Wikipedia

Brightline

Revisi sejak 31 Desember 2023 11.03 oleh Yafie Achmad Raihan (bicara | kontrib) (←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Infobox rail service | box_width = 330 | name = Brightline | logo = Brightline Logo.svg | logo_width = 220 | image = BrightLine train test.jpg | image_width = 300 | caption = Brightline train at Southern Blvd in 2017 | type = Inter-city rail, higher-speed rail | status = <!-- Only use when line is not operating normally --> | locale = Florida, United States | first...')
(beda) ← Revisi sebelumnya | Revisi terkini (beda) | Revisi selanjutnya → (beda)

Brightline (reporting mark BLFX) is an inter-city rail route in the United States that runs between Miami and Orlando, Florida. Part of the route runs on track owned and shared by the Florida East Coast Railway.

Brightline
Brightline train at Southern Blvd in 2017

Brightline
Brightline
Peta
Informasi umum
Jenis layananInter-city rail, higher-speed rail
Daerah operasiFlorida, United States
Mulai beroperasi13 Januari 2018; 6 tahun lalu (2018-01-13)
Operator saat iniFlorida East Coast Industries
Jumlah penumpang harian1,230,494 (2022)[butuh rujukan]
Situs webgobrightline.com
Lintas pelayanan
Stasiun awalGalat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist.
Jumlah pemberhentian6
Stasiun akhirGalat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist.
Jarak tempuh235 mi (378 km)[1]
Waktu tempuh rerata3.5 hours
Frekuensi perjalananHourly
Pelayanan penumpang
Kelas
  • Premium (business class)
  • Smart (coach)
Akses tertutupLevel boarding
Pengaturan tempat duduk
  • 2×2 (smart)
  • 2×1 (premium)
Fasilitas restorasiAt-seat service
Fasilitas bagasiOverhead racks, checked baggage available
Teknis sarana dan prasarana
Lebar sepur4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1.435 mm) sepur standar
Kecepatan operasional
  • Orlando-Cocoa:
  • 125 mph (200 km/h)
  • Cocoa-West Palm Beach:
  • 110 mph (175 km/h)[2]
  • West Palm Beach-Miami:
  • 79 mph (130 km/h)
Pemilik jalurFlorida East Coast Railway
Route diagram
Templat:Brightline

Brightline is the only privately owned and operated intercity passenger railroad in the United States. Its development started in March 2012 as All Aboard Florida by Florida East Coast Industries, a Floridian real estate developer owned by Fortress Investment Group. Construction began in November 2014 and the route began revenue service in January 2018, initially between Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach; the Miami to Fort Lauderdale segment began revenue service in May of that year. Infill stations at Aventura and Boca Raton opened in December 2022, and the West Palm Beach to Orlando segment began revenue service in September 2023.[3] Additional stops are being planned for the route.[4]

Brightline's maximum operating speed is 125 mph (200 km/h). Trains cover the 235 mile[convert: unit tak dikenal][1] route in 3 hours and 25 minutes,[5] with an average speed of 69 mph (111 km/h).

Origins and history

 
Former All Aboard Florida logo

In 2012, All Aboard Florida, a wholly owned subsidiary of Florida East Coast Industries (FECI), announced plans to operate passenger rail service between Miami and Orlando.[6] The construction was projected at the time to be $1.5 billion.[7] In March 2013, All Aboard Florida applied for a $1.6 billion Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) loan, which was administered by the Federal Railroad Administration,[8] and in late 2014, the company applied for a $1.75 billion private activity bond allocation, with proceeds from the bond sale substantially reducing or replacing entirely the amount of the RRIF loan request.[9]

The company received a Finding of No Significant Impact from the Federal Railroad Administration in January 2013, effectively clearing way for work to begin between Miami and West Palm Beach.[10] The Final Environmental Impact Statement was released on August 4, 2015.[11] By the beginning of 2015, the company had started site work at the Miami, Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach stations, plus right-of-way improvements along stretches of the corridor. On November 10, 2015, All Aboard Florida announced that the service would operate under the name Brightline.[12]

Service between Miami and West Palm Beach began on May 19, 2018.[13][14]

In September 2018, Brightline acquired XpressWest, a private company that intends to connect Las Vegas, Nevada with Southern California via Victorville, California. Brightline announced the intent of purchasing 38 acres of land near the Las Vegas Strip for a station and following the Interstate 15 corridor from Las Vegas to Southern California.[15]

Two key counties on the coastal route north of the West Palm Beach station have, for various reasons, been fighting the extension of the rail line through Martin and Indian River Counties in court. One of their objections is that Brightline is owned by a private corporation, so they should not be allowed to issue tax-exempt bonds as if they were a municipality. On December 24, 2018, after four years of legal battles,[16] a Federal District Judge threw out a suit by Indian River County that claimed the U.S. Department of Transportation improperly approved the bond allocation, clearing the way for construction of the new rail corridor through the Treasure Coast and Space Coast.[17][18] On October 5, 2020, the US Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal of that decision, ending Indian River County's efforts to stymie development. The county's efforts at a Supreme Court hearing were financed with over $200,000 in private donations in addition to over $4 million in County funds.[19]

In April 2019, the company secured $1.75 billion in funding for the Orlando extension and said construction would begin right away.[20][21][22]

In November 2018, it was announced that Virgin Group would become a minority investor in the railroad and would provide rights to rebrand the service as Virgin Trains USA.[23] However, in August 2020, railroad managers announced that Virgin had not provided the agreed investment money and the company would be ending its branding deal, returning to the previous Brightline brand.[24][25][26] In March 2021, Virgin sued Brightline for $251.3 million because of the broken contract.[27][28] In October 2023, Virgin won the lawsuit and the judge awarded Virgin $115 million in damages.[29]

Construction

 
Construction on MiamiCentral in 2015

Construction began on the Miami–West Palm Beach section with the laying of new tracks and closure of the temporary surface lots in Government Center, Downtown Miami, in mid-2014.[30] Preliminary work on the Miami station, such as site preparation and demolition, began later in the year.[31] Suffolk Construction was the general contractor for the Miami station.[32] Piles were being set on the four lots of MiamiCentral in early 2015.[33]

On October 29, 2014, work on the Fort Lauderdale station began with the demolition of existing buildings on the site.[34] A groundbreaking ceremony for the West Palm Beach station was held in November 2014.[35] Moss & Associates, of Fort Lauderdale, was the general contractor for the West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale stations.[36]

In January 2015, crews started replacing track throughout the corridor.[37][38] All Aboard Florida secured leasing of easement rights alongside the Beachline from the Central Florida Expressway Authority for $1.4 million in December 2015.

