Daftar permaisuri Romawi dan Bizantium
artikel daftar Wikimedia
Permaisuri Romawi adalah permaisuri kaisar Romawi, penguasa Kekaisaran Romawi. Tugas, kekuasaan, dan pengaruh permaisuri bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu tergantung pada periode waktu, politik kontemporer, dan kepribadian suami serta diri mereka sendiri. Para permaisuri biasanya sangat dihormati, dan banyak di antara mereka yang mempunyai pengaruh besar dalam urusan kekaisaran. Beberapa permaisuri terkadang menjabat sebagai wali atas nama suami atau putra mereka dan segelintir orang memerintah sebagai maharani, memerintah kekaisaran dengan hak mereka sendiri tanpa seorang suami.
Maharani yang memerintah dengan haknya sendiri, seperti Irene dan Zōē Porphyrogénnētē, terkadang mengadopsi gelar pria seperti basileus dan autokrator untuk menggambarkan kekuasaan mereka.[1]
Kepangeranan (27 SM – 284 M)
Dinasti Julio-Claudia (27 SM – 68 M)
| Potret | Nama | Ref |
|---|---|---|
|
Livia Drusilla | [2] |
|
Orestilla | [3] [4] [5] |
|
Lollia Paulina | |
|
Milonia Caesonia | |
|
Valeria Messalina | [6] |
|
Agrippina Muda Julia Agrippina |
[7] |
|
Claudia Octavia | [8] |
.jpg)
|
Poppaea Sabina | |
|
Statilia Messalina |
Tahun Empat Kaisar (69)
| Potret | Nama | Ref |
|---|---|---|
|
Galeria Fundana | [9] |
Dinasti Flavian (81–96)
| Potret | Nama | Ref |
|---|---|---|
|
Domitia Longina | [10] |
Dinasti Nerva–Antonine (98–192)
| Potret | Nama | Ref |
|---|---|---|
|
Pompeia Plotina | [11] |
|
Vibia Sabina | [12] |
|
Faustina Tua Annia Galeria Faustina |
[13] |
|
Faustina Muda Annia Galeria Faustina |
[14] |
|
Lucilla Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla |
[15] |
|
Bruttia Crispina | [16] |
Tahun Lima Kaisar (193)
| Potret | Nama | Ref |
|---|---|---|
|
Flavia Titiana | [17] [18] |
.jpg)
|
Manlia Scantilla | [19] |
Referensi
- ^ Garland 1999, hlm. 1–4.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 60.
- ^ Suetonius. "Caligula". De vita.
- ^ Cassius Dio. "Book 59". Historia.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 79.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 84–85.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 86–87.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 90–93.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 100.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 112.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 120.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 125–126.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 130.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 137.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 138.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 144.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 145.
- ^ Birley 2005, hlm. 174.
- ^ Kienast & Eck Heil, hlm. 148.
Bibliografi utama
- Garland, Lynda (1999). Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527–1204. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14688-7.
- Grierson, Philip (1962). "The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337–1042)". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 16. doi:10.2307/1291157. JSTOR 1291157.
- Jeffreys, Michael, ed. (2016). Prosopography of the Byzantine World. King's College London. ISBN 978-1-908951-20-5.
- Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- Kienast, Dietmar; Werner Eck; Matthäus Heil (2017). Römische Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie (dalam bahasa Jerman) (edisi ke-6th). Darmstadt: WBG. ISBN 978-3-534-26724-8.
- Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; et al. (2001). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit (dalam bahasa Jerman). BBAW: De Gruyter.
- Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M.; Morris, John, ed. (1971–1992). Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. Cambridge University Press.
- Martindale, J.R.; et al. (2001). Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire. ISBN 978-1-897747-32-2.
- Nicol, Donald M. (1994). The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits, 1250-1500. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45531-2.
- Trapp, Erich; et al. (2001). Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit (dalam bahasa German). Vienna: ÖAW. ISBN 978-3-7001-1462-8.
- Varzos, Konstantinos (1984). Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών [I Genealogía ton Komninón] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Greek). A1. Thessaloniki: Centre for Byzantine Research. OCLC 834784634. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 1 April 2019.
Bibliografi kedua
- Angelov, Dimiter (2019). The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48071-0.
- Beihammer, Alexander; et al. (2013). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-25815-0.
- Bellinger, Alfred Raymond (1999). Catalogue of Byzantine Coins. 4. Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-233-6.
- Birley, Anthony R. (2005). The Roman Government of Britain. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-925237-4.
- Burgess, R.W. (1994). "The Accession of Marcian in the Light of Chalcedonian Apologetic and Monophysite Polemic". ByzZ. 86/87: 47–68.
- Cameron, Alan (1988). "Flavius: a Nicety of Protocol". Latomus. 47 (1): 26–33. JSTOR 41540754.
- Evans, Helen C., ed. (2004). Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261-1557). Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-113-1.
- Garland, Lynda (2006). "Mary of Alania". Byzantine Women. Ashgate. hlm. 91–123. ISBN 978-0-7546-5737-8.
- Grierson, Philip; Mays, Melinda (1992). Catalogue of Late Roman Coins: From Arcadius and Honorius to the Accession of Anastasius. Dumbarton Oaks. hlm. 7. ISBN 9780884021933.
- Grumel, Venance (1936). "La chronologie des événements du règne de Léon VI (886-912)". Revue des études byzantines (dalam bahasa Prancis). 35 (181): 5–42. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1936.2854.
- Kajava, Mika (1984). "The Name of Cornelia Orestina/Orestilla". Arctos. 18: 23–30.
- Iovine, Giulio (2018). "New textual perspectives on the Feriale Duranum". Analecta Papyrologica. 30: 65–78.
- Leeming, David (2005). Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-028888-4.
- Murata, Koji; et al. (2021), "Cometary records revise Eastern Mediterranean chronology around 1240 CE", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 73: 197–204, arXiv:2012.00976
, doi:10.1093/pasj/psaa114 - Macrides, Ruth (2007). George Akropolites: The History – Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921067-1.
- Niavis, Pavlos (1984). The Reign of the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I (802–811) (Tesis PhD). University of Edinburgh. https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/6859/1/351669.pdf.
- Templat:The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos
- Oikonomides, Nicolas (1977). "John VII Palaeologus and the Ivory Pyxis at Dumbarton Oaks". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 31: 329–337. doi:10.2307/1291411. JSTOR 1291411.
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