Calon wakil presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ke-67 (2009–2013) |
Senat Amerika Serikat dari Virginia (2013–sekarang) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Slogan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[10][11][12] |
Partai Republik
Calon
Partai Republik | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Donald Trump | Mike Pence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Calon presiden | Calon wakil presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ketua The Trump Organization (1971–sekarang) |
Gubernur Indiana ke-50 (2013–sekarang) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Slogan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[13][14][15] |
Partai ketiga dan independen utama
Partai-partai di subbagian ini mendapat lebih dari 100 ribu suara di tingkat nasional dan satu persen suara di sedikitnya satu negara bagian.
Partai Libertarian
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Gubernur New Mexico |
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Jaksa A.S. untuk Massachusetts
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- Dukungan Partai Tambahan: Partai Kemerdekaan New York
Partai ini memiliki akses surat suara ke 538 suara elektoral.
Calon
Calon Partai Libertarian 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gary Johnson | William Weld | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ke-29 Gubernur New Mexico (1995–2003) |
ke-68 Gubernur Massachusetts (1991–1997) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kampanye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partai Hijau
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Partai Politik |
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Akses surat suara dengan jatah 480 suara elektoral (522 ditambah tulis sendiri):[18]
- Tulis sendiri: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina[19][20]
- Akses surat suara menunggu putusan pengadilan: Oklahoma[21]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: Nevada, South Dakota[19][22]
Calon
Calon Partai Hijau 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jill Stein | Ajamu Baraka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dokter dari Lexington, Massachusetts |
Aktivis dari Washington, D.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kampanye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[23][24] |
Pencalonan Evan McMullin
- Dukungan Partai Lain: Partai Kemerdekaan Minnesota
Akses surat suara dengan jatah 84 suara elektoral (451 ditambah tulis sendiri):[25]
- Tulis sendiri: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming
Nathan Johnson terdaftar di surat suara sebagai pendamping Evan McMullin sebagai nama pengganti Mindy Finn.
Calon independen 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Evan McMullin | Mindy Finn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kepala direktur kebijakan Konferensi Republik Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (2015–2016)[32] |
Presiden Empowered Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kampanye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[32] |
Partai Konstitusi
Partai ini memiliki akses surat suara dengan jatah 207 suara elektoral (451 ditambah tulis sendiri):[33][34]
- Tulis sendiri: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia[33][35][36][37][38]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma[33]
Calon
Calon Partai Konstitusi 2016 | |
Darrell Castle | Scott Bradley |
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden |
Jaksa dari Memphis, Tennessee |
Pebisnis dari Utah |
Kampanye | |
[39] |
Calon ternama lain
Pencalonan Rocky De La Fuente
- Dukungan Partai Lain: Partai Reformasi
Partai ini memiliki akses surat suara dengan jatah 147 suara elektoral (305 ditambah tulis sendiri):[34][40][41][42][43][44][45]
- Tulis sendiri: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia[35][37][38][26][27][28][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]
- Akses surat suara menunggu putusan pengadilan: Alabama, California, Georgia, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: Arkansas, California, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas
Calon
Calon Partai Delta Amerika Serikat dan Partai Reformasi 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rocky De La Fuente | Michael Steinberg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pebisnis dari California |
Pengacara dari Florida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kampanye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[64][65] |
Pencalonan Laurence Kotlikoff
