Frederick Russell Burnham
Frederick Russell Burnham DSO (11 Mei 1861 – 1 September 1947) adalah seorang tokoh kepanduan dan penjelajah dunia Amerika. Ia dikenal untuk jasanya di Perusahaan Afrika Selatan Britania, kemudian Tentara Britania di kolonial Afrika, dan untuk pengajaran kerajinan kayu kepada Robert Baden-Powell, menjadi salah satu inspirasi pembangunan Gerakan Kepanduan internasional.
Frederick Russell Burnham | |
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Julukan | |
Lahir | Tivoli, Minnesota (teritorial India Sioux; dekat Mankato, Minnesota) | 11 Mei 1861
Meninggal | 1 September 1947 Santa Barbara, California | (umur 86)
Dikebumikan | Three Rivers, California (36°25′18″N 118°54′17″W / 36.42180°N 118.90470°W) |
Pengabdian | warga A.S.; kepanduan untuk Perusahaan Afrika Selatan Britania dan Tentara Britania di Afrika bagian selatan |
Lama dinas |
|
Pangkat | Mayor [3][4] |
Komandan | Ketua Kepanduan dibawah Lord Roberts |
Perang/pertempuran | |
Penghargaan | |
Pasangan |
|
Hubungan |
|
Pekerjaan lain | Kurir, penjelajah India, penambang emas, oil man, penerbang AS, Bapak gerakan Kepanduan internasional, Penghargaan Desan Presiden Roosevelt (Arizona) Boy Scouts of America |
Kehidupan awal
Burnham lahir pada tanggal 11 Mei 1861 di reservasi Indian Sioux di Minnesota, dari keluarga misionaris yang tinggal dekat kota perintis kecil Tivoli (sekarang tidak ada), sekitar 20 mil (32 km) dari Mankato.[5]
Daftar pustaka
- — (1926). Scouting on Two Continents. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-1-879356-31-3.
- — (1927). "The Remarks of Major Frederick R. Burnham". Historical Society of Southern California. 13 (4): 334–352. doi:10.2307/41168823.
- —; Banning, William; Banning, George Hugh (1930). "Foreword". Six Horses. New York: Century. OCLC 1744707.
- — (1930). "The howl for cheap Mexican labor". Dalam Grant, Madison; Charles Stewart, Davison. The Alien in Our Midst; Or, "Selling Our Birthright for a Mess of Pottage"; the Written Views of a Number of Americans (Present and Former) on Immigration and Its Results. New York: Galton Publishing. hlm. 44–48. OCLC 3040493.
- — (1931). "Scouting Against the Apache". Dalam West, James E. The Boy Scout's Book of True Adventure: their own story of famous exploits and adventures told by honorary scouts. New York: Putman. OCLC 8484128.
- — (1933). "Taps for the Great Selous". Dalam Grinnell, George Bird; Roosevelt, Kermit; Cross, W. Redmond; Gray, Prentiss N. Hunting Trails on Three Continents; a Book of the Boone and Crockett Club. New York: The Derrydale Press. OCLC 1624738.
- — (July 1938). "Madison Grant (Eulogy)". Boone and Crockett Club. Boone and Crockett Club: 29–31. ISSN 1048-3586.
- — (1944). Taking Chances. Los Angeles, California: Haynes. ISBN 978-1-879356-32-0.
- — (November 1945). "The Fire that shall Never Die". Boy's Life. Boy Scouts of America: 7, 35. ISSN 0006-8608.
Catatan
Catatan kaki
Catatan kutipan
- ^ Davis 1906, hlm. 192.
- ^ West 1932, hlm. 49.
- ^ Illustrated London News 1902, hlm. 44.
- ^ The Times 1926, hlm. 10.
- ^ Burnham 1926, hlm. 1–2.
- Davis, Richard Harding (1906). Real Soldiers of Fortune. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-87364-239-2.
Referensi
- Baden-Powell, Robert (1899). Aids to scouting for N.-C.Os. & men. London: Gale & Polden. OCLC 316520848.
- Baden-Powell, Robert (1884). Reconnaissance and scouting. A practical course of instruction, in twenty plain lessons, for officers, non-commissioned officers, and men. London: W. Clowes and Sons. OCLC 9913678.
- Baden-Powell, Robert (1908). Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship. London: H. Cox. ISBN 978-0-486-45719-2.
- Barnes, John (1990). Filming the Boer War. Beginnings of the Cinema in England, 1894–1901, v. 4. London: Bishopgate. ISBN 1-85219-046-9.
- Barrett, Cathy J.; Valiance, Heather (1999). "The Wild West Show: Socio-historic Spectacle and Characters as Circus". Victoria, Australia: Australasian Drama Studies, La Trobe University.
