Sinema Afrika
Sinema Afrika adalah produksi film di Afrika. Sinema tersebut bermula pada awal abad ke-20, ketika reel-reel film menjadi teknologi sinematik utama yang digunakan. Industri film Nigeria adalah industri film terbesar di Afrika dalam hal nilai, jumlah film tahunan, pendapatan dan ketenaran.[1][2] Industri film tersebut juga merupakan industri film nasional terbesar kedua dan ketiga di dunia, yang masing-masing berdasarkan pada jumlah film tahunan[2] dan pendapatan.[3]
Sutradara wanita
Etnolog dan pembuat film Safi Faye adalah sutradara film wanita Afrika pertama yang meraih pengakuan internasional.
Pada 1972, Sarah Maldoror membuat filmnya Sambizanga tentang perang 1961–74 di Angola. Wanita Afrika yang selamat dari perang tersebut adalah subyek dari dokumenter Les Oubliées (Wanita yang terlupakan), yang dibuat oleh Anne-Laure Folly pada 20 tahun kemudian. Pada 1995, Wanjiru Kinyanjui membuat film fitur The Battle of the Sacred Tree di Kenya.
Pada 2008, Manouchka Kelly Labouba menjadi wanita pertama dalam sejarah sinema Gabon yang menyutradarai sebuah film fiksi. Film pendeknya Le Divorce menampilkan tentang nilai-nilai tradisional dan modern pada perceraian seorang pasangan muda Gabon.
Sutradara menurut negara
- Angola: Zézé Gamboa[4]
- Benin: Jean Odoutan, Idrissou Mora Kpai
- Burkina Faso: Idrissa Ouedraogo, Gaston Kaboré, Dani Kouyaté, Fanta Régina Nacro, Pierre Yameogo, Sanou Kollo, Pierre Rouamba, Drissa Touré, Pierre Yaméogo, Apolline Traore
- Kamerun: Jean-Pierre Bekolo, Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa, Bassek Ba Kobhio, Jean-Pierre Dikongue, François Woukoache, Francis Taptue, Jean-Marie Teno
- Chad: Issa Serge Coelo, Mahamat Saleh Haroun
- Pantai Gading: Desiré Ecaré, Fadika Kramo Lancine, Roger Gnoan M'Bala, Jacques Trabi, Sidiki Bakaba, Henri Duparc, Akissi Delta, Marie-Louise Asseu
- Republik Demokratik Kongo: Zeka Laplaine,[5] Mwezé Ngangura, Mamadi Indoka, Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda, Joseph Kumbela
- Mesir: Salah Abu Seif, Youssef Chahine, Yousry Nasrallah, Ezzel Dine Zulficar, Sherif Arafa, Khaled Youssef, Marwan Hamed, Mohamed Khan, Shady Abdel Salam, Khairy Beshara, Samir Seif, Nader Galal, Ali Abdel Khaleq, Ashraf Fahmy, Radwan El Kashef, Hady El Bagoury, Ali Ragab, Hala Khaleel, Ehab Lamey, Adel Adeeb, Tarek Al Erian, Atef El-Tayeb, Dawood Abdel Said, Ehab Mamdouh, Sandra Nashaat
- Etiopia: Haile Gerima, Yemane Demissie, Salem Mekuria[6]
- Gabon: Imunga Ivanga, Pierre-Marie Dong, Henri Joseph Koumba Bibidi, Charles Mensah
- Ghana: Kwaw Ansah, John Akomfrah, King Ampaw, Chris Hesse, Jim Awindor, Tom Ribeiro, Ernest Abeikwe, Ajesu, Leila Djansi, Sheiley Frimpong, Halaru B. Wandagou, Nii Kwate Owoo[7]
- Guinea: Mohamed Camara, David Achkar, Cheik Doukouré, Cheick Fantamady Camara, Gahité Fofana, Mama Keïta
- Guinea-Bissau: Flora Gomes
- Kenya: Wanuri Kahiu, Judy Kibinge, Jane Munene, Anne Mungai, Wanjiru Kinyanjui, Jim Chuchu
- Mali: Souleymane Cissé, Cheick Oumar Sissoko, Abdoulaye Ascofare, Adama Drabo, Manthia Diawara
- Mauritania: Med Hondo, Abderrahmane Sissako, Sidney Sokhana
- Niger: Oumarou Ganda
- Nigeria: Ola Balogun, Kunle Afolayan, Izu Ojukwu, Eddie Ugboma, Amaka Igwe, Zeb Ejiro, Lola Fani-Kayode, Bayo Awala, Greg Fiberesima, Jide Bello, Billy Kings, Tunde Kelani
- Rwanda: Eric Kabera, Kivu Ruhorahoza
- Senegal: Ousmane Sembène, Djibril Diop Mambéty, Safi Faye, Ben Diogaye Beye, Mansour Sora Wade, Moussa Sène Absa, Bouna Medoune Seye, Tidiane Aw, Moussa Bathily, Ben Diogaye Bèye, Clarence Thomas Delgado, Ahmadou Diallo, Dyana Gaye, Ababacar Samb Makharam, Ousmane William Mbaye, Samba Félix Ndiaye, Moustapha Ndoye, Joseph Gaï Ramaka, Blaise Senghor, Thierno Faty Sow, As Thiam, Momar Thiam, Moussa Touré, Mahama Johnson Traoré, Paulin Soumanou Vieyra, Mansour Sora Wade, Ibrahima Sarr, Alain Gomis
