Kapal tempur kelas Kongō
Kapal tempur kelas Kongō (金剛型巡洋戦艦, Kongō-gata jun'yōsenkan) pertama kali dibuat sebagai kapal penjelajah tempur sebelum Perang Dunia I. Kapal kelas ini didesain oleh arsitek perkapalan dari Inggris, George Thurston. Kongō, kapal pertama di kelasnya adalah kapal kapital Jepang terakhir yang dibuat di luar Jepang (Inggris).[1] Ada 4 kapal utama dalam kelas ini, yaitu Kongō, Haruna, Hiei, dan Kirishima. Setelah dimodifikasi, keempatnya lalu diklasifikasikan sebagai kapal tempur cepat. Hiei dan Kirishima hancur dalam pertempuran melawan USS Washington dan USS South Dakota dalam Pertempuran Guadalkanal.[2] Sementara Kongō tenggelam akibat torpedo dari USS Sealion.[3][4][5][6] Haruna sendiri karam setelah terkena serangan udara ketika berlabuh di Kure.[7]
 Kongō saat masih menjadi kapal penjelajah tempur.
| |
| Tentang kelas | |
|---|---|
| Operator: |  Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang |
| Didahului oleh: | Kapal penjelajah kelas-Ibuki |
| Digantikan oleh: | Kapal penjelajah kelas-Amagi |
| Dibangun: | 1911–1915 |
| Bertugas: | 1913–1945 |
| Rencana: | 4 |
| Selesai: | 4 |
| Hilang: | 4 |
| Ciri-ciri umum (termasuk Haruna) | |
| Jenis | Kapal tempur |
| Berat benaman | 27.384 ton (26.952 ton panjang) |
| Panjang | 21.458 m (70.400 ft 3 in) |
| Lebar | 2.804 m (9.199 ft 6 in) |
| Sarat air | 822 m (2.696 ft 10 in) |
| Tenaga |
|
| Pendorong |
|
| Kecepatan | 275 knot (509 km/h; 316 mph) |
| Jangkauan | 8.000 nmi (15.000 km; 9.200 mi) pada 14 knot (26 km/h; 16 mph) |
| Awak kapal | 1193 orang |
| Senjata | |
| Pelindung |
|
Kapal di kelasnya
| Kapal | Pembangun | Laid down | Diluncurkan | Nasib |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kongo | Vickers, Barow-in-Furness | 17 Januari 1911 | 18 Mei 1912 | Tertembak torpedo oleh kapal selam AS |
| Hiei | Arsenal Angkatan Laut Yokosuka, Yokosuka | 4 November 1911 | 21 November 1912 | Tenggelam di Pertempuran Laut Guadalkanal |
| Kirishima | Mitsubishi Shipyard Co., Nagasaki | 17 Maret 1912 | 1 Desember 1913 | Tenggelam di Pertempuran Laut Guadalkanal |
| Haruna | Kawasaki Dockyard Co, Kobe | 16 Maret 1912 | 14 Desember 1913 | Tenggelam diserang pesawat sekutu |
Catatan kaki
- ^ Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp,; Allyn Nevitt. "Kongo-class Battleship". Combined Fleet – Kongo class. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2014.
- ^ Jackson (2000), p. 121
- ^ Breyer (1973), p. 333
- ^ Whitley, pp. 178, 180
- ^ Wheeler, p. 183
- ^ Tully, Anthony P. (July 2001). "The Loss of Battleship KONGO". Mysteries/Untold Sagas of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Combined Fleet. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2010.
- ^ Jackson (2000), p. 129
Referensi
- Boyle, David (1998). World War II in Photographs. London. Rebo Productions. ISBN 1-84053-089-8
- Breyer, Siegfried (1973). Battleships and battle cruisers, 1905–1970. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. OCLC 702840.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- Chihaya, Masataka; Abe, Yasuo (1971). IJN Kongo Battleship 1912–1944. Warship Profile. 12. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications.
- Evans, David C.; Peattie, Mark R. (1997). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, ed. (1984). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-907-3.
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- Lengerer, Hans (2012). "The Battlecruisers of the Kongô Class". Dalam Jordan, John. Warship 2012. London: Conway. ISBN 978-1-84486-156-9.
- McCurtie, Francis (1989) [1945]. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. London: Bracken Books. ISBN 1-85170-194-X
- Moore, John (1990) [1919]. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. London: Studio Editions. ISBN 1-85170-378-0
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- Preston, Antony (1972). Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of All Nations 1914–1918. New York: Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-300-1.
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- Schom, Alan (2004). The Eagle and the Rising Sun; The Japanese-American War, 1941–1943. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393049244
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
- Skulski, Janusz (1998). The Battleship Fusō: Anatomy of a Ship. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-665-5.
- Steinberg, Rafael (1980) Return to the Philippines. Time-Life Books Inc. ISBN 0-8094-2516-5
- Stille, Mark (2008). Imperial Japanese Navy Battleships 1941–1945. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-280-6.
- Swanston, Alexander & Swanston, Malcolm (2007). The Historical Atlas of World War II. London: Cartographica Press Ltd. ISBN 0-7858-2200-3
- Whitley, M. J. (1998). Battleships of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-184-X.
- Willmott, H.P. & Keegan, John [1999] (2002). The Second World War in the Far East. Smithsonian Books. ISBN 978-1588341921.
- Wiper, Steve (2001). Imperial Japanese Navy Kongo Class Battleships. Warship Pictorial. 13. Tucson, Arizona: Classic Warships Publishing. ISBN 0-9710687-1-2.