Pemilihan gubernur Alabama tahun 1874
Templat:Elections in Alabama sidebar Pemilihan gubernur Alabama tahun 1874 berlangsung pada tanggal 3 November 1874, untuk memilih gubernur Alabama. Petahana Republik David P. Lewis gagal mencalonkan diri kembali, kalah dari Demokrat mantan AS] Perwakilan George S. Houston. Pemilu ini akan mengakhiri era persaingan yang serius antara partai lokal Demokrat dan Partai Republik, dan mengawali kemenangan beruntun selama 112 tahun bagi Demokrat di tingkat gubernur.
1874 Alabama gubernatorial election | |||||||||||||||||
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  November 3, 1874 | |||||||||||||||||
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Peta persebaran suara
 County results Houston: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Lewis: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Pemilihan Umum
Gubernur petahana David P. Lewis adalah mantan Demokrat yang mewakili Lawrence County di konvensi pemisahan diri negara bagian di awal American Civil Perang, memberikan suara menentang pemisahan diri tetapi akhirnya menjabat sebagai legislator di Kongres Konfederasi Sementara; dia kemudian menjadi delegasi di Konvensi Nasional Demokrat 1868 untuk Alabama sebelum dia bergabung dengan Partai Republik.[1][2] Telah menjadi pendukung pemberian kembali hak pilih scalawag yang pernah bertugas di Konfederasi[1] dan karena sudah lama tinggal di Alabama, Lewis terpilih sebagai calon dari Partai Republik untuk pemilihan sebelumnya.[2] However, during his tenure, existing tensions between the factions of the Republicans,[a] particularly over civil rights and Reconstruction began to boil over, and the political violence of the Ku Klux Klan began to target many of the party's voters.[3]
The Democratic nominee was George S. Houston, a former representative and Senator for the state who had been pro-Union at the time of secession, but remained in Alabama through the war, though he took no part in its fighting; he was chosen likewise in an effort to appeal to a broader coalition which included Unionists dissatisfied with Lewis' administration.[4] The Democrats presented themselves as "redeemers" who would restore White dominance and eliminate Republican corruption.[4]
Democrats used their comparative unity on the issues of civil rights and Reconstruction to their advantage; the dominance of these issues and the division of the Republicans on them, along with voter intimidation and fraud, handed Democrats the victory.[2][3] After this, the Republicans remained out of the gubernatorial office until 1986, ending a period in which several elections had even been won by them and beginning a long period of Democratic dominance in the state.[3][1]
Election day massacre
One notable incident of electoral violence took place on election day near Eufaula in Barbour County before moving to Spring Hill, where ballots were then being counted; a similar incident took place in Mobile County. In both cases many of the Black voters fled, and the Democrats won the counties.[5][6]
Results
| Partai | Calon | Suara | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demokrat | George S. Houston | 107,118 | 53.28 | |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Templat:Republican Party (United States)/meta/shortname]] | David P. Lewis (incumbent) | 93,928 | 46.72 | |
| Jumlah suara | 201,046 | 100.00 | ||
The beginning of Democratic dominance in the state also led to the loss of the rights that had been gained by the Black population, and the beginning of segregation in the state. Soon after the election, the state would pass a new constitution which mandated the effective racial separation of schools,[9] and established funding for each race's schools through the poll tax, which led in many areas to a lack of any Black schools. Also required was the segregation of prisons, and laws prohibiting interracial marriage and sex remained in place; however, Black suffrage remained mostly intact.[10] By the 1880s, however, perceived threats to Democratic dominance from the ascendant Populists led to a repeat of the terror and fraud like those against Republicans in prior years, only this time the target was Black and poor White citizens; further laws were passed to enforce segregation and white dominance, including stricter vagrancy and work contract laws.[10] In 1901, a new constitution had been created with the explicit aim of establishing, "within the limits imposed by the federal constitution", a system of white supremacy; this constitution effectively disenfranchised Blacks and many poor Whites by establishing, among other things, property requirements, literacy tests, and a cumulative poll tax.[11][12]
Notes
- ^ Most notably consisting of antebellum Unionists, or scalawags; northerners who had moved south post-war, or carpetbaggers; and the newly enfranchised population of former slaves, or freedmen.[3]
References
- ^ a b c Woolfolk, Sarah Van V. (1964). "Amnesty and Pardon and Republicanism in Alabama". The Alabama Historical Quarterly. 26 (2): 240–248. Diakses tanggal 4 September 2023.
- ^ a b c "Lewis, David P". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Republican Party in Alabama". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Houston, George S". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2023.
- ^ Whitmire, Kyle (16 January 2022). "Ambushed in Eufaula: Alabama's forgotten race massacre". AL.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 20 September 2023.
- ^ Woolfolk Wiggins, Sarah (1 June 1977). The Scalawag in Alabama Politics, 1865-1881. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 9780817389284.
- ^ "AL Governor 1874". Our Campaigns. Diakses tanggal November 23, 2016.
- ^ Dubin, Michael J. (2010). United States gubernatorial elections, 1861–1911: the official results by state and county. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. hlm. 36. ISBN 978-0-7864-4722-0.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaeoa-houston3 - ^ a b Martin, David (1993). "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896". National Black Law Journal (dalam bahasa Inggris). 13 (1): 184–197. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2023.
- ^ Stewart, William H. (2001). "The Tortured History of Efforts to Revise the Alabama Constitution of 1901" (PDF). Alabama Law Review. University of Alabama. 53 (1): 295–333. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2023.
- ^ Flynt, Wayne (2001). "Alabama's Shame: The Historical Origins of the 1901 Constitution" (PDF). Alabama Law Review. University of Alabama. 53 (1): 67–76. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2023.
Templat:Alabama gubernatorial elections Templat:Reconstruction Era