Agama di Australia
Agama di Australia beragam. Konstitusi Australia tahun 1901 melarang pemerintahan Persemakmuran mendirikan sebuah gereja atau mengganggu kebebasan beragama;[note 1] namun, populasi Australia umumnya beragama Kristen. Dalam sebuah pertanyaan opsional pada Sensus 2011, 61.1% populasi Australia mendeklarasikan diri berasal dari berbagai aliran Kekristenan. Dalam sejarah, persentasenya jauh lebih tinggi dan lanskap keagamaan di Australia berubah-ubah dan beragam.[2] Selain itu pada 2011, 22.3% dari populasi Australia menyatakan diri "tak beragama" dan 8.6% memilih tidak menjawab pertanyaan tersebut.[2] Sisa populasinya merupakan kelompok yang beragam yang meliputi Buddha (2.5%), Muslim (2.2%), Hindu (1.3%) dan Yahudi (0.5%).[2]
Agama di Australia sesuai yang dideklarasikan dalam sensus (2016)[1]
Kekristenan di Australia
Kekristenan di Australia selalu mengalami perubahan setiap tahunnya. Dari data sensus penduduk Australia tahun 2006 ke tahun 2011, tren perkembangan agama Kristen cenderung menurun. Tahun 2006, penduduk yang mengidentifikasikan dirinya sebagai Kristen adalah 63.9%, tetapi pada tahun 2011 turun menjadi 61.1%.[3] Dan Sensus terbaru tahun 2016 yang dipublikasikan pada tanggal 27 Juni 2017, penganut agama Kristen turun drastis ke 52.1%.[4] Tetapi, sebaliknya jumlah mereka yang tidak beragama naik drasris 269% (dari angka 6.7% pada tahun 1971 menjadi 22.3% pada tahun 2011)
Data National Church Life Survey (NCLS) menunjukkan bahwa selama empat dekade terakhir proporsi orang Australia yang menghadiri gereja setidaknya sekali per bulan telah berkurang lebih dari setengahnya dari 36% (1972) menjadi 15% saat ini. Namun ini masih merupakan proporsi yang signifikan dari populasi Australia dan memang dua kali lebih banyak orang Australia menghadiri gereja setidaknya sekali per bulan (3.495m) daripada menghadiri semua pertandingan AFL, NRL, A League dan Super Rugby gabungan per bulan (1.684m) selama musim sepak bola[5]
| Gereja | Jumlah Jemaat |
2016 (%) |
Jumlah Jemaat |
2011 (%) |
Jumlah Jemaat |
2006 (%) |
Perubahan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katolik Roma | 5.291.800 | 22.6 | 5.397.181 | 25.1 | 5.079.505 | 25.6 | + 317.676 |
| Anglikan | 3.101.200 | 13.3 | 3.679.688 | 17.1 | 3.711.384 | 18.7 | - 31.696 |
| Uniting Church | 870.200 | 3.7 | 1.065.749 | 5.0 | 1.133.679 | 5.7 | - 67.930 |
| Presbiterian dan Reformed | 526.700 | 2.3 | 599.489 | 2.8 | 595.510 | 3.0 | + 3.979 |
| Kristen Independen | 470.898 | 2.2 | 312.211 | 1.6 | + 158.687 | ||
| Ortodoks Yunani | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 383.390 | 1.8 | 374.321 | 1.9 | + 9.069 |
| Gereja Baptis | 345.100 | 1.5 | 352.482 | 1.6 | 316.150 | 1.6 | + 36.332 |
| Lutheran | 174.00 | 0.7 | 251.928 | 1.2 | 250.660 | 1.3 | + 1.268 |
| Pentakosta | 260.600 | 1.1 | 237.991 | 1.1 | 219.266 | 1.1 | + 18.726 |
| Saksi Yahova | 0.4 | 82.5 | 85.637 | 0.4 | 80.732 | 0.4 | + 4.905 |
| Ortodoks Timur | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 63.546 | 0.3 | 61.506 | 0.3 | +2.040 |
| Advent | 62.900 | 0.3 | 62.995 | 0.3 | 55.125 | 0.3 | +7.870 |
| Protestan Lainnya | 60.220 | 0.3 | 55.978 | 0.3 | +4.242 | ||
| Bala Keselamatan | 48.90 | 0.2 | 60.160 | 0.3 | 64.065 | 0.3 | - 3.905 |
| Mormon | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 59.767 | 0.3 | 52.954 | 0.3 | + 6.813 |
| Ortodoks Makedonia | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 52.056 | 0.2 | 48.057 | 0.2 | + 3.999 |
| Churches of Christ | 39.60 | 0.2 | 49.689 | 0.2 | 54.724 | 0.3 | - 5.035 |