- Baxter, T.W. (1970). Guide to the Historical Manuscripts in the National Archives of Rhodesia. Salisbury, Rhodesia.
- Birchard, Robert S. (2004). Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8018-6275-5.
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- Bradford, Mary E.; Bradford, Richard H. (1993). An American Family on the African Frontier: The Burnham Family Letters, 1893–1896. Niwot, Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBN 978-1-879373-66-2.
- Bradford, Richard H. (1984). Frederick Russell Burnham, the British Empire's American Scout. American Historical Society Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.
- Brelsford, W. V., ed. (1954). "First Records—No. 6. The Name 'Rhodesia'". The Northern Rhodesia Journal. Lusaka: Northern Rhodesia Society. II (4): 101–102.
- Britt, Albert (1923). "Chapter 3. The Last of the Scouts". The Boys' own Book of Adventurers. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 4585632.
- Bryant, H. C. (1915). "Organizations Defending Wild Life". California Fish and Game. ISSN 0008-1078.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell (January 8–9, 1895). "Shangani Patrol". Westminster Gazette. London: Edward Tyas Cook.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell (1899). "Northern Rhodesia". Dalam Wills, Walter H. Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. hlm. 177–180.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell (1926). Scouting on Two Continents. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. ISBN 978-0-86920-126-8. OCLC 407686.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell. "Scouting on Two Continents (Typescript, n.d)". Frederick Russell Burnham Papers, 1864–1951 (inclusive). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University. mssa.ms.0115. Box 14, Folders 1–4.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell (1944). Taking Chances. Los Angeles: Haynes. ISBN 978-1-879356-32-0. OCLC 2785490.
- Burnham, M. Howard (1912). Modern Mine Valuation. London, C. Griffin and Company, limited. ISBN 978-1-151-74631-3.
- Burnham, Roderick Henry (1884). Genealogical Records of Thomas Burnham, the Emigrant, who was Among the Early Settlers at Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. America, and His Descendants. Hartford, Connecticut: Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co.
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- Davis, Clark (2001). Company Men: White-Collar Life and Corporate Cultures in Los Angeles, 1892–1941. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6275-5.
- Davis, Richard Harding (1906). "Chapter VI. Major Burnham, Chief of Scouts". Real Soldiers of Fortune. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-87364-239-2.
- DeGroot, E. B. (1944). "Veteran Scout". Boys' Life. Boy Scouts of America.
- Donovan, Charles Henry Wynne (1894). With Wilson in Matabeleland, Or, Sport and War in Zambesia. London: Henry and Company. ISBN 978-0-86920-180-0.
- Du Toit, Stefanns Jacobus (1897). "How Wilson And His Men Perished". Rhodesia, Past and Present. London: Heinemann.
- Ehrenclou, V. L (1925). "Major Burnham — The Scout". Union Oil Bulletin. Los Angeles: Union Oil Co. of California: 1–11, 19. OCLC 12064434.
- Elliott, John (2004). "King of Scouts Honored at Gravesite". Kaweah Commonwealth Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-06. Diakses tanggal June 23, 2013.
- Everett, Mary Nixon (July–August 1952). "Dedication of Mount Burnham". The Masterkey. Southwest Museum. 26 (4).
- Farwell, Byron (2001). The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-04770-7.
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- Hamilton College, ed. (1874). "Obituary Record for 1873-4". 63rd Annual Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Hamilton College, 1874-75. Clinton, NY: Roberts & Co.
- Hammond, John Hays (1921). "South African Memories: Rhodes — Barnato — Burnham". Scribner's Magazine. LXIX: 257–277.
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- Templat:Cite CAB
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- Lott, Jack (1972). "Burnham, Chief of Scouts". Dalam Bell, E.G.; Lott, Jack; James, Garry. Guns & Ammo 1973 Annual. Los Angeles: Peterson Publishing Co. OCLC 27427113.
- Lott, Jack (1981). "Chapter 8. The Making of a Hero: Burnham in the Tonto Basin". Dalam Boddington, Craig. America— The Men and Their Guns That Made Her Great. Los Angeles, California: Petersen Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8227-3022-4.
- Lott, J. P. (1976). "Major F R Burnham, DSO: A Vindication". Rhodesiana. Salisbury: The Rhodesiana Society (35). ISSN 0556-9605. OCLC 1904759.
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- Money, R. R. (August 1962). "Epic of Africa". Blackwood's Magazine. v291: 42–52. ISSN 0006-436X.
- Money, R. R. (January 1962). "The Greatest Scout". Blackwood's Magazine. v292: 169–82. ISSN 0006-436X.
- Money, R. R. (1962). "The Tonto Basin Feud". Blackwood's Magazine. 291. ISSN 0006-436X.
