Daftar hewan yang menampilkan perilaku homoseksual

Berikut adalah hewan-hewan yang menampilkan perilaku homoseksual.

Mamalia

Selected mammals from the full list

Birds

Selected birds from the full list:

Fish

 
Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) leaping for a fly fisherman's bait. Research going back to the 1950s has shown both male and female graylings exhibit homosexual behavior.[35]

Reptiles

 
Three species of Cnemidophorus.

The all-female Whiptail lizard species Cnemidophorus neomexicanus (center), which reproduces via parthenogenesis, is shown flanked by two sexual species having males, C. inornatus (left) and C. tigris (right). Research has shown that simulated mating behavior increases fertility for Cnemidophorus neomexicanus. One female lies on top of another, playing the role of the male, the lizard that was on bottom has larger eggs. The lizards switch off this role each mating season.[42]

Amphibians

Insects

 
The head of a darner dragonfly (Basiaeschna janata).

Male homosexuality has been inferred in several species of dragonflies. A survey of damsel and dragonflies reveals characteristic cloacal pincher mating damage in 20–80 percent of the males, indicating a fairly high occurrence of sexual coupling between males.[51][52]

 
Male flour beetles engage in same-sex coupling to practice mating and to rid themselves of "old, less effective" sperm.[53]

Other invertebrates

Templat:List of Gay and Transgender Animals footers

References

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  3. ^ a b Bagemihl (1999) page 469
  4. ^ Bagemihl (1999) pages 388,389
  5. ^ Bagemihl (1999) pages 81, 88
  6. ^ Bagemihl (1999) pages 81, 82, 89
  7. ^ de Waal (2001)
  8. ^ Liggett (1997–2006)
  9. ^ Imaginova (2007j)
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  11. ^ a b Bagemihl (1999) page 339
  12. ^ Bagemihl (1999) page 334
  13. ^ Bagemihl (1999) pages 310, 314
  14. ^ Bagemihl (1999) page 427
  15. ^ Bagemihl (1999) pages 218, 231, 317
  16. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama 1,500 Animal Species Practice
  17. ^ Bagemihl (1999) page 391
  18. ^ Imaginova (2007d)
  19. ^ Bagemihl (1999) pages 81, 165, 205, 226, 231
  20. ^ a b Bagemihl (1999) page 432
  21. ^ Sell RL, Wells JA, Wypij D (June 1995). "The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: results of national population-based samples". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 24 (3): 235–48. doi:10.1007/BF01541598. PMID 7611844. 
  22. ^ Wellings, K., Field, J., Johnson, A., & Wadsworth, J. (1994). Sexual behavior in Britain: The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles. London, UK: Penguin Books.[halaman dibutuhkan]
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  34. ^ Mating Call (1979)
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  36. ^ Bagemihl (1999), page 37
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  67. ^ Kureck, I. M.; Neumann, A.; Foitzik, S. (2011). "Wingless ant males adjust mate-guarding behaviour to the competitive situation in the nest". Animal Behaviour. 82 (2): 339–346. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.05.008. 
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