| Ortodoks Serbia | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 41.835 | 0.2 | 39.940 | 0.2 | + 1.895 |
| Maronite | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 30.660 | 0.1 | 29.060 | 0.1 | + 1.600 |
| Koptik | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 24.695 | 0.1 | 19.910 | 0.1 | + 4.785 |
| Ortodoks Rusia | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 22.251 | 0.1 | 19.945 | 0.1 | + 2.306 |
| Kristen Lainnya | 833.500 | 3.6 | 27.019 | 0.1 | 23.827 | 0.1 | + 3.192 |
| Brethren | Masuk ke | Kristen Lainnya | 21.733 | 0.1 | 24.209 | 0.1 | - 2.476 |
| TOTAL | 12.201.600 | 52.1 | 13.150.078 | 61.1 | 12.664.574 | 63.9 | + 485.531 |
| Non Kristen | |||||||
| Atheisme | 7.040.700 | 30.1 | 4.796.432 | 22.3 | 3.695.707 | 18.7 | + 1.100.725 |
| Tanpa Berafiliasi | 2.345.500 | 10 | 1.838.740 | 8.6 | 2.216.636 | 11.2 | - 377.896 |
| Buddha | 563.700 | 2.4 | 528.621 | 2.5 | 417.944 | 2.1 | + 110.677 |
| Islam | 604.200 | 2.6 | 475.562 | 2.2 | 339.879 | 1.7 | + 135.683 |
| Hindu | 440.300 | 1.9 | 275.521 | 1.3 | 147.841 | 0.7 | + 127.680 |
| Yahudi | 91.000 | 0.4 | 97.332 | 0.5 | 88.695 | 0.4 | + 8.637 |
| Sikh | 125.900 | 0.5 | 72.296 | 0.3 | 26.396 | 0.1 | + 45.900 |
| Lainnya | 95.700 | 0.4 | 24.404 | 0.1 | 19.884 | 0.1 | + 4.520 |
| TOTAL | 23.401.400 | 100 | 21.504.689 | 100 | 19.812.999 | 100 | + 1.691.690 |
Agama Berdasarkan Wilayah di Australia (2011)[3]
Agama berdasarkan wilayah di Australia adalah hasil sensus tahun 2011.[3] Data dari tahun 2006 ke tahun 2011 mengalami perubahan yang cukup signifikan.
| Wilayah | Jumlah Penduduk |
Kristen % |
Atheisme % |
Tanpa Berafiliasi % |
Buddha % |
Islam % |
Hindu % |
Yahudi % |
Sikh % |
Lainnya % |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New South Wales | 6.917.615 | 64.5 | 17.9 | 7.7 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 100% |
| Victoria | 5.354.031 | 57.5 | 24.0 | 8.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 100% |
| Queensland | 4.332.747 | 64.3 | 22.1 | 9.1 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | - | 100% |
| South Australia | 1.596.588 | 57.3 | 28.1 | 8.9 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | - | 0.3 | 0.1 | 100% |
| Western Australia | 2.239.190 | 58.1 | 25.5 | 9.7 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 Baha'i 0.1 |
100% |
| Tasmania | 495.354 | 59.6 | 28.6 | 9.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | - | Paganisme 0.1 | 100% |
| Northern Territory | 211.966 | 55.5 | 23.9 | 14.5 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | - | 0.1 | Folk Aborigin 1.3 Lainnya 0.1 |
100% |
| Australian Capital Territory | 357.198 | 55.2 | 28.9 | 7.6 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | Paganisme 0.1 | 100% |
| Total | 21.504.689 | 61.1 | 22.3 | 8.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 100% |
Agama di beberapa kota besar di Australia
Agama di beberapa kota besar di Australia menunjukkan keberagaman keyakinan khususnya di kota-kota besar di Australia berdasarkan Sensus 2011 Dan 2016
2011
| Wilayah | Jumlah Penduduk |
Kristen % |
Atheisme % |
Tanpa Berafiliasi % |
Buddha % |
Islam % |
Hindu % |
Yahudi % |
Sikh % |
Lainnya % |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sydney | 4.391.634 | 60.9 | 17.6 | 7.6 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 100% |
| Melbourne | 3.999.958 | 55.5 | 23.5 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 100% |
| Brisbane | 2.066.003 | 62.8 | 22.8 | 8.3 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | - | 100% |
Catatan
- ^ Section 116 states that "The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the Commonwealth."