Construction work on Phase 2, between West Palm Beach and Orlando, officially began in June 2019, with a groundbreaking ceremony at Orlando International Airport.[39] Preliminary work on the corridor began in September 2019, in the area of Jensen Beach and Sebastian,[40] and began path clearing for construction of the Orlando–Cocoa portion in October of that year.[41]

Hingga Mei 2019, the contractors on the project were the Hubbard Construction Company, Wharton-Smith Inc., The Middlesex Corporation, Granite, and HSR Constructors. These five contractors are responsible for the development of 170 miles of new track into the completed state-of-the-art intermodal facility located in the new South Terminal at the Orlando International Airport (MCO).[42]

In 2019, Brightline operations sent a letter to the city of Boca Raton about the possibility of adding their city as an infill station along the Florida route. Brightline proposed constructing the station and rail infrastructure while the city would cover access and zoning requirements and costs.[43] In December 2019, the former community garden next to the Boca Raton Public Library was officially chosen as a station site for the station.[44][45]

In October 2019, Miami-Dade County allocated $76 million to build a Brightline Aventura station by the Aventura Mall in Ojus, Florida, between Miami and Fort Lauderdale. At the time of the announcement, the projected opening date was October 2020.[46] Groundbreaking on the station occurred in September 2020.[47] On June 21, 2023, it was announced that construction was completed.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54]

Opening

Revenue service between Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach began on January 13, 2018.[55][56] Revenue service between Miami and Fort Lauderdale began on May 19, 2018.[13][14] The station in Boca Raton began service on December 21, 2022, while the station in Aventura began service on December 24, 2022.[57][58] Revenue service between West Palm Beach and Orlando began on September 22, 2023.[3]

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic

Brightline suspended operations on March 25, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[59] All train services ceased, and the company cut 250 jobs.[60] Construction north to Orlando continued, as well as plans for the stations in Aventura and Boca Raton.[61][62]

In January 2021, the company stated that service would begin again in "late 2021," contrary to their earlier estimate of the third quarter of 2021. The company said that most station and operations staff would be brought back approximately 30–60 days before services resumed. Throughout January 2021 and May 2021, the trains ran occasionally with no passengers, in order to test an upgraded corridor between the West Palm Beach and Miami train stations.[60] Services resumed on November 8, 2021, between West Palm Beach and Miami.[63]

Service

 
Schematic of rapid transit and passenger rail service in the Miami metropolitan area in 2017. It is unknown when the Tri-Rail Downtown Miami Link is scheduled to be operational.

Route

The route is made up of the following stations, from north to south:

County Station Brightline
in-service date 		Time to
Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. 		Connections
Orange County Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. September 22, 2023[3] 210 min Orlando International Airport
Lynx: Links 11, 42, 51, 111, 407 & 436S
SunRail Train to Plane: Link 111 Nonstop Express
Palm Beach County Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. January 13, 2018 72-80 min Palm Tran: 1, 40, 41, & The Bolt 1
Palm Trolley: Yellow Line
Tri-Rail Commuter Connector: WPB-1
Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. December 21, 2022[57] 51 min Palm Tran: 1, 94
Broward County Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. January 13, 2018 30-33 min Broward County Transit (at Central Terminal): 1, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 20, 22, 30, 31, 40, 50, 60, 81, 101 (US 1 Breeze)
Sun Trolley: Downtown Link, Neighborhood Link, & NW Community Link
Tri-Rail Commuter Connector: FL-1, FL-3
Miami-Dade County Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. December 24, 2022[58] 17 min Metrobus
Broward County Transit (at Aventura Mall): 1, 28, 101 (US 1 Breeze)
Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. May 19, 2018[13][14] – Metrorail (at Government Center): Green Line, Orange Lines, Downtown Express
Metromover (at Government Center): Omni Loop, Brickell Loop, Inner Loop
Metrobus: 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 21, 51, 77, 93, 95, S (119), 120, 207, 208, 246, 277, 500
Broward County Transit: 109 (95 Express), 110 (595 Express)
Miami Trolley: Coral Way
Tri-Rail Downtown Miami Link (planned)

Schedule

Hingga Januari 2023, there are 18 daily round trips between Miami and West Palm Beach of which 16 cover the full route between Miami and Orlando. Roughly half of trains make all stops along the line, while the remainder skip Boca Raton station.[5]

Ridership

During the first two and a half months of introductory service between West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale, ridership totaled 74,780, increasing from 17,800 in January to 32,900 in March 2018.[64] The company itself announced that the ridership has been triple what had been expected.[65] The forecast provided to bond investors calls for 240,000 passengers per month by 2020, which includes service to Miami,[66] and analyst Fitch Ratings has said that the company could break even at 56% of their ridership forecast.[65]

By the end of 2018, almost 600,000 passengers had ridden the train,[67] and the line welcomed its 1 millionth rider in August 2019.[68]

Service was suspended from March 2020 until November 2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

In August 2022, Brightline transported over 100,000 passengers. This was the first time it crossed the 100,000 passengers per month mark.[69] In December 2022, Brightline served over 183,000 riders.[70]


Ridership and Revenue Since the Restart of Service[71]

 


Ridership by year

Year Ridership
2018 579,000[67]
2019 885,000[72]
2020 N/A
2021 159,474[73]
2022 1,230,494[73]

Map

Templat:Maplink-road

Stations

The five South Florida stations were designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in association with Zyscovich Architects.[74] Rockwell Group designed the interiors.[75] All of the Brightline stations have adjacent parking at a paid rate per day.[76]

  • Brightline stations
  •  
    MiamiCentral station entrance
  •  
    Aventura station
  •  
    Fort Lauderdale station
  •  
    Boca Raton station
  •  
    West Palm Beach station
  •  
    Orlando station

Miami

Artikel utama: MiamiCentral

The downtown Miami station, known as Galat Lua: expandTemplate: template "Brightline stations" does not exist. (not to be confused with Miami Central Station, now known as Miami Intermodal Center, near Miami International Airport), spans 9 ekar (3,6 ha) located just east of Miami-Dade County Hall and includes 3 juta square feet (280.000 m2) of mixed-use development with residential, office and commercial, and a retail concourse. The station connects Brightline with the Metrorail, Metromover, Metrobus and City of Miami trolley systems.[77] In the future, there will be a Tri-Rail station at MiamiCentral. This increases connections to activities and tourist destinations, including the Performing Arts Center, Bayside Market and Bayfront Park. Service to Miami began on May 19, 2018.[13][14]

Aventura

Artikel utama: Aventura station

The Aventura station is located on West Dixie Highway west of the Aventura Mall in Ojus, Florida. The station is 34.000 sq ft (3.200 m2) on a 3 acre site. There are 240 parking spaces at the Aventura station, as well as a Miami-Dade Transit bus drop-off.[78] Complimentary shuttle service is available to and from the mall. In the future, it will include another bridge that will connect the platform to Aventura Mall, and it will serve as the terminus of planned commuter rail service.