Partai ini memiliki akses surat suara dengan jatah 17 suara elektoral (428 ditambah tulis sendiri):
- Masuk surat suara: Colorado, Louisiana[66]
- Tulis sendiri: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[35][26][27][46][67][68][69][70][71][37][47][72][73][74][75][29][76][31][77][38][78][48][79][80][81][49][50][82]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: Arkansas, DC, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming
Calon independen 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Laurence Kotlikoff | Edward E. Leamer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dosen ekonomi di Universitas Boston |
Dosen ekonomi di UCLA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kampanye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partai Amerika Serikat
Partai ini memiliki akses surat suara dengan jatah 17 suara elektoral (369 ditambah tulis sendiri):
- Masuk surat suara: Colorado, Louisiana[66][83]
- Tulis sendiri: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[35][36][37][28][29][38][30][46][67][70][71][47][72][75][76][77][78][48][79][80][51][81][50][82][52][84]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming
Calon
Calon Partai Amerika Serikat 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tom Hoefling | Steve Schulin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presiden | Wakil Presiden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aktivis dari Iowa |
dari South Carolina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kampanye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[85] |
Partai Solidaritas Amerika Serikat
Partai ini memiliki akses surat suara dengan jatah 9 suara elektoral (332 ditambah tulis sendiri):
- Masuk surat suara: Colorado[86]
- Tulis sendiri: Alabama, Alaska, California, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin[46][67][26][36][70][87][72][37][75][76][52][30][88][78][89][80][38][90][84][82]
- Tidak masuk surat suara: Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, Wyoming
Calon
Calon Partai Solidaritas Amerika Serikat 2016 | |
Mike Maturen | Juan Muñoz |
Presiden | Wakil Presiden |
Berkas:2016 Presidential Candidate Michael Maturen.png | |
Wiraniaga dari Michigan |
Pebisnis dari Texas |
Kampanye | |
Calon partai ketiga dan independen lainnya
Partai dan calon di subbagian ini telah memperoleh akses surat suara di satu negara bagian atau lebih, namun jumlahnya belum cukup untuk mendapat jatah minimal suara elektoral agar bisa memenangi pemilihan umum. Selain yang ditandai, para calon di subbagian ini dicalonkan oleh partai kecil atau mencalonkan diri secara independen.
Partai | Calon presiden | Calon wakil presiden | Elektor (tulis sendiri) |
Negara bagian dengan akses surat suara (tulis sendiri) |
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Partai Sosialisme dan Pembebasan |
Gloria La Riva Penerbit surat kabar dan aktivis dari California |
Eugene Puryear Aktivis dari Washington, D.C. |
112 (226) peta |
California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington[66][68] (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia)[37][30][46][48][50][51][27][93] |
Partai Pekerja Sosialis | Alyson Kennedy Penambang dan pemimpin serikat pekerja dari Illinois |
Osborne Hart dari Pennsylvania |
70 (123) peta |
Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, Washington[66] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Partai Dunia Pekerja | Monica Moorehead calon abadi dan aktivis politik dari Alabama[94] |
Lamont Lilly dari North Carolina[95] |
30 (235) peta |
New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin[66] (Alabama, Indiana, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New, York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)[30][46][70][47][74][75][77][78][80][50][84][93] |
Partai Sosialis Amerika Serikat |
Mimi Soltysik mantan ketua nasional Partai Sosialis Amerika Serikat dari California[97] Campaign |
Angela Nicole Walker dari Wisconsin |
25 (199) peta |
Colorado, Michigan, Guam[66][68][98] (Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont)[37][30][46][47][76][77][48][80][81] |
Partai Prohibisi | James Hedges mantan pegawai dinas pajak di Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania[99][100] |
Bill Bayes dari Mississippi[99] |
21 (116) peta |
Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[66] (Alabama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)[37][46][70][77][48][50][93] |
Independen | Mike Smith pengacara dari Colorado |
Daniel White | 20 (222) |