- Montgomery, Ruth (1967). A Search for the Truth. New York: Fawcett Crest. ISBN 978-0-449-21085-7.
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- Osborn, Henry Fairfield (June 29, 1933). "Serbelodon Burnhami, a new Shovel-Tusker from California" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. American Museum of Natural History (639). Diakses tanggal June 14, 2013.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- O'Reilly, John (1970). Pursuit of the king: an evaluation of the Shangani Patrol in the light of sources read by the author. Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia. ASIN B005TAHXR4.
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- Shippey, Lee (1930). "Frederick Russell Burnham". Folks Ushud Know; Interspersed with Songs of Courage. Sierra Madre, California: Sierra Madre Press. hlm. 23–25. OCLC 2846678.
- Shippey, Lee (February 2, 1930). "Lee Side o' L.A.: Personal Glimpses of Famous Southlanders". The Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035.
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- Tough, Alistair (1985). "Papers of Frederick R. Burnham (1861–1947)". History in Africa. African Studies Association, Hoover Institution Archives. 12. doi:10.2307/3171734. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171734.
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- West, James E. (1932). He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the Boys' Story of Frederick Burnham, the American Scout. New York: Brewer, Warren and Putnam; Boy Scouts of America.
- West, James E. (1937). 10108 H.doc.18. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress, House Committee on Education.
- West, James E. (1935). "Pioneer Trails in Books". Religious Education (July/Oct).
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- "American Scout Escapes". The Atlanta Constitution. April 8, 1900. ISSN 0093-1179.
- "Animals from Africa: Maj Burnham Will Import Wild Beasts for Western Plains". The Washington Post (reprint from New York Herald). March 3, 1911. ISSN 0148-2076.
- "Arizona National Wildlife Refuges". Arizona Highways. Arizona Department of Transportation. 17. 1941. ISSN 0004-1521.
- "Boy Scouts & Cub Scouts Celebrate Anniversary". City of Fulton. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-13. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2013.
- "Burnham, Frederick Russell". Anglo Boer War. Diakses tanggal June 17, 2013. (name search required)
- "Burnham's Services Brought to the Attention of Parliament: He Maintains His Well-known Modesty. His Injuries Received in Africa. Now Living in a London Suburb". The Los Angeles Times. March 2, 1902. ISSN 0458-3035.
- "California Death Index, 1940–1997". State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics. Diakses tanggal August 31, 2013. (name search required)
- "Californians Develop Venezuela Oil Fields". Los Angeles Times. June 19, 1927. ISSN 0458-3035.
- "Chief of Scouts Major Burnham's Adventures". The Times (44450). London. December 9, 1926.
- "Classified Advertising". The Times. London. April 29, 1899.
- "Death of a Rhodesian Pioneer". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. London: Frank Lloyd. October 1, 1899.
- "Dominguez Oil Field Redevelopment: Exploration and Production" (PDF). Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation. 2010. Diakses tanggal August 29, 2013.
- "The Duquesne Spy Ring". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Diakses tanggal June 12, 2013.
- "Ecclesiastical and Clerical". New York Evangelist. 26 (15). April 11, 1855..
- "England's American Scout" (PDF). New York Times via London Chronicle. May 5, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2013.
- "Enroll Westerners for Service in War; Movement to Register Men of That Region Begun at the Rocky Mountain Club. Headed by Major Burnham. John Hays Hammond and Others of Prominence Reported to be Supporting Plan" (PDF). New York Times. March 13, 1917. Diakses tanggal June 30, 2013.
- "Eulogies of Baden-Powell". New York Times. May 19, 1900. ISSN 0362-4331.
- "The Fauna of the British Empire". Science. 71 (1838). March 21, 1930. doi:10.1126/science.71.1838.308. JSTOR 1654708.
- "Feature Detail Report: Mount Baden-Powell". United States Geological Survey. July 9, 2013. Diakses tanggal July 9, 2013.
- "Feature Detail Report: Mount Burnham". United States Geological Survey. July 3, 2013. Diakses tanggal July 3, 2013.
- "Finest Hour" (PDF). Journal of the Churchill Center and Societies, Summer 2005. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2007-08-08. Diakses tanggal June 16, 2013.
- "First Scouting Handbook". Order of the Arrow, Boy Scouts of America. 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-12-11. Diakses tanggal July 31, 2013.
- "Great Canadian Heritage Discoveries". Biographical sketch. The Canadian Anglo-Boer War Museum. 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-03-12. Diakses tanggal March 31, 2007.
- "Guarding Morgan Mines: Burnham's Force also at Guggenheim Properties is report" (PDF). New York Times. April 23, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal September 28, 2007.
- Handbook for Boys (edisi ke-3rd). New Brunswick, NJ: Boy Scouts of America. 1933.