Fort Lauderdale

Artikel utama: Fort Lauderdale station (Brightline)

The Fort Lauderdale station is located at NW 2nd Avenue between Broward Boulevard and NW 4th Street. The four-acre station site has a 60.000 sq ft (5.600 m2) station and platform. The Brightline train service in Ft. Lauderdale connects to the Sun Trolley and Broward County Transit system.[79] Brightline also owns about three acres of land to the east of the Florida East Coast Railway corridor, where there are plans to build a transit-oriented development.[80]

Boca Raton

Artikel utama: Boca Raton station (Brightline)

The Boca Raton station is located next to the Boca Raton Public Library. The station is 22.000 sq ft (2.000 m2) on a 1.8-acre site across from Mizner Park. The station has access to a 455-space parking garage that will also provide dedicated free parking for library patrons.

West Palm Beach

Artikel utama: West Palm Beach station (Brightline)

The West Palm Beach station is located between Datura and Evernia Streets and to the west of Quadrille. The two-acre station site has a 60.000 sq ft (5.600 m2) station and platform that connect with the neighborhood's existing vehicular, trolley and pedestrian networks and establish links to the Tri-Rail, Palm Tran Downtown Trolley and Amtrak West Palm Beach station.[81]

Orlando

Artikel utama: Orlando International Airport Intermodal Terminal

In 2017, the new Orlando International Airport Intermodal Terminal at Orlando International Airport was opened.[82] Brightline terminates at this station after the 170-mil (270 km) Orlando Extension track was built. Trains run up to 125 mph (200 km/h) with a travel time of approximately 3.5 hours from Orlando's airport to Miami.[83][84] The first test run of the Brightline train into Orlando station happened on May 17, 2022.[85] Revenue service began on September 22, 2023.[3]

Planned and proposed routes and destinations

Tampa

Hingga September 2019, Brightline is in negotiations with the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to lease right-of-way along the Interstate 4 corridor.[86] Brightline was the only bidder to submit a proposal to construct an intercity rail line along Interstate 4, which has been designated for federally funded high-speed rail.[86] This would be utilized for an extension of the line from Orlando International Airport to Tampa.[86] Potential stops along this route are the SunRail Meadow Woods station and Lakeland.[86] The deadline for the negotiations between Central Florida Expressway Authority, FDOT, and Brightline was March 31, 2020.[87] In September 2020, the railroad entered into a memorandum of understanding with a local developer to potentially construct the terminal station in Ybor City.[88]

In November 2020, Brightline and Walt Disney World Resort announced an agreement to build a station in Disney Springs as a part of its Tampa extension. The high-speed rail corridor between Disney Springs and Orlando International Airport was projected to cost $1 billion and travel alongside Florida State Road 417. While the project has yet to secure needed funding, passenger service was planned to start by 2026.[89] Then, on May 5, 2022, Universal Orlando offered 13 acres of land near the site where Universal Epic Universe is being built for a commuter station, as well as bond guarantees. This was claimed to promote construction of an extension of Brightline that would include a brief confluence with SunRail between SunRail's Meadow Woods and Pine Castle stations, and lead through Disney eventually to Tampa. They did not mention the existing proposal to run Brightline down SR 417 to Disney Springs, but it did suggest a future SunRail service to Epic Universe, the Orange County Convention Center, and Disney Springs.[90] On June 27, 2022, Disney announced that Brightline would not run on their Walt Disney World park property; however Brightline said it would still build a station near Disney World to get riders as close as possible.[91]

Future expansion

As part of the initial construction for Brightline, All Aboard Florida said it was considering an extension to Jacksonville, Florida.[92]

In October 2019, Brightline announced plans to start building a station in PortMiami in 2020.[45][93] However, as of 2022, the plans for the station have been removed from Brightline's website.

Brightline has expressed interest in serving at the Miami Intermodal Center, at the facility where Amtrak plans to relocate its service, but no negotiations were underway as of March 2022, according to FDOT.[94]

Brightline has also expressed interest in adding a station on Florida's Treasure Coast and another on the Space Coast between West Palm Beach and Orlando. In August 2018, the company asked cities in the area to submit proposals for station locations. Fort Pierce, which last had passenger train service on July 31, 1968, has expressed interest.[95][96] The city of Stuart has also indicated that it will be negotiating for a potential station.[97] Brightline has indicated that Stuart could be the most likely location for a Treasure Coast station, and that Cocoa would make the most sense for a Space Coast station, both because of proximity to Port Canaveral's cruise lines as well as for positioning for future expansion to Jacksonville.[98] In June 2023, Brightline purchased land in Titusville, with plans to develop a residential neighborhood and station in Cocoa.[99][100] After completing the Orlando extension, Brightline has indicated that their focus is now on the Treasure Coast to receive a station, with both Stuart and Fort Pierce being the candidates to receive the Brightline station.[101]

Commuter rail

Templat:Broward Coastal Rail Link

Artikel utama: Northeast Corridor Rapid Transit Project

In 2020, it was revealed that Brightline was planning a commuter rail service to complement their existing service. Referred to as the Northeast Corridor,[102] trains would run between MiamiCentral and Aventura with five stations between.[102] Brightline and the Miami-Dade County Commission agreed to access fees in November 2020.[103] The estimated cost for full buildout of the line is $325 million.[102] Operations were expected to start as early as 2024.[104] By 2023, station locations had been identified and service frequencies for trains were expected to be every 30 to 60 minutes.[105]

In 2021, the Florida Department of Transportation and Broward County executed a memorandum of understanding to implement a passenger transportation system along the FEC corridor. Plans call for a 27-mil (43 km) commuter rail route starting at Aventura station in the south and running as far north as Deerfield Beach.[106] Service could start in 2028.[107]

It has also been proposed that the commuter service could go through Palm Beach County if a deal is reached with the county, stopping at destinations such as Delray Beach and going as far north as Jupiter, the latter of which has no passenger rail service.[108]

Brightline West (Los Angeles to Las Vegas)

Artikel utama: Brightline West

On September 18, 2018, Fortress Investment Group announced that it would acquire XpressWest, a venture capital proposal to build a privately funded high-speed rail passenger train from Apple Valley, California, to Las Vegas, Nevada, from hotel developer Marnell Corrao Associates.[109][110][111] When Fortress subsequently entered into its partnership with Virgin Group in 2019, it was announced that the newly formed consortium will build and operate XpressWest when it opens.[112] In September 2020, Fortress Investment Group renamed the project Brightline West.

