Hak asasi hewan
Hak asasi hewan, juga dikenal sebagai kebebasan hewan, adalah ide bahwa hak-hak dasar hewan non-manusia harus dianggap sederajat sebagaimana hak-hak dasar manusia.[3] Para pendukung mendekati masalah ini dari posisi filosofis yang berbeda, mulai dari gerakan proteksionis yang dicetuskan filsuf Peter Singer—dengan fokus utilitarian terhadap penderitaan dan konsekuensi, daripada konsep hak itu sendiri—sampai gerakan abolisionis yang dicetuskan profesor hukum Gary Francione, yang menyatakan bahwa hewan hanya butuh satu hak, yaitu hak untuk tidak dijadikan benda atau properti. Meski ada berbagai macam pendekatan, mereka semua setuju bahwa hewan harus dipandang sebagai orang non-manusia dan anggota komunitas moral, serta tidak digunakan sebagai makanan, pakaian, subjek penelitian, atau hiburan.[4]
| Hak asasi hewan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Deskripsi | Hewan adalah anggota dari komunitas moral.[2] |
| Pencetus awal | Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) Henry Salt (1851–1939) |
| Pencetus modern | Peter Singer, Tom Regan, Gary Francione |
| Teks kunci | Salt's Animals' Rights (1894) Singer's Animal Liberation (1972) |
| Subyek | Filsafat, etika |
Catatan kaki
- ^ See, for example, Francione, Gary. Animals as persons. Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 1.
- ^ "'Personhood' Redefined: Animal Rights Strategy Gets at the Essence of Being Human", Association of American Medical Colleges, retrieved May 17, 2010; Taylor, Angus. Animals and Ethics, Broadview Press, 2003, pp 15ff.
- ^ Wise, Steven M. "Animal Rights", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007, accessed May 17, 2010.
- Also see Taylor, Angus. Animals & Ethics. Broadview Press, 2003, p. 15 ff, and in particular p. 16.
- ^ Taylor, Angus. Animals and Ethics. Broadview Press, 2003, p. 15ff.
- Also see "'Personhood' Redefined: Animal Rights Strategy Gets at the Essence of Being Human", Association of American Medical Colleges, retrieved May 17, 2010.
- For the two sides of the movement, see Francione, Gary L. and Garner, Robert. The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or Regulation?. Columbia University Press, 2010; in particular see "The Abolition of Animal Exploitation" by Gary Francione for the abolitionist position (p. 1ff) and "A Defense of a Broad Animal Protectionism" by Robert Garner for the protectionist position (p. 103ff). A debate between Francione and Garner can be found on p. 175ff.
- For an argument against animals as property, see, for example, Steiner, Gary. Foreword in Gary Francione (ed.). Animals as persons: essays on the abolition of animal exploitation. Columbia University Press, 2008, p. ix ff.
Pranala luar
- Animal Law Review, Lewis & Clark Law School, accessed June 13, 2010.
- Animal Law section, The National Association for Biomedical Research, accessed June 13, 2010.
- Animal Legal Defense Fund, accessed June 13, 2010.
- Animal rights history, animalrightshistory.org, accessed June 13, 2010.
- Regan, Tom. Video of "Animal Rights: An Introduction", Interdisciplinary Lectures on Animal Rights, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, May 24, 2006, accessed June 13, 2010.
- The Center on Animal Liberation Affairs, accessed June 13, 2010.
- The Tom Regan Animal Rights archive, North Carolina State University, accessed June 13, 2010.
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