Fakhruddin ar-Razi
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Fakhruddin Ar-Razi (bahasa Persia: فخر الدين رازي) (26 Januari 1150 - 29 Maret 1210) sering dikenal dengan julukan Sultan para teolog, adalah seorang Persia[7][8] polymath, Islamic scholar[9][10] and a pioneer of inductive logic.[11] He wrote various works in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, astronomy, cosmology, literature, theology, ontology, philosophy, history and jurisprudence. He was one of the earliest proponents and skeptics that came up with the concept of Multiverse, and compared it with the astronomical teachings of Quran.[12][13] A rejector of the geocentric model and the Aristotelian notions of a single universe revolving around a single world, Al-Razi argued about the existence of the outer space beyond the known world.[13][14]
Fakhruddin Ar-Razi | |
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| Gelar | Shaykh al-Islām, al-Fakhr al-Razi, Sultan al-Mutakallimin (Sultan para Teolog),[1] and Imam or Shaykh al-Mushakkikin (the Imam or Teacher of the Skeptics).[2] |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 26 Januari 1150 Ray, Iran |
| Meninggal | 29 Maret 1210 (usia 61)[5] Herat, Afganistan |
| Agama | Islam |
| Zaman | Zaman Kejayaan Islam |
| Wilayah | Persia |
| Denominasi | Sunni |
| Mazhab | Shafi'i[3] |
| Kredo | Ash'ari[3][4] |
| Minat utama | Tafsir, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, Rhetoric, Kalam, Islamic Philosophy, Logic, Astronomy, Cosmology, Ontology, Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, Anatomy |
| Karya terkenal | Tafsir Ar-Razi, Asas al-Taqdis |
| Pekerjaan | Sarjana dan Ilmuwan |
| Pemimpin Muslim | |
Dipengaruhi oleh | |
Pengaruh | |
Al-Razi was born in Rey, Iran, and died in Herat, Afghanistan. He left a very rich corpus of philosophical and theological works that reveals influence from the works of Avicenna, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī and al-Ghazali. Two of his works titled Mabāhith al-mashriqiyya fī ‘ilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa-'l-tabi‘iyyāt (Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics) and al-Matālib al-‘Aliya (The Higher Issues) are usually regarded as his most important philosophical works.[15]
Referensi
- ^ Peter Adamson (7 July 2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. hlm. 315. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1.
- ^ Omar, Irfan (2013). Islam and Other Religions: Pathways to Dialogue. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 113. ISBN 9781317998525. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-02.
- ^ a b Mirza, Younus Y. (2014-02-01). "Was Ibn Kathīr the 'Spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 16 (1): 1. doi:10.3366/jqs.2014.0130. ISSN 1465-3591.
- ^ Ovamir Anjum, Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan Moment, p 143. ISBN 1107014069
- ^ Al-Dhahabi: al-Ibr, Vol.3, p.142
- ^ "BORHĀN-AL-DĪN NASAFĪ". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 Oct 2020.
In spite of his adherence to the Hanafite school of law, he clearly inclined to Asḥʿarism in theology and was an admirer of Ḡazālī and Faḵr-al-Dīn Rāzī.
- ^ Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, V.; Williams, Th.R.; Bracher, K.; Jarrell, R.; Marché, J.D.; Ragep, F.J., ed. (2014). Biographical encyclopedia of astronomers (edisi ke-2nd). hlm. 692. ISBN 978-1-4419-9918-4.
- ^ Frye, R.N., ed. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume 4 (edisi ke-Repr.). London: Cambridge U.P. hlm. 480. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
- ^ Richard Maxwell Eaton, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760, University of California Press,1996, - Page 29
- ^ Shaikh M. Ghazanfar, Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the Great Gap in European Economics, Routledge, 2003 [1]
- ^ "Philosophy".
- ^ John Cooper (1998), "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)", Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge, diakses tanggal 2010-03-07
- ^ a b Adi Setia (2004), "Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi on Physics and the Nature of the Physical World: A Preliminary Survey", Islam & Science, 2, diakses tanggal 2010-03-02
- ^ Williams, Matt (11 January 2016). "What Is The Geocentric Model Of The Universe?". Universe Today. Diakses tanggal 3 October 2020.
This was followed by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s (1149–1209) publication of his treatise Matalib, which dealt with conceptual physics. In it, he rejected the notion of the Earth’s centrality within the universe and instead proposed a cosmology in which there were a “thousand thousand worlds beyond this world…”
- ^ Taylor, Richard; Lopez-farjeat, Luis Xavier, ed. (2013). "God and Creation in al-Razi's Commentary on the Qur'an". The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. hlm. 9. ISBN 9780415881609.
Bibliografi
Untuk kehidupan dan tulisannya, lihat:
- G.C. Anawati, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi in The Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edition, ed. by H.A.R. Gibbs, B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, C. Bosworth et al., 11 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960–2002) vol. 2, pp. 751–5.
Untuk tulisan astrologi-magisnya, lihat:
- Manfred Ullmann, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abteilung I, Ergänzungsband VI, Abschnitt 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972), pp. 388–390.
Untuk risalah nya tentang Fisiognomi, lihat:
- Yusef Mourad, La physiognomie arabe et le Kitab al-firasa de Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (Paris, 1939).
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