Misi Marshall

Misi Marshall (Hanzi: 马歇尔使华; Pinyin: Mǎxiē'ěr Shǐhuá; 20 Desember 1945 – Januari 1947) adalah sebuah misi diplomatik gagal yang diusahakan oleh Jenderal Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat George C. Marshall ke Tiongkok dalam upaya untuk merundingkan pembentukan pemerintahan bersatu dari Partai Komunis Tiongkok dan Nasionalis (Kuomintang).

George C. Marshall bersama Mao di Yen'an.

Latar belakang sejarah

Komite Tiga, dari kiri, perwakilan Nasionalis Zhang Qun, George C. Marshall, dan wakil Komunis Zhou Enlai.

Sepanjang rentang waktu Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua sebuah kebuntuan yang meresahkan telah muncul antara Komunis Tiongkok (PKT) dan Nasionalis Tiongkok (KMT), sementara sebelum perang, kedua belah pihak telah terlibat konflik terbuka satu sama lain. Selama periode itu banyak personel militer Amerika Serikat dan penulis swasta mengunjungi dan melaporkan Bagian Komunis Tiongkok. Pada tahun 1936, jurnalis internasional Edgar Snow melakukan perjalanan dan mewawancarai para anggota terkemuka Partai Komunis Tiongkok. Snow melaporkan bahwa Mao adalah seorang pembaru daripada seorang revolusioner radikal,^[1] dan banyak pembaca mendapat kesan bahwa komunis Tiongkok adalah "pembaru agraria".^[2]

Lihat juga

Catatan

^ Brady p. 47.
^ Kenneth E. Shewmaker, "The "Agrarian Reformer" Myth," The China Quarterly 34 (1968): 66-81. [1]

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Homeyard, Illoyna. "Another Look at the Marshall Mission to China." Journal of American-East Asian Relations (1992): 191-217.; disagrees with Levine (1979); the mission was in fact an attempt to lay the groundwork for the establishment of a stable, democratic China. in JSTOR
Levine, Steven I. "A New Look at American Mediation in the Chinese Civil War: the Marshall Mission and Manchuria." Diplomatic History 1979 3(4): 349-375. ISSN 0145-2096
May, Ernest Richard. The Truman Administration and China, 1945-1949 (1975)
May, Ernest R. "1947-48: When Marshall Kept the U.S. out of War in China." Journal of Military History (2002) 66#4: 1001-1010. online
Pogue, Forrest. George C. Marshall: Statesman 1945-1959 (1987) pp 51–143. online edition
Rose, Lisle Abbott. Roots of Tragedy: United States and the Struggle for Asia, 1945-53 (1976)
Song, Yuwu, ed. Encyclopedia of Chinese-American Relations (2009)
Stueck, William W. The Road to Confrontation: American Policy Toward China and Korea, 1947-1950, (1981) online edition
Tsou, Tang. America's Failure in China, 1941-50 (1963) online edition
Westad, Odd Arne. Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 (2003)

Sumber utama

Marshall, George Catlett. The Papers of George Catlett Marshall. Vol. 5: "The Finest Soldier," January 1, 1945-January 7, 1947. Larry I. Bland and Sharon Ritenour Stevens, eds. Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2003. 822 pp.
US Congress, House, Committee on International Relations. Selected Executive Session Hearings of the Committee, 1943-50 (8 vols., Washington, 1976), Vol. VII: United States Policy in the Far East pt. 1 and Pt 2.
U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945. online
---. Volume VII. The Far East: China. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1969.
---. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1946. Volume IX. The Far East: China. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1972.
---. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1946. Volume X. The Far East: China. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1972.
---. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1947. Volume VII. The Far East: China. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1972.

Pranala luar

The MacArthur Hearing: The China Mission Time Magazine article dated Monday, 21 May 1951. General Marshall responds to questions about the China Mission regarding both the political and military situation.

[1] Brady p. 47.

[2] Kenneth E. Shewmaker, "The "Agrarian Reformer" Myth," The China Quarterly 34 (1968): 66-81. [1]

[1]

[2]