Colorado, Tennessee[66] (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. West Virginia)[35][37][46][67][70][72][76][77][78][48][81][50][51][84][38][27][93] |
Independen | Richard Duncan dari Ohio |
Ricky Johnson | 18 (168) |
Ohio[101] (Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)[37][46][67][68][70][47][72][77][48][50][51][102] |
Partai Veteran Amerika Serikat | Chris Keniston insinyur keandalan dari Texas[103] |
Deacon Taylor dari Nevada[104] |
17 (171) peta |
Colorado, Louisiana[66] (Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington)[46][67][70][72][78][48][84][38][30] |
Partai Legalkan Marijuana Sekarang | Dan Vacek dari Minnesota |
Mark Elworth Jr. dari Nebraska |
16 (77) |
Iowa, Minnesota[66] (Alabama, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Independen | Lynn Kahn Doktor Psikologi Klinis dari Maryland |
Kathleen Monahan dari Florida |
12 (155) |
Arkansas, Iowa[66][43] (Alabama, Delaware, Idaho, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)[37][30][46][70][76][77][48][49][50][51][93] |
Independen | Joseph Allen Maldonado dari Oklahoma |
Douglas K. Terranova | 9 (197) |
Colorado[105] (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)[35][37][46][67][71][47][72][76][77][78][48][50][51][84][27] |
Independen | Ryan Alan Scott | Bruce Kendall Barnard | 9 (108) |
Colorado[105] (Alabama, Delaware, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[30][46][48][51] |
Partai Amerika Serikat (South Carolina) | Peter Skewes dosen ilmu hewan di Universitas Clemson, South Carolina |
Michael Lacy | 9 (83) |
South Carolina[106] (Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48][27] |
Partai Suara Setuju | Frank Atwood dari Colorado |
Blake Huber dari Colorado |
9 (76) |
Colorado[105] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Partai Amerika Serikat Independen | Kyle Kenle Kopitke dari Michigan |
Narthan R. Sorenson | 9 (76) |
Colorado[105] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Partai Nutrisi | Rod Silva pengusaha restoran dari New Jersey[107][108] |
Richard Silva | 9 (76) |
Colorado[105] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Partai Pasifis Amerika Serikat | Bradford Lyttle aktivis perdamaian dari Illinois |
Hannah Walsh | 9 (76) |
Colorado[105] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Partai Kesetaraan Sosialis | Jerry White aktivis perdamaian dari Michigan |
Niles Niemuth wartawan dari Wisconsin |
8 (156) |
Louisiana[109] (Alabama, California, Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)[37][46][72][48][50][51][26] |
Independen | Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro dari California |
Milton Fambro dari California |
8 (75) |
Louisiana[109] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Partai Amerika Serikat Independen | Rocky Giordani dari California |
Farley Anderson aktivis dari Utah |
6 (79) |
Utah[81] (Alabama, Iowa, Kansas, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48][93] |
Partai Konstitusi Idaho | Scott Copeland dari Texas |
J.R. Meyers | 4 (71) |
Idaho[110] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[46][48] |
Kandidat independen
Mantan pegulat profesional dan Gubernur Minnesota Jesse Ventura menyatakan bahwa, jika kerja kerasnya dapat mengamankan akses kotak suara untuknya di 50 negara bagian, serta partisipasi dalam debat presiden, ia akan maju tahun 2016.[111]
Swing States
Kampanye presiden umumnya berfokus pada sebagian negara bagian yang bukan menjadi basis massa partai, yang biasanya disebut swing states.[112] Beberapa diantaranya adalah: Florida, Iowa, Nevada, North Carolina, dan Ohio.[113][114] Florida merupakan swing state terbesar dan dimenangkan oleh presiden yang terpilih sejak 1996. Ohio juga merupakan swing state yang berpengaruh sejak 1964. Negara bagian tersebut dianggap kompetitif karena memiliki fluktuasi suara dan tidak menjadi basis suara suatu partai.
Beberapa pandangan dari pakar politik berkembang selama pemilihan pendahuluan mengenai swing states.[115] Dari hasil pemilihan presiden tahun 2004 sampai 2012, umumnya Partai Demokrat dan Republikan memulai dari negara bagian yang dianggap aman.[116][117] Margin yang diperlukan untuk menentukan suatu negara bagian tersebut dapat disebut sebagai swing state sangat samar, namun berbagai faktor dapat menentukan.[118][119] Negara bagian bersayap kiri di Sabuk Rust menjadi lebih konservatif, karena Trump menarik perhatian pekerja kerah biru.[120] Mereka berjumlah besar di populasi Amerika Serikat dan menjadi faktor utama nominasi Trump sebagai presiden. Kampanye Trump membuat dia menang di negara bagian Demokrat, dan pendukungnya terkadang tidak menidentikkan dirinya sebagai Republikan.
