Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNFCCC) adalah perjanjian lingkungan internasional yang dirundingkan pada KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro tanggal 3 sampai 14 Juni 1992 dan diberlakukan tanggal 21 Maret 1994. Tujuan UNFCCC adalah "menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer sampai tingkat yang mampu mencegah campur tangan manusia dengan sistem iklim".[2] Kerangka kerja ini tidak menetapkan batas emisi gas rumah kaca yang mengikat terhadap setiap negara dan tidak mencantumkan mekanisme penegakan hukum. Kerangka kerja ini menentukan bagaimana perjanjian internasional tertentu (disebut "protokol") dapat mengatur batas gas rumah kaca yang benar-benar mengikat.
 Logo UNFCCC | |
| Dirancang | 9 Mei 1992 |
|---|---|
| Ditandatangani | 4 Juni 1992 |
| Lokasi | New York City, A.S. |
| Efektif | 21 Maret 1994 |
| Syarat | Ratifikasi oleh 50 negara |
| Penanda tangan | 165 |
| Ratifikasi | 196 (semua negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, ditambah Niue, Kepulauan Cook, dan Uni Eropa)[1] |
| Penyimpan | Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa |
| Bahasa | Arab, Cina, Inggris, Prancis, Rusia, dan Spanyol |
Awalnya, Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee menulis teks Konvensi Kerangka Kerja dalam pertemuan di New York tanggal 30 April sampai 9 Mei 1992. UNFCCC diadopsi tanggal 9 Mei 1992 dan dapat ditandatangani sejak 4 Juni 1992.[3] UNFCCC melibatkan 196 penandatangan per Maret 2014. Konvensi ini mendapat legitimasi luas karena keanggotaannya yang hampir universal.[4]
Penandatangan konvensi ini bertemu setiap tahun sejak 1995 dalam Konferensi Penandatangan (COP) untuk menilai kemajuan terkait perubahan iklim. Pada tahun 1997, Protokol Kyoto disepakati dan mewajibkan negara-negara maju untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca.[5] Perjanjian Cancún 2010 menyatakan bahwa pemanasan global di masa yang akan datang harus dibatasi di bawah 2,0 °C (3,6 °F) relatif terhadap tingkat suhu pra-industri.[6] COP ke-20 dilaksanakan di Peru tahun 2014.[7]
Salah satu tugas pertama yang ditetapkan UNFCCC adalah pembentukan inventaris gas rumah kaca nasional yang berisikan emisi dan pengurangan gas rumah kaca (GRK) oleh setiap negara penandatangan. Inventaris tersebut akan digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat suhu yang diperlukan agar negara-negara Aneks I Protokol Kyoto bisa bergabung dan berkomitmen mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Inventaris harus selalu dimutakhirkan secara rutin oleh negara-negara Aneks I.
UNFCCC juga merupakan nama Sekretariat Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang ditugaskan mendukung pelaksanaan Konvensi ini. Kantornya terletak di Haus Carstanjen, dan UN Campus (Langer Eugen) di Bonn, Jerman. Sejak 2006 sampai 2010, sekretariat ini dipimpin oleh Yvo de Boer. Tanggal 17 Mei 2010, Christiana Figueres dari Costa Rica menggantikan de Boer. Sekretariat yang dibantu oleh program paralel Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ini bertujuan mencapai kesepakatan melalui rapat dan pembahasan sejumlah strategi.
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
- ^ "Status of Ratification of the Convention". United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-25.
- ^ "Article 2". The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Diakses tanggal 15 November 2005.
- ^ Status of Ratification of the Convention, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, diakses tanggal 10 May 2015
- ^ R. Stavins, J. Zou, et al., "International Cooperation: Agreements and Instruments." Chapter 13 in: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
- ^ "What is the UNFCCC & the COP". Climate Leaders. Lead India. 2009. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2009.
- ^ King, D.; et al. (July 2011), "Copenhagen and Cancun", International climate change negotiations: Key lessons and next steps, Oxford, UK: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, hlm. 12, doi:10.4210/ssee.pbs.2011.0003 PDF version is also available
- ^ FEATURE: Peru will look for global progress on climate change in 2014 Climate & Development Knowledge Network Downloaded 31 July 2013
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- IPCC AR4 SYR (2007), Core Writing Team; Pachauri, R.K; and Reisinger, A., ed., Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, ISBN 92-9169-122-4.
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- IPCC AR5 WG3 (2014), Edenhofer, O.; et al., ed., Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press. Archived 29 June 2014.
- King, D.; et al. (July 2011), International climate change negotiations: Key lessons and next steps, Oxford, UK: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, doi:10.4210/ssee.pbs.2011.0003 PDF version is also available
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Pranala luar
- UNFCCC Newsroom
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- Text of the UNFCCC
- Ratifications
- Earth Negotiations Bulletin: detailed summaries of all COPs and SBs
- Road to Doha, a project following COP18 in Qatar by Carboun
- UNFCCC on India Environment Portal
- Conference of Parties (COP)
- Introductory note by Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
- IPCC
- Kurva Keeling