Gerakan Hidup Baru
Gerakan Hidup Baru adalah gerakan untuk menghidupkan kembali moralitas tradisional dengan mereformasi perilaku sehari-hari masyarakat Tiongkok yang diluncurkan oleh Chiang Kai-shek di Nanchang pada Februari 1934.[1]
Chiang dan istrinya, Soong Mei-ling, yang memainkan peran utama dalam kampanye, menganjurkan kehidupan yang dipandu oleh empat kebajikan, lǐ (禮/礼, ritus yang tepat), yì (義/义, kebenaran atau keadilan), lián (廉, kejujuran dan bersih dari korupsi), dan chǐ (恥/耻, rasa malu; rasa benar dan salah).[2] Kampanye ini berlangsung dengan bantuan Kelompok Baju Biru dan Kelompok CC di dalam Partai Nasionalis, dan misionaris Kristen di Tiongkok.[3]
Lihat pula
Catatan
- ^ Wennan Liu, Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Juni 2013). "Redefining the Moral and Legal Roles of the State in Everyday Life: The New Life Movement in China in the Mid-1930s" (PDF). Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2021.
- ^ Chiang (1934).
- ^ Schoppa, R. Keith. The Revolution and Its Past (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .
Referensi dan bacaan lanjutan
- Chiang, Kai-shek (1934), "On The Need For a New Life Movement" (Speech 1934) (PDF), reprinted Columbia University - East Asian Curriculum Project
- DeBary, Wm. Theodore, ed. (2000). Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 through the Twentieth Century. II. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231-11271-8.
- Dirlik, Arif (1975), "The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution", Journal of Asian Studies, 34 (4): 945–980, doi:10.2307/2054509, JSTOR 2054509
- Eastman, Lloyd (1974). The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule, 1927-1937. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674001753.
- Heinrichs, Maurus (1936), "Vita nova et vita christiana", Collectanea commissionis synodalis, 9 (1): 39–69
- Li, Laura Tyson (2006). Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China's Eternal First Lady
. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. hlm. 492. ISBN 0871139332. China New Life Movement.
- Liu, Wennan (2013). "Redefining the Moral and Legal Roles of the State in Everyday Life: The New Life Movement in China in the Mid-1930s" (PDF). Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review. 2 (2): 335–365. doi:10.1353/ach.2013.0022
. - "Americans and Ideological Reform: The New Life Movement," in Thomson, James Claude, Jr. (1969). While China Faced West: American Reformers in Nationalist China, 1928-1937 . Cambridge: Harvard University Press., pp. 151– 174.
- Yip, Ka-che (1992). "New Life Movement". Dalam Edwin Pak-wah Leung. Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839-1976. Greenwood Press. hlm. 289–290.
