Athena Promakhos

Athena Promachos (bahasa Yunani Kuno: Ἀθηνᾶ Πρόμαχος; arti harfiah: "Athena yang bertarung di garis depan") adalah sebuah patung perunggu kolosal dari Athena yang dibuat oleh Feidias, yang berdiri di antara propylaea dan Parthenon di Akropolis Athena.^[1] Athena adalah dewi pelindung kota Athena dan dewi kebijaksanaan dan pejuang. Feidias juga membuat dua patung Athena lainnya di Akropolis, citra kultus Athena Parthenos berukuran sangat besar yang terbuat dari emas dan gading (yakni patung kriselefantin) di Parthenon, dan Lemnian Athena.

Penyebutan Athena Promachos belum diketahui sebelum prasasti peringatan awal abad ke-4 M; Pausanias, menulis pada abad ke-2 M menyebutnya sebagai "Athena perunggu besar" di Akropolis.^[2]

Sejarah

The Athena Promachos (Promachos being ancient Greek term for soldiers who fought in the first line of the phalanx formation) was one of the earliest recorded works created by Phidias. It was erected during the Classical period of Ancient Greek culture, in approximately 456 BC. It was made with the Persian spoils of the Battle of Marathon, won by the Greeks some years earlier.

Catatan

^ Its surviving base shows that it was aligned with the old Propylon, before the construction of the existing "new" Propylaea.
^ Birte Lundgreen, "A Methodological Enquiry: The Great Bronze Athena by Pheidias" The Journal of Hellenic Studies 117 (1997, pp. 190-197) p 198. Lundgreen usefully assembles the literature.

Referensi

John Boardman and David Finn, The Parthenon and its Sculpture
J. J. Pollitt, 2nd ed., 1990. The Art of Ancient Greece: Sources and Documents (Cambridge University Press)
Jenifer Neils, ed., The Parthenon: From Antiquity to the Present
The Temple of Athena Nike at the Acropolis: Bibliography of the temple and the Athena Promachos
R.J.H.Jenkins, 1947. "The Bronze Athena at Byzantium", Journal of Hellenic Studies 67 pp 31–33.
Roy George, "Athena Promachos (Pheidias)": interpreting documentation of a Roman coin. Reconstructions of urbanistic context.
The pre-Phidian type of Athena Promachos, armed, striding forward, spear at the ready: votive bronze, ca 480 BCE (Archaeological Museum of Athens)

Pranala luar

37°58′18″N 23°43′33″E / 37.97167°N 23.72583°E / 37.97167; 23.72583

[1] Its surviving base shows that it was aligned with the old Propylon, before the construction of the existing "new" Propylaea.

[2] Birte Lundgreen, "A Methodological Enquiry: The Great Bronze Athena by Pheidias" The Journal of Hellenic Studies 117 (1997, pp. 190-197) p 198. Lundgreen usefully assembles the literature.

[1]

[2]