Daftar negara menurut anggaran penelitian dan pengembangan

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Revisi sejak 15 Februari 2019 09.50 oleh AABot (bicara | kontrib) (Bot: Perubahan kosmetika)

Berikut adalah daftar negara dengan pengeluaran untuk bidang penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) secara riil dan sesuai data terbaru yang tersedia.

Daftar Negara

Hanya negara-negara yang setiap tahunnya menghabiskan lebih dari 50 juta dolar yang dimasukkan. Total pengeluaran nominal litbang dunia sekitar satu triliun dolar pada tahun 2010.[1]

Peringkat Negara/Daerah Pengeluaran
Litbang
(milyar dolar US$, PPP),
%
dari GDP PPP
Pengeluaran Litbang
per kapita
(US$ PPP),
Tahun Sumber
1   Amerika Serikat 511.1 2.744% 1,586.35 2016 [2]
2   Tiongkok 451.9 2.107% 321.99 2016 [2]
3   Jepang 165.7 3.147% 1,297.39 2016 [2]
4   Jerman 118.8 2.94% 1,450.17 2016 [2]
5   Korea Selatan 91.6 4.292% 1,518.47 2014 [3]
6   India 66.5 0.85% 39.37 2015 [4]
7   Perancis 60.0 2.256% 905.8 2014 [5]
8   Inggris 44.8 1.701% 692.9 2014 [5]
9   Rusia 42.6 1.187% 290.21 2014 [3]
10   Brazil 38.4 1.17% 177.89 2012 [6][2][7]
11   Taiwan 33.7 3.1% 1,383.84 2015 [8][3]
12   Italia 27.4 1.287% 452.14 2014 [3]
13   Kanada 25.7 1.612% 723.5 2014 [5]
14   Australia 23.3 2.12% 986.86 2014 [9]
15   Spanyol 19.2 1.222% 413.46 2014 [3]
16   Belanda 16.3 1.973% 967.8 2014 [5]
17   Turki 15.3 1.007% 198.36 2014 [3]
18   Swedia 14.2 3.161% 1,468.1 2014 [5]
19   Swiss 13.1 2.967% 1,647.90 2012 [3]
20   Israel 12.7 4.3% 1,361.56 2015 [3]
21   Belgia 12.4 2.465% 1,102.9 2014 [5]
22   Austria 11.9 3.1% 1,416.14 2015 [3]
23   Polandia 11.6 .935% 301.06 2014 [3][7][2]
24   Malaysia 10.6 1.3% 344.3 2015 [6]
25   Singapura 10.0 2.186% 1,831.7 2014 [5]
26   Meksiko 9.0 0.941% 237.57 2014 [3]
27   Denmark 8.2 3.085% 1,450.2 2014 [5]
28   Finlandia 7.2 3.174% 1,318.0 2014 [5]
29   Chechnya 6.3 1.997% 600.04 2014 [3]
30   Mesir 6.2 0.68% 73.18 2013 [6]
31   Norwegia 5.8 1.710% 1,123.9 2014 [5]
32   Argentina 5.0 0.588% 129.09 2013 [3][2][7]
33   Afrika Selatan 4.8 0.732% 92.25 2012 [3]
34   United Arab Emirates 4.28 0.70% 470.7 2014 [5]
35   Irlandia 3.6 1.519% 779.4 2014 [5]
36   Portugis 3.6 1.285% 347.84 2014 [3]
37   Thailand 3.6 0.39% 52.67 2011 [6]
38   Hungaria 3.4 1.371% 343.01 2014 [3]
39   Ukraina 3 0.76% 73.7 2013 [6]
40   Hong Kong 2.7 0.73% 373.09 2012 [6]
41   Yunani 2.4 1.007% 216.72 2014 [3][10][7]
42   Pakistan 2.4 0.29% 13.29 2013 [6]
43   Indonesia 2.0 0.08% 8.09 2013 [6]
44   Selandia Baru 1.8 1.172% 400.99 2013 [3]
45   Arab Saudi 1.8 0.25% 60.01 2012 [11][12]
46   Kolombia 1.6 0.24% 31 2014 [6][2][7]
47   Chili 1.54 0.38% 87.39 2014 [3][2][7]
48   Slovenia 1.5 2.386% 712.63 2014 [3]
49   Morocco 1.5 0.73% 47.59 2010 [6]
50   Romania 1.5 0.383% 75.62 2014 [3]
51   Slovakia 1.4 0.886% 250.55 2014 [3]
52   Qatar 1.3 0.47% 698.50 2012 [6]
53   Belarus 1.12 0.67% 118.44 2013 [6]
54   Vietnam 0.87 0.21% 9.91 2011 [13]
55   Kuwait 0.83 0.30% 214.16 2013 [6]
56   Bulgaria 0.81 0.65% 112.15 2013 [14]
57   Ekuador 0.8 0.44% 49.90 2016 [2][7]
58   Ethiopia 0.79 0.61% 9.08 2013 [6]
59   Tunisia 0.78 0.68% 72.83 2012 [6]
60   Lithuania 0.76 0.88% 245.36 2017 [14]
61   Luxembourg 0.7 1.256% 1,252.7 2014 [5]
62   Croatia 0.7 0.81% 166.75 2013 [14]
63   Serbia 0.7 0.73% 97.86 2013 [14]
64   Iran 0.7 0.12% 9.08 2014 [15]
65   Kazakhstan 0.67 0.17% 39.24 2013 [6]
66   Estonia 0.344 1.29% 264.62 2017 [16]
67   Filipina 0.48 0.11% 5.4 2007 [6]
68   Peru 0.4 0.12% 12.94 2015 [10][2][7]
69   Azerbaijan 0.33 0.21% 35.98 2013 [6]
70   Latvia 0.28 0.51% 136.8 2017 [14]
71   Uganda 0.28 0.48% 8.27 2010 [6]
72   Costa Rica 0.28 0.47% 61.55 2011 [6]
73   Islandia 0.27 1.891% 831.2 2014 [5]
74   Mongolia 0.26 0.17% 73.66 2013 [6]
75   Uruguay 0.24 0.34% 69.88 2015 [6][2][7]
76   Sudan 0.18 0.23% 4.74 2007 [10]
77   Algeria 0.16 0.07% 4.13 2007 [10]
78   Siprus 0.13 0.48% 150.82 2013 [14]
79   Macedonia 0.12 0.44% 55.99 2013 [6]
80   Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.12 0.33% 31.73 2013 [6]
81   Malta 0.11 0.85% 270.78 2013 [14]
82   Bolivia 0.08 0.15% 7.29 2012 [2][7]
83   Botswana 0.07 0.25% 37.01 2012 [6]
84   Oman 0.07 0.23% 25.40 2013 [6]
85   Macau 0.07 0.09% 122.2 2014 [5]
86   Moldova 0.06 0.35% 16.44 2013 [6]
87   Bahrain 0.06 0.100% 45.2 2014 [5]
88   Paraguay 0.06 0.13% 9.13 2015 [2][7]
89   Georgia 0.05 0.16% 14.73 2014 [6]
90   Montenegro 0.03 0.38% 55.75 2013 [14]

Lihat juga

Referensi

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