Despite funding difficulties; Brightline West has secured $3 billion dollars from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law[113] and is planning on constructing the 180-mil (290 km) long track starting in early 2024.[114] They plan on carrying passengers between Las Vegas and Rancho Cucamonga with speeds of up to 200 mph (320 km/h) for an 85-minute trip. Trains on this line will be fully electric and run mostly in the median of Interstate 15. Fortress's Wes Edens has stated that Brightline's service is modeled off of Eurostar's Paris-to-London commute. Its coach design includes white-and-blue interiors, roomy seating, and free Wi-Fi.[84]

Engineering

Train speeds and comparative travel times

Upon full buildout of the Miami–Orlando route, trains operate at up to 79 mph (130 km/h) between Miami and West Palm Beach, up to 110 mph (180 km/h) between West Palm Beach and Cocoa, and up to 125 mph (200 km/h) between Cocoa and the Orlando International Airport.[115] A future extension to Tampa from Orlando would, if constructed, also allow trains to operate at up to 125 mph (200 km/h).[116] It is one of the few rail services in the United States to approach the lowest high-speed rail standard set by the International Union of Railways of 200 km/h (125 mph).[117][118]

The travel time between Miami and Orlando is around 3 ½ hours.[119] Driving (without traffic) between the two takes 3 ½ hours using the Florida's Turnpike, and 3 ¾ hours using the I-95/SR 528 freeways along the planned train route via Cocoa. The flight time between MIA and MCO (Orlando International Airport) is 1 hour, though with the suggested 2 hour arrival at the airport prior to departure by airlines, the flight trip is around 3 hours (not including last mile transportation). In High speed rail in Europe and East Asia, the travel time at which rail starts to attract a significant sector of the rail/air travel sector is usually given as around four hours with rail becoming dominant over air travel at travel times below three hours.

To meet the 3-hour schedule, trains operate with an overall average speed of 80 mph (130 km/h), which is similar to the overall average speed of the Amtrak Acela operating on the Northeast Corridor between New York City and Washington, D.C.[120][121][122]

Pre-existing Miami–Cocoa Corridor upgrades

The project to connect Miami and Orlando called for more than $1.5 billion in upgrades to the rail corridor between Miami and Cocoa. The company double tracked the corridor, improved signaling systems, and upgraded every grade crossing to meet the highest applicable safety standards set by FDOT and Federal Railroad Administration.[123][124] In January 2013, the Federal Railroad Administration issued a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for the Miami–Cocoa phase of the project, effectively clearing the way for work to begin.[125] Part of the corridor safety upgrades included installing positive train control (PTC), which enhances Brightline's ability to monitor and control train movements safely.[126]

Quiet zones

Responding to citizen concerns about increased noise from additional horns, the company stated that it will work with local communities to implement quiet zones where possible.[127] Federal law requires quiet zone requests to originate from the local authority that has jurisdiction over the roadway, not the railroad company.[128]

In August 2014, the company announced a partnership with the Broward and Palm Beach Metropolitan Planning Organizations to implement quiet zones between the city of Hallandale Beach and 15th Street in West Palm Beach.[129] In December 2014, the Miami-Dade Metropolitan Planning Organization approved funding to construct quiet zones between PortMiami and the northern Miami-Dade County line.[130] The quiet zones were originally planned to be in place when Brightline would become operational between Miami and West Palm Beach by the end of 2017. Brightline started service on January 11, 2018, but various delays in constructing the quiet zones stretched their in-service date to sometime in March.[131]

On May 14, 2018, quiet zones went into effect in West Palm Beach, in Lake Worth on May 21 and in Boca Raton on May 30. The "no train horn" areas apply to all trains, freight and passenger.[132] Quiet Zones remove the legal duty of a train engineer to sound the horn. Train engineers do still use the horn in quiet zones for emergency situations (such as a trespasser fouling the tracks).[133]

Bridges

The FEC rail corridor includes a number of fixed-span bridges that were replaced as part of the project. Most did not require United States Coast Guard (USCG) permitting as they do not span significant navigable waterways and clearances did not change. Twelve other bridges—St. Johns River, Eau Gallie River, St. Sebastian River, Crane Creek, Turkey Creek, West Palm Beach Canal, Boynton Canal, Middle River (both the North and South Fork), Oleta River, Arch Creek and Hillsboro Canal— required permitting by the USCG. In addition, the project called for significant investment and upgrades to three movable bridges: St. Lucie, Loxahatchee, and New River. These improvements ensure that bridge mechanical systems for raising and lowering the bridge spans are either fully upgraded or replaced. The company has stated that, prior to it becoming operational, it would start to regularly notify mariners of scheduled bridge closings via the internet, smart phone application and countdown signage on the bridges to enable mariners to have real-time information to decrease wait times at each bridge. Also, the company would station a bridge tender at the New River bridge.[134]

Prior to the opening of service to Orlando, Brightline began asking municipalities around the St. Lucie River to support a potential federal grant to fund the replacement of the single-track rail bridge over the river with a new, raised double-track span.[135]

Cocoa–Orlando

The line between Cocoa and Orlando is the only segment that did not have existing track or right-of-way owned by FEC. Originally, the Central Florida Expressway Authority (CFX) believed it could accommodate building new tracks for the project within the BeachLine Expressway's 300-kaki (91 m) wide right-of-way. This segment of the proposed line would operate at speeds of up to 125 mph (200 km/h).[136][137] Other high speed rail corridors have in the past been built next to highways as well – for example the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line runs parallel to the A3 federal highway for more than half of its 180 kilometer (110 mi) length.

