Modul Peluncur Granat M320
Modul Peluncur Granat M320 (GLM) adalah sebutan militer A.S untuk sistem tembakan tunggal 40 mm peluncur granat baru untuk menggantikan M203[2][3] untuk AS. Angkatan Darat, sementara angkatan lain pada awalnya tetap menggunakan M203 yang lebih lama. M320 menggunakan Sistem Propulsi Tinggi-Rendah yang sama dengan M203.
| M320 Grenade Launcher Module | |
|---|---|
 Standalone M320 with detachable buttstock | |
| Jenis | Grenade launcher |
| Negara asal | Germany and United States |
| Sejarah pemakaian | |
| Masa penggunaan | 2009–present |
| Digunakan oleh | See Users |
| Pada perang | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine |
| Sejarah produksi | |
| Tahun | 2008 |
| Produsen | Heckler & Koch Capco Inc. |
| Biaya produksi | US$3500[1] |
| Diproduksi | 2008 |
| Varian | M320, M320A1 |
| Spesifikasi | |
| Berat | 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) |
| Panjang | 350 mm (13.7 in.) |
| Panjang laras | 280 mm (11 in.) |
| Peluru | 40x46mm SR |
| Mekanisme | Single-shot, double-action |
| Rata² tembakan | 5 to 7 rounds per minute |
| Kecepatan peluru | 76 m/s (250 ft/s) |
| Jarak efektif | 150 m (490 ft) (point) 350 m (1.150 ft) (area) |
| Jarak jangkauan | 400 m (1.300 ft) |
| Amunisi | Single-shot |
Sejarah
Pada tahun 2004, Angkatan Darat mengumumkan persyaratan untuk peluncur granat 40 mm komersial siap pakai. Senjata tersebut harus lebih andal, ergonomis, akurat, dan lebih aman dibandingkan M203. Pesawat ini harus mampu menembakkan seluruh granat berkecepatan rendah berukuran 40 mm namun dapat dimuat dari bagian sungsang untuk menerima proyektil yang lebih panjang di masa depan. Pengajuan Heckler & Koch dipilih pada Mei 2005.[4]
Setelah Angkatan Darat A.S. di Picatinny Arsenal melakukan proses penawaran kompetitif untuk sistem peluncuran granat 40 mm yang baru, Heckler & Koch mendapatkan kontrak untuk menyediakan XM320 mulai tahun 2006. M320 dikembangkan dari tetapi tidak identik ke Heckler & Koch AG36 (fitur pembeda utama adalah penambahan pegangan depan lipat di depan pelatuk untuk digunakan ketika senjata berada dalam konfigurasi yang berdiri sendiri, fitur yang tidak dimiliki AG36).[5][6] M320 mulai diproduksi pada November 2008.
Pengiriman M320 direncanakan dimulai pada bulan Februari 2009, dengan 71.600 GLM direncanakan untuk menghentikan penggunaan M203 pada tahun 2015.[1] Senjata tersebut secara resmi dikerahkan pada bulan Juli 2009 di Fort Bragg oleh Tim Tempur Brigade 1, Divisi Lintas Udara ke-82.[7] Pada bulan Juni 2017, Kompi Bravo, Batalyon Insinyur Tempur ke-2 menjadi yang pertama Unit Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat akan mengeluarkan M320.[8] Setelah percobaan awal, Marinir diperkirakan akan mengeluarkan 7.000 peluncur antara tahun 2019 dan 2022.[9]
Ikhtisar
M320 memiliki tiga bagian utama: peluncur granat dengan laras senapan, Penglihatan Siang/Malam (DNS) yang diproduksi oleh Insight Technology, Inc, dan Laser Range Finder (LRF) genggam. Beberapa manfaatnya adalah:
- M320 dapat digunakan dengan dua cara. Dapat dipasang pada M16 assault rifle, CAR-15 carbine, M4 carbine, [[Heckler & Koch HK416|HK416] ], atau jenis senapan lainnya, dipasang di bawah barel di depan majalah, atau dapat digunakan diturunkan dengan popor terpasang sebagai dudukan yang berdiri sendiri model.[6] A grenadier carrying an M320 with an M4 and three dozen 40 mm grenades will have a total weapon load of 38 lb (17 kg).
- The Day/Night Sight allows the grenadier to effectively engage the enemy in the dark.