- "Killed the Matabele God: Burnham, the American Scout, May End Uprising" (PDF). New York Times. June 25, 1896. ISSN 0093-1179. Diakses tanggal June 26, 2013.
- "London Gazette". London Gazette (27146). London: T. Neuman. December 22, 1899. hlm. 8541. ISSN 0374-3721. Diakses tanggal June 14, 2013.
- "Maj. Burnham and Family Depart for Africa: Angelenos to Tour World". The Los Angeles Times. May 14, 1929. ISSN 0458-3035.
- "May Import African Animals to Solve Meat Problem" (PDF). New York Times. April 17, 1910. Diakses tanggal September 28, 2007.
- "More South African Honors: Lady Sarah Wilson and Major Burnham, the American Scout, among those decorated" (PDF). New York Times. September 28, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal June 29, 2013.
- "Mr. Taft's Peril; Reported Plot to Kill Two Presidents". Daily Mail. London. October 16, 1909. ISSN 0307-7578.
- "NAACP Founder Charles Edward Russell". Library of Congress. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-24. Diakses tanggal August 11, 2013.
- "NCO and Soldier of the Year Competition: 2003 Winners". United States Army. 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-04-19. Diakses tanggal June 19, 2013.
- "A New Eldorado: Discoveries in West Africa by Major Burnham, England's American Scout" (PDF). New York Times (London Mail). August 12, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331.
- "On My Honor". LDSfilm. August 18, 2004. Diakses tanggal June 25, 2013.
- "Pathetic Loss". The Western Times (17550). Exeter, England. October 4, 1905.
- "Personal". Illustrated London News (3273). London. January 11, 1902. Diakses tanggal August 30, 2012.
- "Plane Line Saves Weeks: American Air Service in Guatemala Carries Odd Passenger List over Hard Country". New York Times. January 17, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331.
- "The Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes – Columbia University. 2013. Diakses tanggal August 11, 2013.
- "Rider Haggard's Tribute". Atlanta Constitution. November 21, 1896. ISSN 0093-1179.
- Press Reference Library: Notables of the West. New York: International News Service. 1915. OCLC 5532411.
- "Scientific Notes and News". Science. 71 (1847). May 23, 1930. doi:10.1126/science.71.1847.533. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1655718.
- Southern Africa Committee (1973). "Film". Southern Africa. New York: Southern Africa Committee. 6. ISSN 0038-3775. OCLC 1781212.
- "Silver Buffalo Award Winners 1939–1930". Boy Scouts of America. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-28. Diakses tanggal June 23, 2013.
- "Southern California by Towns and Counties: Fred Burnham now a Major in British Army; Recovering from His Injuries". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Co. August 4, 1900. ISSN 0458-3035.
- "Railway And Other Companies: Northern Territories (B.S.A.) Exploring Company Limited". The Times (35824). London: R. Nutkins. 1899. ISSN 0140-0460.
- "Roosevelt's Army Has Not Lost Hope; Colonel's Aids from All over the Country Meet and Leave the Future in His Hands" (PDF). New York Times. May 20, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331.
- "Scouting History". 1st Lacock Scout Group. 2013. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2013.
- "Will Not Send Roosevelt; Wilson Not to Avail Himself of Volunteer Authority at Present". New York Times. May 19, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331.
- "A Young South African". The Los Angeles Times. June 6, 1896. ISSN 0458-3035.
Pranala luar
Cari tahu mengenai Frederick Russell Burnham pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
Gambar dan media dari Commons | |
Kutipan dari Wikiquote | |
Teks sumber dari Wikisource | |
Entri basisdata #Q458036 di Wikidata |
- Major Burnham on Pine Tree Web Scouting site Diarsipkan 2006-05-09 di Wayback Machine.
- Frederick Howard Russell Burnham (great grand nephew)
- Burnham Footage of Southern and Eastern Africa Diarsipkan 2007-11-07 di Wayback Machine., 35 min. silent b&w video. Footage shot in South Africa, Rhodesia and eastern Africa during a family trip. Smithsonian Institution archives. call# 85.4.1; AF-85.4.1 (1929)
- Frederick Russell Burnham Papers. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University. A large collection of Burnham's documents: Correspondence, 1864–1947. Subject Files, 1890–1947. Writings, 1893–1946. Personal and Family Papers, 1879–1951. Photographs, ca. 1893–1924.
- Frederick Russell Burnham Papers, 1879–1979, Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University. Another large collection of Burnham's documents: Correspondence, speeches and writings, clippings, other printed matter, photographs, and memorabilia, relating to the Matabele Wars of 1893 and 1896 in Rhodesia, the Second Boer War, exploration expeditions in Africa, and gold mining in Alaska during the Klondike gold rush.
- Major Wilson's Last Stand di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
- Shangani Patrol di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)