CFX began negotiations with Deseret Ranch, which owns the land just south of the BeachLine, to purchase additional land in order to widen the right-of-way. According to a pact made on July 16, 2013, CFX tentatively agreed to pay $12 million for an extra 200 ft (61 m) along the 22-mil (35 km) BeachLine corridor between Cocoa and Orlando International Airport.[138] In early October 2013, CFX and All Aboard Florida reached a formal purchase agreement for the land required for the right-of-way. Although construction was slated to originally begin in early 2015, construction of the segment started on May 22, 2019.[139][140]

Also in October 2013, the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority (GOAA) board approved development of a station and maintenance facility on Orlando International Airport property, as well as an easement to build track between the station and the mainline to the coast.[141]

For the initial opening of the line, it is single tracked for most of the route, however all the bridges and infrastructure are designed for double track thus saving effort when upgrading.[142]

Maintenance

Brightline has two maintenance facilities. Their primary vehicle maintenance facility, Basecamp, is located near the Orlando International Airport and opened in early 2023 to commission and service trains prior to the beginning of service to Orlando.[143]

Brightline's secondary Running Repair Facility, workshop b, is located north of the West Palm Beach station, and designed for maintenance and minor repair work that does not require the train to be removed from service. The facility includes a maintenance pit for accessing the underside of the trains and can handle up to four 10-car train sets.[144]

Rolling stock

All Aboard Florida ordered five Siemens trainsets in 2014. Each Brightline trainset initially consisted of four passenger coaches, with a Siemens Charger SCB-40 diesel-electric locomotive on each end.[145][146] The coaches, with interiors designed by the LAB at Rockwell Group,[147] feature ergonomic seating, Wi-Fi, and level boarding, and meet ADA standards. Each trainset holds 248 passengers.[13] Working with All Aboard Florida, the LAB also conceived the Brightline name, brand platform, and visual identity.[148] The entire trainset, including passenger cars, were manufactured by Siemens in its solar-powered plant in Florin, California. Brightline's plan originally called for the trainsets to be expanded to seven coaches, and five more complete trainsets would be purchased once the route to Orlando went into operation.[149][150] The first of five trainsets departed the Siemens factory on December 8, 2016,[151] and arrived in West Palm Beach on December 14.[152] The fifth trainset arrived in South Florida in October 2017.[153] The final of the additional five train sets for the Orlando service arrived in February of 2023, with these train sets only having four coaches instead of the planned seven.[154]

The trains offer two classes of service, with one "Premium" coach and three "Smart" coaches on each trainset. "Premium" offers 2x1 and four-to-a-table seating with 50 21-inci (530 mm)-wide seats per car and complimentary snacks and beverages, while the slightly less expensive "Smart" fare coaches seat 66 with narrower 19-inci (480 mm)-wide seats, with snacks and beverages available for purchase.[155][156]

Photo Model Year Total Nos. Power Weight Seating
 
 Siemens Charger SCB-40 locomotives 2017 10 units[146] 101-110 4.000 hp (3.000 kW)[157] 267.000 pon (121.000 kg)[158] n/a
2023 11 units[159] 111-121 n/a
Siemens Venture trainsets 2017 5 four-car trainsets[146] 201-205 (Premium), 401-405, 431-440 (Smart) unpowered 112.000 pon (50.802 kg) per coach[160] 248 (50 Premium, 198 Smart) per four-car trainset
2023 5 four-car trainsets[159] 206-210 (Premium), 406-410, 441-450 (Smart) 248 (50 Premium, 198 Smart) per four-car trainset
2025 20 cars in production to lengthen existing trainsets[161] TBD TBD

Accidents and incidents

Due to having a number of level crossings in built up areas, there have been numerous incidents of motorists, pedestrians and cyclists being on the tracks when a train passed, several of them resulting in fatalities. Approximately 100 deaths have been connected to Brightline operations since 2017.[162] According to AP analysis, as of February 2022 the train averaged one death per 35.000 mil (56.000 km) traveled, the highest rate in the nation.[163] Notable incidents include a 27 year old in Pompano Beach and a 56 year old in Hollywood being killed within a two day period in April 2022,[164] [165] a viral video from April 2023 showing a Brightline locomotive colliding with a trailer of luxury cars,[166] and a fatality on September 28, 2023 just days after the line was extended to Orlando.[167][168] There have however been no onboard fatalities as a consequence of accidents.

Law enforcement and federal reports found that the deaths were not caused by crew error or faulty equipment, but were all related to either suicides, or people trying to cross and beat the trains.[169] Outside railroad experts add that the problem lies with Floridians, used to trying to beat slower freight trains on the line, and not the new higher speed passenger trains.[170] In many other countries – for example Germany[171] – level crossings are not allowed to exist where trains faster than 100 mil per jam (160 km/h) pass through.