The M320 is based on the earlier Heckler & Koch AG-C, but with some Army-specific modifications. It includes a folding foregrip and shorter barrel for a more compact package. The sights had to be reconfigured to shoot accurately with the slightly different ballistics from the shorter barrel length. The system was supposed to be lighter than the M203 (it is actually slightly heavier) and does not require specific mounting hardware. Breech loading allows the grenadier to load a shell while keeping the sight on target.[4] It weighs 357 pon (162 kg) in its base configuration, 389 pon (176 kg) with the LRF and electronic sight, and 48 pon (22 kg) with the stock attached.[1] The sights on the M320 are located to the side of the launcher, avoiding the problems that the M203 had with its sight design, which were mounted on top of the launcher and could interfere with the rifle's sights, so they had to be attached separately. This meant two separate operations had to be performed when adding the grenade launcher to the weapon, and since the sights were not integral to the M203, they had to be re-zeroed every time the launcher was reattached to the rifle. The LRF helps eliminate range estimation errors common in shots greater than 100 meters, thus increasing first round hit probability.
The M320 can fire all NATO high-explosive, smoke, and illumination grenades. Its breech opens to the side, allowing it to fire a variety of newer rounds which are longer, in particular certain non-lethal rounds, such as Federal Laboratories' "exact impact" (brand name) non-lethal sponge batons or sponge grenades.[6] The M320 operates in double-action mode, with an ambidextrous safety. In case of misfire, the M320 operator merely has to pull the trigger again. The M203 used a single-action mode, which cocks the weapon as the barrel is opened. The M203 operator has to open the barrel by unlocking it and pushing forward to cock the weapon and then re-close the barrel, then pull the trigger again. The problem with this is that in opening the barrel, the grenade is designed to eject and the operator must ensure that it does not fall to the ground.
The M320 is one of two 40 mm grenade launchers capable of firing Pike Missile (developed by Raytheon) without modification—the other being the FN EGLM (Enhanced Grenade Launching Module) developed for the FN SCAR.
Nonetheless, the weapon's introduction was not without criticism:
- Soldiers complained about switching from the simple, more streamlined M203 to one with more sophisticated attachments (although this could be attributed simply to the change from a long-standing "tried and true" system to a new one). Complaints ranged from the forward grip and sighting system, the pistol grip handle catching on things, and the side loading mechanism. They even criticized its ability to act as a stand-alone launcher, a feature included in response to troops re-acquiring Vietnam-era M79 grenade launchers that supposedly gave better accuracy when fired from the shoulder than if slung under a rifle, although the collapsible stock is somewhat short for the task.[10]
- The M320 has the ability to fire detached from a rifle. Soldiers have reported difficulties carrying it unmounted, as its one-point sling does not hold it securely. Carrying by the sling would cause it to bounce around and sometimes be dragged through dirt. Soldiers wanted to carry the M320 in a holster to provide protection, rather than just putting it in their rucksack. The Natick Soldier Systems Center began the M320GL Holster Soldier Enhancement Program (SEP) in November 2012. Three commercial vendors produced 167 holsters each. The SEP used the "buy-try-decide" concept, which allows the Army to test the functionality of equipment without spending much time on research and development. Soldiers from the 75th Ranger Regiment were given a dozen holsters and went through standardized tests in mid-May 2013, after which they filled out surveys. The next step was to test them with an entire brigade. As of July 2013, the holsters were being evaluated by soldiers in Afghanistan. Project officials were to make a recommendation to Fort Benning by the beginning of fiscal year 2014.[11]Artikel ini memerlukan pemutakhiran informasi.
Users
See also
References
- ^ a b c 40mm M320 grenade launcher will be replace M203 next year – Thefirearmblog.com, 5 December 2008
- ^ "XM320 Grenade Launcher Module And XM26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System". Army Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 February 2006.
- ^ "Product Manager Individual Weapons" Diarsipkan 22 February 2008 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b History of the Heckler & Koch 40mm Grenade Launcher – SAdefensejournal.com, 24 August 2011
- ^ "AG36 / AG-C / EGLM / XM320 grenade launcher". Modern Firearms. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Heckler & Koch M320 GLM (HK AG36) 40mm Single-Shot Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) (2010)". MilitaryFactory.
- ^ MacLeod, Spc. Michael J. "Bragg GIs 1st to Field Grenade Launcher". Military.com, 8 July 2009
- ^ Out with the old, in with the new: Marines test new grenade launcher module – Marines.mil, 9 June 2017
- ^ Marine Corps testing upgraded grenade launcher – MarineCorpstimes.com, 14 June 2017
- ^ Soldiers’ Perspective: The M320 Grenade Launcher – Kitup.Military.com, 28 May 2010
- ^ Natick develops holster for M320 grenade launcher – Army.mil, 25 July 2013
- ^ "ยุทโธปกรณ์ในกองทัพบกไทย". 2 May 2019.
- ^ "The Ukrainian servicemen started using the M320 grenade launchers". May 24, 2022.
- Fuller, BG Peter N.; COL Douglas A. Tamilio (18 May 2010). "Project Manager Soldier Weapons Briefing for NDIA" (PDF). PEO Soldier. United States Army. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 28 October 2010.
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