Transseksual

Transseksual
Transseksual
Informasi umum

Orang transseksual memiliki identitas gender yang tidak sesuai atau yang secara tradisional tidak berasosiasi dengan seksnya yang ditunjuk serta memiliki keinginan untuk bertransisi permanen agar sesuai dengan gender yang mereka miliki. Orang transseksual biasanya mencari bantuan medis (lewat terapi penentuan ulang seks) untuk membantu tubuh mereka agar selaras dengan seks atau gender mereka. Istilah transseksual umumnya dinilai sebagai sebuah istilah turunan dari transgender,^[1]^[2]^[3] namun beberapa orang transseksual menolak penggunaan istilah transgender.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Diagnosis medis dapat dilakukan jika seseorang memiliki keinginan untuk hidup dan diterima selaku orang dengan seks yang mereka identifikasi atau jika ia terganggu dan mengalami kesulitan di dalam aktivitas sehari hari.^[8]

Seorang wanita trans dengan huruf XY tertulis di tangannya.

Diagnosis medis

Entri Transsexualism ("Transseksualisme") muncul di dalam International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10 keluaran WHO. ICD-10 menempatkan transseksualisme, transvestisme peran ganda, dan gangguan identitas gender pada anak-anak di dalam kategori gangguan identitas gender. ICD-10 mendeskripsikan transseksualisme sebagai sebuah "... keinginan untuk hidup dan diterima sebagai seorang anggota lawan jenis kelaminnya, biasanya disertai dengan ketidaknyamanan atau tidak pantasnya jenis kelamin fisik seseorang dan memiliki kehendak untuk menjalani pembedahan dan perawatan hormonal untuk membuad tubuhnya sesesuai mungkin dengan jenis kelamin yang diinginkannya."^[8]

Transseksualisme juga sebelumnya dicantumkan di dalam Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) keluaran American Psychiatric Association (APA). Dengan disahkannya DSM edisi kelima tahun 2013, transseksualisme bukanlah lagi sebuah diagnosis dan digantikan oleh diagnosis disforia gender.^[9] Perubahan tersebut diambil sebagai gambaran dari hasil keputusan para anggota APA bahwa transseksualitas bukanlah sebuah gangguan dan orang transseksual tidak berhak untuk mendapatkan stigma.^[10] Pemasukan diagnosis disforia gender memungkinkan orang transseksual untuk dapat memperoleh penanganan medis dalam proses transisi.

Referensi

^ Currah, P.; Juang, R. M.; Minter, S., ed. (2006). Transgender Rights. Univesrsity of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816643121.
^ Bevan, T. E. (2014). The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism. hlm. 42. ISBN 1440831270. The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective transgendered should not be used [...]. Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people.
^ Alegria, A. C. (2011). "Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation". Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 23 (4): 175–182. Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002).
^ Valentine, D. (2007). Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category. Duke University.
^ Stryker, S. (2006). "Introduction". Dalam Stryker, S.; Whittle, S. The Transgender Studies Reader. New York: Routledge. hlm. 1–17.
^ Winters, K. (2008). Gender Madness in American Psychiatry: Essays From the Struggle for Dignity. hlm. 198. Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not.
^ "Transsexualism". Gender Centre. Maret 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 Marret 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 Juli 2016. Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people.
^ ^a ^b "F64.0 Transsexualism ICD-10 Version: 2016". Diakses tanggal 10 Februari 2017.
^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Gender Dysphoria in the DSM-5" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 10 Februari 2017.

Pranala luar

(Inggris) Informasi dasar tentang Transgender/Transseksual/Interseksual - termasuk Perempuan trans yang berhasil dan Laki-laki trans yang berhasil
(Inggris) FTM International - Informasi praktis dan medis perubahan dari perempuan menjadi laki-laki
(Inggris) FTM Australia - Informasi lengkap untuk laki-laki yang diidentifikasikan sebagai perempuan saat kelahirannya di Australia.
(Inggris) Hudson's FTM Resource Guide - Informasi lengkap untuk perempuan yang beralih menjadi laki-laki dan teman-teman atau pendukung mereka, berbasis di AS
(Inggris) Gender.org - Situs Gender Education & Advocacy, sebuah perusahaan nirlaba yang menggunakan web untuk memberikan pendidikan dan advokasi untuk masalah-masalah transseksual dan transgender.

[TR2006-1] Currah, P.; Juang, R. M.; Minter, S., ed. (2006). Transgender Rights. Univesrsity of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816643121.

[Bevan-2] Bevan, T. E. (2014). The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism. hlm. 42. ISBN 1440831270. The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective transgendered should not be used [...]. Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people.

[Alegria-3] Alegria, A. C. (2011). "Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation". Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 23 (4): 175–182. Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002).

[Valentine-4] Valentine, D. (2007). Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category. Duke University.

[Stryker-5] Stryker, S. (2006). "Introduction". Dalam Stryker, S.; Whittle, S. The Transgender Studies Reader. New York: Routledge. hlm. 1–17.

[6] Winters, K. (2008). Gender Madness in American Psychiatry: Essays From the Struggle for Dignity. hlm. 198. Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not.

[7] "Transsexualism". Gender Centre. Maret 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 Marret 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 Juli 2016. Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people.

[icd-10-8] "F64.0 Transsexualism ICD-10 Version: 2016". Diakses tanggal 10 Februari 2017.

[DSM-V-9] American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.

[10] American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Gender Dysphoria in the DSM-5" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 10 Februari 2017.

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