Referensi
- ^ "of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories of the Cencus, 2016"". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-30. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-04.
- ^ a b c "Cultural diversity in Australia". 2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 April 2016. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2012.
- ^ a b c http://profile.id.com.au/australia/religion
- ^ "of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Cencus, 2016". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-30. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-04.
- ^ "A Demographic Snapshot of Christianity and Church Attenders in Australia". McCrindle (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2014-04-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-20.
Bacaan tambahan
- Berndt, R. M., Australian Aboriginal Religion, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1974 ISBN 90-04-03861-2
- Bouma, Gary, ed. Many Religions All Australian: Religious Settlement, Identity and Cultural Diversity. Melbourne: Christian Research Association, 1997. ISBN 1-875223-14-2
- Carey, Hilary M. Believing in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1992. ISBN 1-86373-950-5
- Eliade, M., Australian Religions: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, London, 1973 ISBN 0-8014-0729-X
- Hilliard, David. "Popular Religion in Australia in the 1950s: A Study of Adelaide and Brisbane." Journal of religious history 15.2 (1988): 219–235.
- Hilliard, David. "The religious crisis of the 1960s: the experience of the Australian churches." Journal of religious history 21.2 (1997): 209–227.
- Hunt, A. D "For God, King, and country": A study of the attitudes of the Methodist and Catholic press in South Australia (1979)
- Jupp, James, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-86407-7
- Lovat, Terence New Studies in Religion. Social Science Press pg 148 (2002)
- O'Brien, Anne. God's Willing Workers: Women and Religion in Australia (University of New South Wales Press, 2005)
- O'Brien, Anne. "Historical overview spirituality and work Sydney women, 1920–1960." Australian Historical Studies 33.120 (2002): 373–388.
- Thompson, Roger C. Religion in Australia: A history (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994), a standard scholarly survey
Anglikan
- B. Kaye, ed., Anglicanism in Australia: a History (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2002)
- T. Frame, A Church for the Nation: a History of the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 2000).
- D. Hilliard, Godliness and Good Order: A History of the Anglican Church in South Australia (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1986)
- S. Judd and K. J. Cable, Sydney Anglicans: A History of the Diocese (Sydney: Anglican Information Office, 1987)
- B. Porter, ed., Melbourne Anglicans: The Diocese of Melbourne 1847–1978 (Melbourne: Mitre Books, 1997
Katolik
- Campion, Edmund. Rockchoppers: Growing Up Catholic in Australia (1983)
- Dixon, Robert E. The Catholics in Australia (1996)
- Hamilton, Celia. "Irish-Catholics of New South Wales and the Labor Party, 1890–1910," Historical Studies: Australia & New Zealand (1958) 8(31): 254–267
- Laffin, Josephine. "'Sailing in Stormy Waters': Archbishop Matthew Beovich and the Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide in the 1960s." Journal of Religious History 34.3 (2010): 289–311.
- McGrath, Sophie. "Women Religious in the History of Australia 1888–1950: a Case Study – the Sisters of Mercy Parramatta," Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society (1995) 81(2): 195–212
- Murtagh, James G. Australia: The Catholic Chapter (1959)
- O'Donoghue, Thomas A. Upholding the Faith: The Process of Education in Catholic Schools in Australia, 1922–1965 (2001)
- O'Farrell, Patrick. The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
Protestan
- Brauer, Alfred. Under the Southern Cross: History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia (Lutheran Publishing House, 1985)
- Ellis, Julie-Ann. "'Cross-Firing over the Gulf': The Rift between Methodism and the Labour Movement in South Australia in the 1890s" Labour History (1993): 89–102. in JSTOR
- Hardgrave, Donlad W. For Such a Time: A History of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia (1988)
- Harrison, John. Baptism of Fire: The first ten years of the Uniting Church in Australia (1986)
- Hunt, Arnold Dudley. This Side of Heaven: A History of Methodism in South Australia (Lutheran Publishing House, 1985)
Pranala luar
- Australian Standard Classification of Religious Groups (ASCRG), 1266.0, 1996
- 1996 Census Dictionary – Religion category
- 2001 Census Dictionary – Religion category
- Year Book Australia, 2006. Religious Affiliation section
- Australia in USA Department of State International Religious Freedom Report
- Hilary M Carey - University of Newcastle (2008). "Religion". Dictionary of Sydney. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2015. (History of Religion in Sydney) [CC-By-SA]