Kekacauan sipil

Kekacauan sipil (bahasa Inggris: civil disorder) mengacu kepada situasi ketika aparat penegak hukum mengalami kesulitan dalam memelihara ketertiban umum.^[1]^[2] Dalam hukum Amerika Serikat, "kekacauan sipil" didefinisikan sebagai "gangguan umum manapun yang melibatkan tindak-tindak kekerasan oleh sekumpulan tiga orang atau lebih, yang menyebabkan bahaya langsung atau mengakibatkan kerusakan atau luka terhadap harta benda atau individu lainnya.”^[3]

Referensi

^ "Field Manual No. 19-15: Civil Disturbances" (PDF). United States Army. Diakses tanggal 3 February 2018.
^ Glossary: Civil Disturbance. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
^ https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/232 18 U.S. Code § 232 - Definitions

Pranala luar

Revolution '67 Film website Diarsipkan 2020-05-29 di Wayback Machine. - Documentary about the Newark, New Jersey race riots of 1967
Brazil uprising points to rise of leaderless networks
D.J. FitzGerald - text published by Elsevier Health Sciences 2006, 952 pages, ISBN 0323032532

[USArmy-1] "Field Manual No. 19-15: Civil Disturbances" (PDF). United States Army. Diakses tanggal 3 February 2018.

[FEMA-2] Glossary: Civil Disturbance. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

[3] ttps://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/232 18 U.S. Code § 232 - Definitions

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