Kwalliso
Kwalliso atau kwan-li-so, adalah salah satu dari tiga bentuk penahanan di Korea Utara, dua lainnya adalah Hawk[1] yang diterjemahkan menjadi "penahanan jangka pendek/pusat buruh paksa"[2] dan "kamp buruh penjara jangka panjang".[3] Sekitar 80.000 sampai 120.000 orang menjadi tahanan politik di negara tersebut.
Referensi
- ^ Hawk, David. "The Hidden Gulag – Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps" (PDF). The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-21.
- ^ Hangul: 집결소; Hanja: 集結所; RR: jipgyeolso; MR: chipkyŏlso, artinya "tempat berkumpul"
- ^ Hangul: 교화소; Hanja: 敎化所; RR: gyohwaso; MR: kyohwaso, artinya "tempat reedukasi]]"
Bacaan tambahan
- Harden, Blaine (2012). Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02332-5.
Pranala luar
- Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea—detailed report, resources include maps and satellite photographs of camps
- Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps - Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps
- "Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today" (PDF). Database Center for North Korean Human Rights. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-19. – Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of life in political prison camps
- Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity – Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps
- Christian Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer – a call to act – Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes
- Washington Post: North Koreas Hard Labor Camps - Explore North Korean prison camps with interactive map
- Stanton, Joshua. "North Korea's Largest Concentration Camps on Google Earth". One Free Korea.