Catatan kaki
Daftar pustaka
- Burns, Ross (2007). Damascus: A History. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-48850-6.
- Crone, Patricia (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam. 71: 1–57. ISSN 0021-1818.
- Elisséeff, N. (1991). "Mardj Rāhiṭ". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Pellat, Ch. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 544–546. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- Hawting, G.R., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XX: The Collapse of Sufyānid Authority and the Coming of the Marwānids: The Caliphates of Muʿāwiyah II and Marwān I and the Beginning of the Caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik, A.D. 683–685/A.H. 64–66. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-855-3.
- Hawting, G. R. (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (2nd Edition). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24072-7.
- Kennedy, Hugh N. (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
- Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (edisi ke-Second). Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-582-40525-4.
- Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. Diterjemahkan oleh Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.