Radikal (Aksara Han)
Radikal aksara Han (Hanzi: 部首; Pinyin: bùshǒu; harfiah: 'bagian utama') adalah sebuah komponen grafis dari aksara Han dimana berdasarkan radikal tersebut, sebuah aksara secara tradisonal tersusun dalam kamus bahasa Tionghoa. Komponen ini sering merupakan indikator semantis (yaitu, indikator makna dari aksara), meskipun dalam beberapa hal hubungan semantis asli menjadi kabur karena perubahan dalam makna aksara dari waktu ke waktu. Dalam hal lain, radikal mungkin menjadi sebuah komponen fonetis atau bahkan suatu bagian yang ditarik secara semu dari aksara.
Istilah bahasa Inggris "radikal" didasarkan pada sebuah analogi antara struktur karakter dan infleksi dari kata-kata dalam bahasa-bahasa Eropa.[a] Radikal juga kadang disebut sebagai "penggolong", namun nama ini lebih sering diterapkan untuk penggolong gramatikal (kata ukuran).[2]
Sejarah
Dalam kamus bahasa Tionghoa paling awal, seperti Erya (abad ke-3 SM), aksara dikelompokkan bersama dalam kategori semantik yang luas. Karena sebagian besar aksara merupakan gabungan [[fono-semantik], yang menggabungkan komponen semantik dengan komponen fonetik, masing-masing komponen semantik cenderung muncul berulang dalam bagian tertentu dari kamus. Pada abad ke-2 M, cendekiawan Dinasti Han, Xu Shen menyusun kamus etimologisnya Shuowen Jiezi dengan memilih 540 elemen grafis yang muncul berulang yang dia namakanbù (部, "kategori").[3]
Catatan
- ^ As Léon Wieger explains:
The inflected words of European languages are decomposed into radical and termination. The radical gives the meaning; the termination indicates case, time, mood. The first sinologists applied those grammatical terms belonging to inflected languages, to the Chinese language which is not an inflected one.[1]
Referensi
- ^ Wieger 1927, hlm. 14.
- ^ Wilkinson 2013, hlm. 34.
- ^ Wilkinson 2013, hlm. 74.
Kutipan karya
- Boltz, William (1994), The origin and early development of the Chinese writing system, American Oriental Society, ISBN 978-0-940490-78-9. (revised 2003)
- Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
- Qiu, Xigui (2000), Chinese writing, trans. by Gilbert L. Mattos and Jerry Norman, Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China and The Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, ISBN 978-1-55729-071-7. (English translation of Wénzìxué Gàiyào 文字學概要, Shangwu, 1988.)
- Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), The Languages of China, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
- Wieger, Léon (1927), Chinese Characters: Their Origin, Etymology, History, Classification and Signification. A Thorough Study from Chinese Documents. Translated from the French original ca. 1915 by L. Davrout, S.J., orig. Catholic Mission Press; reprinted in US – Dover; Taiwan – Lucky Book Co. Dover paperback ISBN 0-486-21321-8.
- Wilkinson, Endymion (2013), Chinese History: A New Manual, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, ISBN 978-0-674-06715-8.
- Woon, Wee Lee 雲惟利 (1987), Chinese Writing: Its Origin and Evolution (漢字的原始和演變), Macau: Univ. of East Asia. now available through Joint Publishing, jpchk@jointpublishing.com (be sure to provide Chinese author and title).
- Wu, Teresa L. (1990), The Origin and Dissemination of Chinese Characters (中國文字只起源與繁衍), Taipei: Caves Books, ISBN 978-957-606-002-1.
- Chan, Yi-Chin. Learning to Read Chinese: The Relative Roles of Phonological Awareness and Morphological Awareness (Tesis Ph.D.). https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/12968/Chan_ku_0099D_13162_DATA_1.pdf?sequence=1.
- Liu, Phil (December 2010). "Holistic versus analytic processing: Evidence for a different approach to processing of Chinese at the word and character levels in Chinese children". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 107 (4): 466–478. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.006.
Further reading
- Luó Zhènyù (羅振玉) 1958. 增訂殷墟書契考釋 (revised and enlarged edition on the interpretation of oracle bone inscriptions). Taipei: Yiwen Publishing (cited in Wu 1990).
- Serruys, Paul L-M. (1984) "On the System of the Pu Shou 部首 in the Shuo-wen chieh-tzu 說文解字", in 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊 Zhōngyāng Yánjiūyuàn Lìshǐ Yǔyán Yánjiūsuǒ Jíkān, v. 55:4, pp. 651–754.
- Xu Shen Shuōwén Jǐezì (說文解字), is most often accessed in annotated versions, the most famous of which is Duan Yucai (1815). 說文解字注 Shuōwén Jǐezì Zhù (commentary on the Shuōwén Jíezì), compiled 1776–1807, and still reproduced in facsimile by various publishers. The reproduction by 天工書局 Tiāngōng Books (1998) in Taibei is useful because the seal characters are highlighted in red ink.
Pranala luar
- Chinese Character Radicals List of Chinese Character Radicals
- 汉语大词典部首表 a list of radicals in the Hanyu Da Cidian
- List of Chinese Character Radicals A comprehensive list of Chinese character radicals with translations