Di Maine dan Nebraska, elektor dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu untuk pemenang keseluruhan suara dan pemenang dari masing-masing distrik kongresional dengan satu suara elektor.[121] Semua negara bagian lainnya memberikan semua suara elektor kepada calon dengan suara tertinggi.[122] Media memberitakan bahwa kedua kandidat akan berfokus pada Florida, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Ohio dan North Carolina,[123][124] walau fokus kampanye dapat berubah tergantung pada pemilihan.
Di antara negara bagian Republik, sasaran potensial bagi Demokrat antara lain Distrik kongresional kedua Nebraska, Georgia, dan Arizona.[125] Dari hasil jajak pendapat menunjukkan Trump tidak mendapat banyak suara di negara yang umumnya memilih Republik seperti Utah. Hal tersebut menjadi pertana negara bagian tersebut akan memilih Clinton.[126] Banyak analis yang berpendapat bahwa Utah tidak menjadi pilihan utama Demokrat.[127][128] Namun hasil jajak pendapat terbaru menunjukkan suara untukEvan McMullin meningkat dan turunnya suara Trump[129] setelah adanya skandal video Access Hollywood.
Pendanaan kampanye
Bagian ini merupakan ikhtisar dari uang yang digunakan selama kampanye sesuai yang dilaporkan ke Federal Election Commission (FEC) dan dirilis pada September 2016. Grup luar adalah pengeluaran independen dari komite saja, atau biasa disebut PACs dan SuperPACs. Sumber jumlah berasal dari FEC dan Center for Responsive Politics.[130] Data beberapa pengeluaran tidak tersedia, karena tidak dilaporkan ke FEC hingga akhir tenggat waktu. Per September 2016, sepuluh calon telah melaporkan laporan keuangannya ke FEC.
Calon | Komite kampanye (per 30 September) | Grup luar (per 16 Oktober) | Total pengeluaran | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dana diperoleh | Dana dipakai | Uang di tangan | Utang | Dana diperoleh | Dana dipakai | Uang di tangan | ||
Hillary Clinton[131][132] | $460,168,401 | $400,504,099 | $59,664,302 | $626,094 | $171,240,103 | $148,604,471 | $22,635,633 | $534,352,332 |
Donald Trump[133][134] | $224,449,710 | $189,673,422 | $34,776,287 | $0 | $214,496,514 | $183,418,431 | $31,078,083 | $367,405,384 |
Gary Johnson[135][136] | $10,573,731 | $9,463,272 | $1,217,539 | $1,538,118 | $1,378,510 | $917,521 | $460,988 | $10,349,663 |
Rocky De La Fuente[137] | $7,351,270 | $7,354,663 | -$3,392 | $7,334,250 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $7,354,663 |
Jill Stein[138][139] | $3,218,525 | $3,144,843 | $73,681 | $87,740 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $3,144,843 |
Evan McMullin[140] | $501,093 | $496,776 | $4,316 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $496,776 |
Darrell Castle[141] | $52,234 | $51,365 | $869 | $2,500 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $51,365 |
Gloria La Riva[142] | $29,243 | $24,207 | $5,034 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $24,207 |
Monica Moorehead[143] | $11,547 | $9,127 | $2,419 | $4,500 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $9,127 |
Peter Skewes[144] | $7,966 | $4,238 | $7,454 | $8,000 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $4,238 |
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Pranala luar
Cari tahu mengenai Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016 pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
Gambar dan media dari Commons | |
Berita dari Wikinews |
- Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016 di Curlie (dari DMOZ)