Perundingan Pembatasan Senjata Strategis
Perundingan Pembatasan Persenjataan Strategis (bahasa Inggris: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, disingkat SALT) adalah perundingan yang dilakukan Amerika dan Uni Soviet tentang kontrol senjata. Perundingan ini mengahasilkan perjanjian SALT I dan SALT II.
Negosiasi pertama dimulai di Helsinki, Finlandia, pada tanggal 17 November 1969, hingga Mei 1972.[1] SALT I menghasilkan Perjanjian: pembatasan terhadap sistem pertahanan antipeluru kendali; pembatasan senjata-senjata strategis ofensif; seperti Peluru Kendali Balistik Antarbenua dan Peluru Kendali Balistik yang diluncurkan dari laut atau kapal.[2] Perjanjian ini ditandatangani oleh Presiden Amerika Serikat: Richard Nixon, dan Sekretaris jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet: Leonid Breshnev, pada tanggal 26 Mei 1972.
Setelah SALT I ditandatangani pada 26 Mei 1972, maka SALT II adalah kelanjutan dari perundingan SALT I oleh Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet yang berlangsung dari tahun 1972 hingga 1979. pada 18 Juni 1979, perjanjian SALT II ditandatangani di Istana Hofburg oleh Leonid Brezhnev dan Jimmy Carter.[3]
Perundingan ini berusaha untuk membatasi pembuatan senjata nuklir strategis.
Lihat pula
Catatan
- ^ Paterson, Thomas G (2009). American foreign relations: a history. Vol. 2 Vol. 2 (dalam bahasa English) (edisi ke-7). Wadsworth. hlm. 376. ISBN 9780547225692. OCLC 553762544.
- ^ Sh. Musthofa Suryandari, Tutik Mulyati (2009). Sejarah; Bab III; Hubungan Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. hlm. 121. ISBN 978-979-068-061-6.
- ^ Schram, Martin (19 June 1979). "Carter and Brezhnev Sign SALT II". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 23 March 2017.
Bibliografi
- Ambrose, Matthew, The Control Agenda: A History of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2018). [1]
- Burr, William (ed.), The Secret History of The ABM Treaty, 1969-1972, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 60, The National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 8 November 2001, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB60/index.html
- Calvo-Goller Karin and Calvo Michel, The SALT AGREEMENTS: Content, Application, Verification, Brill, 1987, 428 p, [2] pada Google Books
- Clearwater, John Murray, Johnson, McNamara, and the Birth of SALT and the ABM Treaty, 1963-1969 (Dissertation.Com, 1999) ISBN 978-1581120622
- Garthoff, Raymond L., "Negotiating SALT," Wilson Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 5, Autumn 1977, pp. 76–85, JSTOR 40255284
- Garthoff, Raymond L., Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1994), esp. pgs. 146-223
- Haslam, Jonathan and Theresa Osborne, SALT I: The Limitations of Arms Negotiations. U.S.-Soviet Talks Leading to the Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, 1969-1972, Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 1987
- Mahan, Erin R. and Edward C. Keefer (eds.), Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXXII, SALT I, 1969–1972 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2010),
- Newhouse, John, Cold Dawn: The Story of SALT (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973)
- Payne, Samuel B. The Soviet Union and SALT (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1980)
- Savel'yev, Alexander' G. and Nikolay N. Detinov, The Big Five: Arms Control Decision-Making in the Soviet Union (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995)
- Smart, Ian. "The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks." The World Today, vol. 26, no. 7, 1970, pp. 296–305. JSTOR 40394395
- Smith, Gerard C., Doubletalk: The Story of SALT I by the Chief American Negotiator (New York: Doubleday, 1980)
- Smith, Gerard C., Disarming Diplomat: The Memoirs of Ambassador Gerard C. Smith, Arms Control Negotiator (Toronto, Ontario: Madison Books, 1996)
- Tal, David. " 'Absolutes' and 'Stages' in the Making and Application of Nixon’s SALT Policy." Diplomatic History 37.5 (2013): 1090-1116.
- Tal, David, US Strategic Arms Policy in the Cold War: Negotiation and Confrontation over SALT, 1969-1979 (New York: Routledge, 2017). [3]
- Talbott, Strobe, Endgame: The Inside Story of Salt II (New York: Harpercollins, 1979)