- Somalia: Abdisalam Aato, Abdulkadir Ahmed Said, Idil Ibrahim
- Sudan: Gadalla Gubara
- Afrika Selatan: Lionel Ngakane, Gavin Hood, Zola Maseko, Kantinka Heyns, Neill Blomkamp, Seipati Bulani-Hopa, Mickey Dube, Oliver Hermanus, William Kentridge, Teddy Matthera, Morabane Modise, Sechaba Morejele
- Togo: Anne Laure Folly
- Uganda: Usama Mukwaya, Mariam Ndagire, George Stanley Nsamba, Matt Bish, Carol Kamya, Jacqueline Rose Kawere Nabagereka
- Zimbabwe: M. K. Asante, Jr., Tsitsi Dangarembga
Film tentang sinema Afrika
- Caméra d'Afrique, Sutradara: Férid Boughedir, Tunisia/Prancis, 1983
- Les Fespakistes, Sutradara: François Kotlarski, Eric Münch, Burkina Faso/Prancis, 2001
- This Is Nollywood, Sutradara: Franco Sacchi, 2007
Lihat pula
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Referensi
- ^ "Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second largest film producer – UN". United Nations. 2009-05-05. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-26.
- ^ a b "Nigeria's Nollywood eclipsing Hollywood in Africa". The Independent. 15 Mei 2010. Diakses tanggal 2010-11-24.
- ^ "Crumbling Cinema Culture". This Day Newspaper. This Day Live. 3 Maret 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 Maret 2015.
- ^ Biography, African Film Festival, New York.
- ^ Thackway (2003). Africa Shoots Back. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2010.
- ^ "Salem Mekuria", Women Make movies.
- ^ Maureen Abotsi, "Nii Kwate Owoo", GhanaNation, 13 September 2013.
Daftar pustaka
- Mahir Şaul and Ralph Austen (eds), Viewing African Cinema in the Twenty-First Century: Art Films and the Nollywood Video Revolution, Ohio University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8214-1931-1
- Roy Armes: Dictionary of African Filmmakers, Indiana University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-253-35116-2
- Barlet, Olivier (2000). African Cinemas: Decolonizing the Gaze. London; New York: Zed Books. ISBN 1856497429.
- Pfaff, Françoise (2004). Focus on African Films. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253216687.
- Fernando E. Solanas, Octavio Getino, "Towards a Third Cinema" in: Bill Nichols (ed.), Movies and Methods. An Anthology, University of California Press, 1976, pp. 44–64
- Ukadike, Nwachukwu Frank (1994). Black African cinema. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0520077474.
- Africultures: see www.africultures.com (French and English)
- Samuel Lelievre (ed.), "Cinémas africains, une oasis dans le désert?", CinémAction, no. 106, Paris, Télérama/Corlet, 1st trimester 2003
- Écrans d'Afriques (1992–1998) – French and English – to read on www.africine.org or www.africultures.com
- Halhoul, Khalid (2012-07-03). "Using African Cinema to Shift Cultural Perceptions". Utne Reader. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-12.
Pranala luar
- The Heavy Flag of Pan-African Cinema
- Harvard Film Archive
- African Cinema in the 1990s Diarsipkan 2006-06-13 di Wayback Machine.
- African Media Program – comprehensive database of African media
- Library of African Cinema in California
- Panafrican Film and TV Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO)
- Wiki of the African Film Festival of Tarifa Diarsipkan 2012-10-14 di Wayback Machine.
- http://www.utne.com/african-cinema-shift-cultural-perceptions.aspx Diarsipkan 2013-07-03 di Wayback Machine.
- Pan-African Film Festival, Cannes
- "Top African Film Directors in Alphabetical order", Africapedia