Perang Gaza (2008-2009)
Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009 merujuk pada konflik yang berlangsung antara Israel dan Hamas, yang terjadi setelah kadaluarsanya gencatan senjata selama 6 bulan.[34] Israel melancarkan serangan udara, disebut Operation Cast Lead (bahasa Ibrani: מבצע עופרת יצוקה, Mivtza Oferet Yetzukah), terhadap Jalur Gaza sebagai balasan atas serangan roket dari Gaza dan Hamas.
Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009 | |||||||
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Bagian dari Konflik Israel-Palestina | |||||||
![]() Wilayah konflik | |||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||
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Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
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Kekuatan | |||||||
176.500 tentara reguler (total)[1] |
10.000[2] 20.000 anggota Hamas di Gaza | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
Jumlah terbunuh: 13[3][4] Tentara: 242[7][8] Warga sipil: 182[9][10] Versi Hamas: Tewas: 227 Terluka: 207[3] Tank: 47 Pesawat tempur: 3 Pesawat tanpa awak: 1[4] |
Jumlah terbunuh: 1.314*[9] | ||||||
Seorang petugas perbatasan Mesir tewas dan tiga petugas perbatasan dan dua anak-anak terluka.[16][17] | |||||||
*Jumlah korban jiwa dan status warga sipil/pejuang di Gaza belum dapat dipastikan secara independen.[19][20][21][22][23] |
Partai-partai berkuasa di Israel menjadikan perang sebagai propaganda menjelang pemilu parlemen Israel pada 10 Februari 2009.[35] Sebuah jajak pendapat yang dilakukan surat kabar Haaretz menunjukkan masyarakat Israel berada di belakang operasi itu. Bahkan, di samping 52 persen yang mendukung serangan udara, ada 19 persen yang mengharapkan serangan darat. Dari semua ini, ada 25 persen yang menganjurkan gencatan senjata secepatnya. Perkembangan ini menyelamatkan popularitas koalisi Partai Kadima (Menteri Luar Negeri Tzipi Livni) dan Partai Buruh (Menteri Pertahanan Ehud Barak), yang melorot ketika menghadapi Benjamin Netanyahu yang ultranasionalis[36].
Dalam perang kali ini faksi yang bergabung adalah Hamas, Front Popular Perjuangan Palestina dan Jihad Islamikserta Front Popular Perjuangan Palestina menyatakan yang bertanggung jawab atas [37] tiga atau lima roket yang dilepaskan dari Libanon menghantam tiga lokasi berbeda di wilayah Galilea Israel utara. Tembakan roket dari luar Palestina itu mencederai dua orang.[38] Israel membalas dengan menembakkan 6 mortir ke arah Libanon. Belum diketahui apakah terdapat korban jiwa dari serangan balasan Israel tersebut.[39]
Pada 17 Januari 2009, Israel secara sepihak menyatakan gencatan senjata dalam konflik tersebut.[40] Dua hari kemudian Hamas turut menyatakan gencatan senjata setelah Israel mengumumkan akan menarik pasukannya dari Jalur Gaza dalam waktu 1 minggu. [41]
Referensi
- ^ The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel, 23 Maret 2008.
- ^ Artikel "Religious war in Gaza" di Ynetnews.com
- ^ Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. 12 Januari 2009. Reuters.
- ^ Israel steps up attacks in Gaza; Hamas indicates it's open to a truce. By Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf. January 13, 2009. LA Times.
- ^ a b "Hamas rocket team leader killed, Israel says". CNN. January 10, 2009.
- ^ Current events. Embassy of Israel in Washington DC. In the middle of the page is a list of four Israelis killed by rocket and mortar fire. One was a soldier killed on a military base inside Israel. This explains the confusion in counting civilian and military dead in some articles.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7832406.stm
- ^ http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1056207.html
- ^ a b c d e f g Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. 19 January 2009. Jan. 19, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[1]
- ^ "Rocket slams into Ashdod kindergarten". Jan 6, 2009. Jerusalem Post. "Four Israelis have been killed, 10 moderately to seriously wounded, and 29 slightly wounded. Another 144 have been treated for shock."
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html Hamas declares victory in Gaza claiming it lost only 48 fighters
- ^ a b Discrepancies over number of Palestinian civilian deaths. Jan. 13, 2009. Jerusalem Post.
- ^ After ceasefire, Israel examines fallout of Gaza war. By Luke Baker. Jan. 18, 2009. Reuters.
- ^ a b 23rd Day of Continuous IOF Attacks on the Gaza Strip. 18 January 2009. Palestinian Center for Human Rights.
- ^ FACTBOX - Developments in Gaza fighting on January 17. January 17, 2009. Reuters.
- ^ סוכנויות הידיעות. "קצין מצרי נהרג מירי אנשי חמאס סמוך למעבר רפיח" (dalam bahasa Hebrew). nana10.co.il. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-01.
- ^ "Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border". 2009-01-11.
- ^ "Gaza homeless toll 'hits 50,000'" news.bcc.co.uk 19 January 2009 Link retrieved 19-01-09
- ^ Israeli human rights groups speak out as death toll passes 1,000. Jan. 15, 2009. Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem and Sarah Boseley. The Guardian
- ^ More than 1,000 killed in Gaza'. Jan. 14, 2009. BBC News.
- ^ The macabre count of a doctor in Gaza. Jan. 11, 2009. Agence France-Presse.
- ^ Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian?. By Heather Sharp. January 5 2009. BBC News.
- ^ Why Israel went to war in Gaza. Jan. 4, 2009. By Chris McGreal in Jerusalem. The Observer.
- ^ "Hamas: 120 police dead, 95% of security buildings demolished and hundreds of civilians slain".
- ^ a b Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. January 14, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[2]
- ^ Israeli Forces Fired on U.N. Aid Convoy 'Truce'. Jan. 8, 2009. CNN.
- ^ Report: 36 new doctors allowed into Gaza. Jan. 11, 2009. Maan News Agency.
- ^ IFEX (January 9, 2009). "Two Israeli channels, BBC permitted brief access to Gaza strip; IFJ denounces "cynical attempt to ensure that media tell the story from the Israeli side only"". ReliefWeb. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-09.
- ^ http://en.rian.ru/world/20090114/119490704.html
- ^ Gaza Tragedy: 280 Children, 76 Women, 97 Elderly Killed Among 905 Martyrs. Jan. 12, 2009. WAFA. Palestine News Agency.
- ^ Half of Gaza dead 'children, women and elderly'.
- ^ Amira Hass, "Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement", Ha'aretz 10-01-2009
- ^ http://www.interfax.com/3/460918/news.aspx
- ^ "TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended". Reuters. 1 Januari 2009. Diakses tanggal 2 Januari 2009.
- ^ http://www.pww.org/article/view/14193 Israeli Communists condemn attacks on Gaza, call for ‘another direction’ toward peace
- ^ Perang Para Politikus, Tempo
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/war_on_gaza/2009/01/200911915455957756.html Palestinian factions united by war
- ^ Artikel "Roket dari Lebanon Hantam Israel" di Kompas.com
- ^ Artikel "Israel Lancarkan Serangan Balasan ke Lebanon" di Kompas.com
- ^ "Israel Declares Cease Fire; Hamas Says It Will Fight On", The New York Times, 17 Januari 2009
- ^ http://www.detiknews.com/read/2009/01/19/045036/1070507/10/israel-tarik-pasukan-hamas-umumkan-gencatan-senjata DetikNews