Referensi
- ^ Philipp Elliot-Wright, Gravelotte-St-Privat 1870: End of the Second Empire, page 36
- ^ Jeremy Black, War in the Nineteenth Century: 1800-1914, page 128
- ^ William Edwards, Notes on European History: 1815-1870, page 301
- ^ Julius von Pflugk-Harttung, Sir John Frederick Maurice, The Franco-German war, 1870-71, page 106
- ^ Henry Smith Williams, The historians' history of the world: a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations from the earliest times as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages, page 150
- ^ "A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library"
- ^ a b Geoffrey Wawro, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871, pages 86-90.
- ^ Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871, page 64
- ^ "FrancoPrussianWar.com History of the Franco Prussian War". francoprussianwar.com. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-11.