Brightline has received criticism for only installing the minimum required safety features along the line at opening. After opening the line, Brightline has applied for federal funding to add safety features at problematic crossings and fence in areas where people are known to trespass on tracks.[170]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Brightline High-Speed Rail Project". Railway Technology. 2020. Diakses tanggal September 24, 2023. 
  2. ^ "Brightline Orlando Ridership Nears 100K Per Month, Speed Increase Announced". The Next Miami. December 14, 2023. 
  3. ^ a b c d Mazzei, Patricia; Chokshi, Niraj (September 22, 2023). "Arriving Now: Fast Passenger Trains From Miami to Orlando". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal September 22, 2023. 
  4. ^ "Brightline Plans to Commence Orlando Operations in Q2". The Next Miami. February 14, 2023. 
  5. ^ a b "Brightline Florida Train Schedule". Brightline. 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 17, 2018. Diakses tanggal September 24, 2023. 
  6. ^ "All Aboard Florida plan announced". Railway Gazette. March 28, 2012. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2018. 
  7. ^ Roach, Emily (September 19, 2013). "Quiet zones plans for FEC tracks get boost, as All Aboard Florida picks up costs for some safety upgrades". The Palm Beach Post. Cox Media Group. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 17, 2018. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2018. 
  8. ^ Tracy, Dan (March 18, 2013). "All Aboard Florida seeks federal loan". Orlando Sentinel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 8, 2013. Diakses tanggal March 23, 2013. 
  9. ^ Miller, Kimberly; Sorentrue, Jennifer (October 8, 2014). "All Aboard Florida shocker: Rail seeks private financing". The Palm Beach Post. Cox Media Group. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 22, 2018. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2018. 
  10. ^ "High-speed rail service heads south". Florida Today. Associated Press. July 9, 2014. 
  11. ^ "All Aboard Florida Final Environmental Impact Statement". Federal Railroad Administration. August 4, 2015. 
  12. ^ "All Aboard Florida unveils branding of its rail service". The Real Deal Miami. November 9, 2015. Diakses tanggal November 10, 2015. 
  13. ^ a b c d e Roustan, Wayne K. (May 19, 2018). "All aboard as Brightline launches fast train service to Miami". Sun-Sentinel. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2018. 
  14. ^ a b c d Jacoby, Kenny (May 19, 2018). "Brightline's inaugural West Palm-to-Miami trip draws crowd, celebration". The Palm Beach Post. GateHouse Media. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 21, 2018. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2018. 
  15. ^ "Brightline to Build Express Intercity Passenger Rail Connecting Southern California and Las Vegas" (Siaran pers). Brightline. September 18, 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 18, 2018. Diakses tanggal September 18, 2018. 
  16. ^ Broadt, Lisa (November 2, 2018). "Brightline spending reaches $7.2 million in Martin, Indian River counties, but for what?". TCPalm (Treasure Coast Newspapers). Diakses tanggal November 12, 2018. 
  17. ^ Rosenberg, Arnie (December 25, 2018). "Judge tosses out Indian River County's lawsuit against All Aboard Florida". TCPalm. 
  18. ^ Sigo, Shelly (December 26, 2018). "Florida's Brightline clears legal hurdle, gets financing extension". Bond Buyer. 
  19. ^ Soloman, Joshua (October 5, 2020). "U.S. Supreme Court won't hear Indian River County's appeal of Brightline lawsuit". TCPalm. 
  20. ^ Forester, Thomas (April 4, 2019). "Brightline secures funding to Orlando, plans to open Walt Disney World station". WPEC. 
  21. ^ Lyons, David (April 4, 2019). "Virgin Trains lines up funding for expansion to Orlando". Sun Sentinel. 
  22. ^ Wile, Rob (April 19, 2019). "Virgin Trains finally set to launch construction of West Palm Beach-to-Orlando link". Miami Herald. 
  23. ^ Cohen, Howard (November 16, 2018). "Brightline forms a partnership with Virgin. A name change is coming soon". Miami Herald. 
  24. ^ Levin, Jonathan (August 7, 2020). "Florida Luxury Train Cuts Branson Ties, Drops Virgin Name". Bloomberg Media. 
  25. ^ Ohnsman, Alan (August 7, 2020). "High-Speed Rail Startup Brightline Ends Alliance With Richard Branson's Virgin". Forbes (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal August 10, 2020. 
  26. ^ Johnston, Katie (August 11, 2020). "Brightline Trains Ends Partnership With Richard Branson's Virgin Group". WFOR-TV. Diakses tanggal September 9, 2020. 
  27. ^ Lyons, David (March 8, 2021). "Virgin sues Brightline for $251.3 million over marketing divorce". sun-sentinel.com. Diakses tanggal March 17, 2021. 
  28. ^ Burroughs, David (March 9, 2021). "Virgin sues Brightline for $US 251.3m over naming contract". International Railway Journal (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal March 17, 2021. 
  29. ^ "London judge: Brightline owes $115M in damages to Richard Branson's Virgin Group". WFTV. October 15, 2023. 
  30. ^ Chardy, Alfonso (August 25, 2014). "Work begins — finally — on Miami-to-Orlando fast train". Miami Herald. Diakses tanggal August 26, 2014. 
  31. ^ Robbins, John Charles (September 27, 2016). "Brightline passenger rail service 65% built". Miami Today. Diakses tanggal March 9, 2017. 
  32. ^ Judy, Scott (July 30, 2014). "All Aboard Florida Taps Suffolk to Build Miami Station". ENR Southeast. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  33. ^ Chardy, Alfonso (March 9, 2015). "On track: Details for downtown Miami railway hub are revealed". The Miami Herald. Diakses tanggal March 9, 2015. 
  34. ^ Turnbell, Michael (October 29, 2014). "Demolition begins for All Aboard Florida's new station". SunSentinel. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2018. 
  35. ^ Sorentrue, Jennifer (November 12, 2014). "All Aboard Florida to begin construction today on West Palm Beach station". Palm Beach Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 11, 2015. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  36. ^ Turnbell, Michael (January 20, 2015). "Rail picks contractor for Fort Lauderdale, WPB stations". Sun Sentinel. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  37. ^ Sorentrue, Jennifer (November 28, 2017). "Brightline to start limited service in December". Palm Beach Post. Diakses tanggal December 28, 2017. 
  38. ^ Sorentrue, Jennifer (July 24, 2017). "Brightline's Orlando leg delayed to 2020". myPalmBeachPost. Cox Media Group. Diakses tanggal July 25, 2017. 
  39. ^ Solomon, Joshua (June 24, 2019). "Virgin Trains' Orlando leg underway as railroad eyes expansions to Tampa, Las Vegas". TCPalm (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  40. ^ Solomon, Joshua (September 18, 2019). "Virgin Trains expects to begin work Sept. 23 along Treasure Coast, Stuart officials say". TCPalm (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  41. ^ Neale, Rick. "Virgin Trains rail construction to trigger Beachline Expressway nighttime closures". Florida Today (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal October 22, 2019. 
