Daftar Penguasa Seleukia
Dinasti Seleukia atau Seleucidae (dari bahasa Yunani: Σελευκίδαι, Seleukídai) adalah sebuah wangsa keluarga kerajaan Yunani Makedonia , yang didirikan oleh Seleukos I Nicator ("Pemenang"), yang memerintah Seleucid Empire terutama di wilayah Timur Dekat dan sebagian Asia, yang sebelumnya dikuasai oleh Achaemenid Persia, selama periode Helenistik.
Latar belakang
Seleukos (~ 358 – 281 SM) menjabat sebagai seorang perwira Alexander the Great, menjadi komandan korps infanteri elite dalam barisan tentara Makedonia: "Pembawa-perisai" (Hypaspistai), kemudian dikenal sebagai "Silvershields" (Ἀργυράσπιδες / Argyraspides). Setelah kematian Aleksander pada tahun 323 SM, Partisi Triparadisus menugaskan Seleukos sebagai satrap di Babel pada tahun 321 SM. Antigonus, satrap kebanyakan wilayah Asia Kecil, memaksa Seleukos untuk melarikan diri dari Babel, tetapi, dengan dukungan Ptolemaios, Satrap di Mesir, Seleukos kembali ke Babel pada 312 SM. Seleukos kemudian menaklukan Persia dan Media. Ia membentuk aliansi dengan Raja India Chandragupta Maurya (memerintah 324-297 SM). Seleukos mengalahkan Antigonus dalam Pertempuran Ipsus pada tahun 301 SM dan Lysimachus (Raja Thrake, Makedonia dan Asia Kecil) dalam pertempuran Corupedium (dekat Sardis) pada tahun 281 SM. Ptolemy Ceraunus kemudian membunuh Seleukos pada tahun yang sama. Putra sulung Seleukos, Antiokhus I menggantikannya sebagai penguasa wilayah Seleukia.
Penguasa Seleukia
Gambar | Raja | Memerintah (SM) | Pasangan(s) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
Seleucus I Nicator | Satrap 320–315, 312–305 BCE King 305–281 BCE |
Apama | ||
Antiochus I Soter | co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261 BCE | Stratonice of Syria | Co-ruler with his father for 10 years | |
Antiochus II Theos | 261–246 BCE | Laodice I Berenice |
Berenice was a daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt. Laodice I had her and her son murdered. | |
Seleucus II Callinicus | 246–225 BCE | Laodice II | ||
Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter) | 225–223 BCE | Seleucus III was assassinated by members of his army. | ||
Antiochus III the Great | 223–187 BCE | Laodice III Euboea of Chalcis |
Antiochus III was a brother of Seleucus III | |
Seleucus IV Philopator | 187–175 BCE | Laodice IV | This was a brother-sister marriage. | |
Antiochus IV Epiphanes | 175–163 BCE | Laodice IV | ||
Berkas:Antiochus V Eupator, coin, front side.jpg | Antiochus V Eupator | 163–161 BCE | ||
Demetrius I Soter | 161–150 BCE | Apama ? Laodice V? |
Son of Seleucus IV Philopator and Laodice IV | |
Alexander I Balas | 150–145 BCE | Cleopatra Thea | Son of Antiochus IV and Laodice IV | |
Demetrius II Nicator | first reign, 145–138 BCE | Cleopatra Thea | Son of Demetrius I | |
Antiochus VI Dionysus (or Epiphanes) | 145–140 BCE? | Son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea | ||
Diodotus Tryphon | 140–138 BCE | General who was a regent for Antiochus VI Dionysus. Took the throne after murdering his charge. | ||
Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes) | 138–129 BCE | Cleopatra Thea | Son of Demetrius I | |
Demetrius II Nicator | second reign, 129–126 BCE | Cleopatra Thea | Demetrius was murdered at the instigation of his wife Cleopatra Thea. | |
Alexander II Zabinas | 129–123 BCE | Counter-king who claimed to be an adoptive son of Antiochus VII Sidetes | ||
Cleopatra Thea | 126–121 BCE | Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt. Married to three kings: Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator, and Antiochus VII Sidetes. Mother of Antiochus VI, Seleucus V, Antiochus VIII Grypus, and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Coregent with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus. Gorgias (Greek General) and War against Jews | ||
Seleucus V Philometor | 126/125 BCE | Murdered by his mother Cleopatra Thea | ||
Antiochus VIII Grypus | 125–96 BCE | Tryphaena of Egypt Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt | ||
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus | 114–96 BCE | Cleopatra IV of Egypt Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt | ||
Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator | 96–95 BCE | |||
Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator | 95–92 BC or 83 BCE | Cleopatra Selene I | ||
Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator) | 95–87 BCE | |||
Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus | 95–92 BCE | |||
Philip I Philadelphus | 95–84/83 BCE | |||
Antiochus XII Dionysus | 87–84 BCE | |||
Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes or Philometor | 83–69 BCE | |||
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus | 69–64 BCE | |||
Philip II Philoromaeus | 65–63 BCE |
Silsilah
Antiochus | Laodice | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seleucus I Nicator Kg. 305–281 |
Apama | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Achaeus | Stratonice | Antiochus I Soter Kg. 281–261 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Andromachus | Antiochus II Theos Kg. 261–246 |
Laodice I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Achaeus Kg. 220–213 |
Laodice II | Seleucus II Callinicus Kg. 246–226 |
Antiochus Hierax Kg. 240–228 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seleucus III Ceraunus Kg. 226–223 |
Antiochus III the Great Kg. 223–187 |
Laodice III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seleucus IV Philopator Kg. 187–175 |
Laodice IV | Antiochus IV Epiphanes Kg. 175–163 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Laodice V | Demetrius I Soter Kg. 161–150 |
Antiochus V Eupator Kg. 163–161 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexander I Balas Kg. 150–146 |
Cleopatra Thea Qu. 125–121 |
Demetrius II Nicator Kg. 145–125 |
Antiochus VII Sidetes Kg. 138–129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Antiochus VI Dionysus Kg. 144–142 |
Seleucus V Philometor Kg. 126–125 |
Antiochus VIII Grypus Kg. 125–96 |
Tryphaena | Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Kg. 116–96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seleucus VI Epiphanes Kg. 96–95 |
Antiochus XI Epiphanes Kg. 95–92 |
Philip I Philadelphus Kg. 95–83 |
Demetrius III Eucaerus Kg. 95–88 |
Antiochus XII Dionysus Kg. 87–84 |
Antiochus X Eusebes Kg. 95–83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip II Philoromaeus Kg. 69–63 |
Seleucus VII Philometer Kg. 83–69 |
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Kg. 69–64 |
Lihat pula
- List of kings of Persia|Daftar Penguasa Persia
- List of Syrian monarchs|Daftar Penguasa Suriah
Referensi
- Glanville Downey (8 December 2015). History of Antioch. Princeton University Press. hlm. 735–736. ISBN 978-1-4008-7773-7.
- Mehrdad Kia (27 June 2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 287–311. ISBN 978-1-61069-391-2.
Pranala luar
- Livius, Kekaisaran Seleukia oleh Jona Lendering