Pertempuran Fredericksburg

Pertempuran Fredericksburg berlangsung pada 11-15 Desember 1862 di Fredericksburg, Virginia dan sekitarnya, sebagai bagian dari Teater Timur Perang Saudara Amerika yang melibatkan Tentara Potomac yang dipimpin oleh May.Jend. Ambrose E. Burnside dengan Tentara Virginia Utara yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Robert E. Lee.

Pertempuran Fredericksburg
Bagian dari Perang Saudara Amerika
Pertempuran Fredericksburg: Tentara Potomac menyebrang Sungai Rappahannock saat pagi hari pada 13 Desember 1862, oleh Kurz and Allison (1888)
Tanggal 11-15 Desember 1862 Lokasi Spotsylvania County dan Fredericksburg, Virginia 38.2995°N 77.4705°W / 38.2995; -77.4705 Hasil Kemenangan Konfederasi
Pihak terlibat
Amerika Serikat (Uni)	Negara Konfederasi Amerika
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Ambrose E. Burnside George G. Meade Winfield S. Hancock	Robert E. Lee James Longstreet Thomas J. Jackson J. E. B. Stuart
Pasukan
Tentara Potomac	Tentara Virginia Utara
Kekuatan
122,009 114,000 yang bertempur (perkirakan)	78,513 72,500 yang bertempur (perkiraan)
Korban
12,653 1,284 tewas 9,600 terluka 1,769 ditawan/hilang	5,377 608 tewas 4,116 terluka 653 ditawan/hilang

Pertempuran ini diingat sebagai salah satu pertempuran yang paling tidak seimbang dalam perang, dimana korban jiwa dari tentara Uni sebanyak dua kali lipat dari korban jiwa di pihak tentara Konfederasi. Korban jiwa dari pihak Uni sebagian besar terjadi pada area pertempuran yang disebut Marye's Heigths, dimana tentara Uni melakukan serangan frontal ke tentara Konfederasi yang telah membangun pertahanan pada perbukitan di belakang kota. Salah satu orang yang hadir di medan pertempuran mendeskiripsikan pertempuran ini ke Presiden Amerika Serikat Abraham Lincoln sebagai "pembantaian".

Daftar Pustaka

• Alexander, Edward P. Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative. New York: Da Capo Press, 1993. ISBN 0-306-80509-X. First published 1907 by Charles Scribner's Sons.
• Center of Military History. Fredericksburg Staff Ride: Briefing Book. Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History, 2002. OCLC 50210530.
• Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
• Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website.
• Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 2, Fredericksburg to Meridian. New York: Random House, 1958. ISBN 0-394-49517-9.
• Freeman, Douglas S. R. E. Lee, A Biography. 4 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934–35. OCLC 166632575.
• Gallagher, Gary W., ed. The Fredericksburg Campaign: Decision on the Rappahannock. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8078-2193-4.
• Goolrick, William K., and the Editors of Time-Life Books. Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985. ISBN 0-8094-4748-7.
• Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6.
• Marvel, William. Burnside. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8078-1983-2.
• O'Reilly, Francis Augustín. The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8071-3154-7.
• Rable, George C. Fredericksburg! Fredericksburg! Chapel Hill: University Of North Carolina Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8078-2673-1.
• Salmon, John S. The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8117-2868-4.
• Smith, Derek. The Gallant Dead: Union & Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005. ISBN 0-8117-0132-8.
• Tucker, Spencer C. "First Battle of Fredericksburg." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
• Welcher, Frank J. The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations. Vol. 1, The Eastern Theater. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-253-36453-1.
• National Park Service Stephens House Marker

Memoar dan sumber utama

• Livermore, Thomas L., Number and losses in the civil war in America 1861–65. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1901.
• Longstreet, James. From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80464-6. First published in 1896 by J. B. Lippincott and Co.
• Tidball, John C. The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1865. Westholme Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-1594161490.
• U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1, Vol. XXI, Part 1, and Vol. XIX, Part II, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

Further reading

• Catton, Bruce. Mr. Lincoln's Army. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1951. ISBN 0-385-04310-4.
• Evans, Clement A., ed. Confederate Military History: A Library of Confederate States History. 12 vols. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899. OCLC 833588.
• Glatthaar, Joseph T. General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse. New York: Free Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-684-82787-2.
• Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. ISBN 0-252-00918-5.
• Mackowski, Chris, and Kristopher D. White. Simply Murder: The Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2012. ISBN 978-1-61121-146-7.
• Schultz, Duane P. The Fate of War: Fredericksburg, 1862. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-1-59416-145-2.
• Wert, Jeffry D. The Sword of Lincoln: The Army of the Potomac. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. ISBN 0-7432-2506-6.