  42. ^ "Virgin Trains USA names contractors for Orlando expansion". www.MassTransitMag.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). May 30, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  43. ^ Hristoforidis, Christina (September 12, 2019). "Is the Proposed Brightline Train Station a Good Idea for Boca Raton?". The Boca Raton Tribute. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2019. 
  44. ^ Baitinger, Brooke (December 11, 2019). "Brightline station coming to Boca Raton by 2021". South Florida Sun Sentinel. Boca Raton, Florida. Diakses tanggal December 29, 2019. 
  45. ^ a b Solomon, Joshua (December 30, 2019). "Virgin Trains OKs 3 new stations in South Florida, so when will it build stations here?". The Palm Beach Post (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal June 5, 2020. 
  46. ^ Hanks, Douglas (October 11, 2019). "Miami-Dade approves $76 million to bring Brightline to Aventura Mall". Miami Herald. 
  47. ^ Arrojas, Matthew (September 3, 2020). "Brightline breaks ground on Aventura Mall station". South Florida Business Journal. American City Business Journals. 
  48. ^ Brightline completes Miami-to-Orlando railway construction, By Steven Ryzewski and Ryan Lynch, June 21, 2023, Orlando Business Journal
  49. ^ Zizo, Christie (June 21, 2023). "Brightline celebrates Orlando to Miami rail line completion". WKMG. 
  50. ^ Atkins, Tony (June 21, 2023). "Brightline completes construction between Orlando and South Florida". WESH. 
  51. ^ "Brightline Orlando celebrates completed construction for high-speed train service to Miami". FOX 35 Orlando. June 21, 2023. 
  52. ^ "Brightline completes construction of high-speed rails connecting Orlando to South Florida". WFTV. June 21, 2023. 
  53. ^ "Brightline completes construction of rail line between Miami and Orlando - CBS Miami". www.cbsnews.com. 
  54. ^ "With Orlando's Station Complete, Brightline will now move to the next phase". June 21, 2023. 
  55. ^ Doris, Tony; Seltzer, Alexandra; Elsesser, Sarah (January 13, 2018). "Happy rails to you: Brightline high-speed trains roll into action". The Palm Beach Post. GateHouse Media. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 21, 2018. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2018. 
  56. ^ "Brightline slates fares and service date". Railway Age. January 11, 2018. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2018. 
  57. ^ a b Fernández, Jasmine (December 21, 2022). "'A great moment for Boca Raton's future': Brightline station opens for business". The Palm Beach Post. Gannett. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 25, 2022. Diakses tanggal December 25, 2022. 
  58. ^ a b "Grand opening held for new Brightline station in Aventura". WSVN. Sunbeam Television. December 24, 2022. Diakses tanggal December 25, 2022. 
  59. ^ Bryan, Susannah (March 25, 2020). "As Brightline suspends service, 250 employees lose their jobs" . Sun-Sentinel. Diakses tanggal September 23, 2023. 
  60. ^ a b Lyons, David (January 21, 2021). "Here's when Brightline trains are expected to restart service" . The Sun Sentinel. Diakses tanggal July 7, 2021. 
  61. ^ Figueroa, Jessica (April 16, 2020). "Virgin Trains Continues Construction on South Florida to Orlando Rail Throughout COVID-19 Pandemic". WDW News Today. Diakses tanggal May 31, 2020. 
  62. ^ Deal, Jeff (July 17, 2020). "High-speed rail service from OIA to South Florida on track for 2022". ABC. WFTV. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2020. 
  63. ^ Carbonare, Jossie (November 8, 2021). "Brightline trains resume from West Palm Beach to Miami for first time since March 2020". WPBF. Hearst Television. 
  64. ^ Broadt, Lisa (June 29, 2018). "Brightline financial documents reveal first quarter ridership, revenue". TCPalm (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal July 6, 2018. 
  65. ^ a b "Brightline Ridership Triples Expectations; Miami To Start By End Of April". The Next Miami. April 13, 2018. 
  66. ^ "Here's How Many Passengers Have Been Riding Brightline Trains". The Next Miami. April 30, 2018. 
  67. ^ a b Lyons, David (October 23, 2019). "Brightline expects to more than double ridership by adding three South Florida stations". sun-sentinel.com. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  68. ^ "Virgin Trains USA celebrates one million ride mark". www.MassTransitMag.com. August 6, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  69. ^ "🌱 Pembroke Park Police Department Now Active + Brightline Aug. Record". October 2022. 
  70. ^ "Brightline Monthly Ridership and Revenue Report, December 2022" (PDF). Diakses tanggal March 11, 2023. 
  71. ^ "Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board::EMMA". emma.msrb.org. Diakses tanggal August 2, 2023. 
  72. ^ Newspapers, Joshua Solomon, Treasure Coast. "Virgin Trains OKs 3 new stations in South Florida, so when will it build stations here?". The Palm Beach Post. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  73. ^ a b "Monthly Revenue and Ridership Report" (PDF). December 2022. 
  74. ^ "SOM completes three new Brightline Florida rail stations". Archinect (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal June 10, 2018. 
  75. ^ "Brightline – Rockwell Group". www.rockwellgroup.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal June 10, 2018. 
  76. ^ Kornfield, Meryl (July 2, 2018). "Brightline's garages start charging customers to park". Sun-Sentinel.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal July 6, 2018. 
  77. ^ "Here Are Leasing Plans And New Renderings For All Aboard Florida's MiamiCentral Station Project". The Next Miami. September 22, 2014. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  78. ^ Staff, A. O. L. (November 2, 2022). "Is Brightline's Aventura station open yet? Curious305 takes a behind-the-scenes look". www.aol.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal December 15, 2022. 
  79. ^ "Fort Lauderdale". gobrightline.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal June 10, 2018. 
  80. ^ Wallman, Brittany (May 4, 2014). "Rail firm appears on track to transform Fort Lauderdale". Sun Sentinel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 11, 2015. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  81. ^ Sorentrue, Jennifer (November 11, 2014). "All Aboard Florida updates WPB station design". Palm Beach Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 12, 2015. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  82. ^ Fluker, Anjali (August 11, 2014). "Exclusive: What All Aboard Florida rail station may include at Orlando airport". Orlando Business Journal. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  83. ^ "Brightline, Disney announce agreement for Disney Springs train station". Orlando Sentinel. 
  84. ^ a b Ohnsman, Alan (June 11, 2020). "Inside A Wall Street Tycoon's Plan To Get Americans Off The Highway – And On His Trains". Forbes. 
  85. ^ Luczak, Marybeth (May 18, 2022). "First Look: Brightline Rolls Into Orlando Station". Railway Age. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2022. 
  86. ^ a b c d Brezina-Smith, Veronica; Lynch, Ryan (September 11, 2019). "State Extends Virgin Trains' Deadline for Orlando-to-Tampa Right-of-Way Negotiations". Orlando Business Journal. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 2, 2019. Diakses tanggal November 2, 2019. 
  87. ^ "Virgin Trains' Tampa-to-Orlando right of way negotiations extended again". www.bizjournals.com. Diakses tanggal December 29, 2019. 
  88. ^ Brezina-Smith, Veronica (September 15, 2020). "Brightline, developer Darryl Shaw in negotiations for Ybor City rail station". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Diakses tanggal October 1, 2020. 
  89. ^ Spear, Kevin (March 11, 2021). "Brightline reveals cost details and route choices for Disney service in 5 years" . Orlando Sentinel. Diakses tanggal April 1, 2021. 
  90. ^ "Universal executives pledge to donate land to support SunRail/Brightline corridor". WESH.com. May 5, 2022. Diakses tanggal May 12, 2022. 
  91. ^ Spear, Kevin (June 27, 2022). "Disney opts out of SunRail-Brightline expansion, but project moving ahead". Orlando Sentinel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli  tanggal June 28, 2022. Diakses tanggal November 28, 2023. 
  92. ^ Talley, Karen (December 3, 2015). "All Aboard Florida gains easement, hints at Jacksonville in contract". Orlando Sentinel. Diakses tanggal September 21, 2023. 
  93. ^ "Brightline Announces Plans to Build PortMiami Station in 2020". www.travelmarketreport.com. October 31, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  94. ^ "Amtrak Begins Active Preparations To Launch Service To Miami Intermodal Center". The Next Miami (dalam bahasa Inggris). March 3, 2022. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2022. 
  95. ^ Rodriguez, Janny (September 6, 2018). "Brightline considers Fort Pierce train station". WPTV. 
  96. ^ Gardner, Keona (September 5, 2018). "Fort Pierce: Brightline wants to build station, hotel at H.D. King site downtown". TC Palm. 
  97. ^ Broadt, Lisa (October 23, 2018). "Stuart will pursue Brightline station; city is considering three locations". TCPalm (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal November 2, 2018. 
  98. ^ Solomon, Joshua (October 25, 2019). "Virgin Trains moving closer to station in Cocoa, leaning toward Stuart". TCPalm (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal October 28, 2019. 
  99. ^ "Brightline purchases land in Titusville, develops neighborhood in Cocoa" . Florida Today. June 5, 2023. Diakses tanggal June 5, 2023. 
  100. ^ Lynch, Ryan (June 6, 2023). "Brightline just bought more land; see how it might be used". WFTV. Diakses tanggal June 6, 2023. 
  101. ^ "Brightline CEO: Treasure Coast train station is focus now following passenger rail launch". Yahoo News (dalam bahasa Inggris). September 22, 2023. Diakses tanggal September 25, 2023. 
  102. ^ a b c Scheckner, Jesse (March 23, 2021). "After $345 million buildout, Brightline to run new intercity rail". Miami Today. Diakses tanggal April 6, 2021. 
  103. ^ "Brightline, Miami-Dade OK access fee for new commuter-rail system". Progressive Railroading. November 18, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 21, 2020. 
  104. ^ Scheckner, Jesse (April 6, 2021). "Miami-Dade seeks federal funding for Northeast commuter rail line". Miami Today. Diakses tanggal April 11, 2021. 
  105. ^ Hanks, Douglas (February 23, 2023). "A commuter train along U.S. 1 in Miami? County unveils plan without El Portal station". Miami Herald. Diakses tanggal June 1, 2023. 
  106. ^ Lester, David C. (August 24, 2021). "Florida's Broward County considering commuter rail line in FEC corridor". Railway Track and Structure. Diakses tanggal September 12, 2021. 
  107. ^ Lyons, Davis (September 5, 2021). "Broward commuter rail link not likely until 2028". Sun-Sentinel. Diakses tanggal September 12, 2021. 
  108. ^ Bojansky, Erik (November 13, 2020). "Miami-Dade moves forward with multimillion-dollar Brightline deal". The Real Deal. Diakses tanggal May 17, 2023. 
  109. ^ "Brightline to Build Express Intercity Passenger Rail Connecting Southern California and Las Vegas" (Siaran pers). XpressWest. September 18, 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 26, 2019. Diakses tanggal September 19, 2018. 
  110. ^ Velotta, Richard N. (September 18, 2018). "Florida firm acquires company planning Las Vegas to LA rail line". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Diakses tanggal September 18, 2018. 
  111. ^ "Las Vegas officials eye linking downtown to proposed high-speed rail". May 24, 2019. 
  112. ^ Cordeiro, Monivette. "Brightline changes name to Virgin Trains USA in new partnership with billionaire Richard Branson". Orlando Weekly. 
  113. ^ Seeman, Matthew (December 5, 2023). "Brightline West high-speed train lands $3B in federal funding for construction". news3lv.com. 
  114. ^ Akers, Mick (December 12, 2023). "High-speed rail project construction could begin in '23" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal December 23, 2023. 
  115. ^ "South Florida gets first peek at Brightline express train". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. January 11, 2017. Diakses tanggal February 16, 2019. 
  116. ^ "Brightline-Virgin proposal for Tampa-to-Orlando rail service clears key state hurdle". Tampa Bay Times. November 28, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2019. 
  117. ^ "General Definitions of Highspeed". International Union of Railways (UIC). Diakses tanggal November 20, 2015. 
  118. ^ Pyrgidis, Christos N. (April 21, 2016). Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-6216-2. 
  119. ^ Holsman, Melissa (April 22, 2019). "Virgin Trains sells $1.75 billion in private activity bonds for expansion to Orlando". TCPalm. Port St Lucie, FL: Treasure Coast Newspapers. 
  120. ^ "FECI Bringing Private Passenger Rail To Florida By 2014". Metro Jacksonville. Diakses tanggal July 16, 2012. FECI envisions a three-hour trip between the cities at an average speed similar to the Acela between New York and Washington, DC... The initial 240-mile project between Orlando and downtown Miami is expected to cost $1 billion. 
  121. ^ "ACELA High-Speed Rail Network System". Railway Technology. Diakses tanggal May 19, 2012. The 225 mile (362 km) New York Penn Station to Washington, DC takes 2 hours 48 minutes, an average of 80mph (129 km/h). 
  122. ^ Gale, Kevin (March 22, 2012). "Florida East Coast Industries plans Miami-to-Orlando passenger service". South Florida Business Journal. Diakses tanggal May 18, 2012. 
  123. ^ Parker, Terri (July 23, 2014). "State requires All Aboard Florida to install millions in safety upgrades". WPBF. Diakses tanggal February 10, 2015. 
  124. ^ "Private passenger train vision calls for double-tracking Florida East Coast" . Trains Magazine. March 23, 2012. Diakses tanggal March 29, 2012. 
  125. ^ "All Aboard Florida Passenger Rail Project FONSI". Federal Railroad Administration. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  126. ^ "Southeast Florida Passenger Rail Update: Sept. 20, 2013 Council Meeting" (PDF). Trasurer Coast Regional Planning Council. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  127. ^ Stone, Rick (August 14, 2014). "'Quiet Zones' Along The FEC Tracks May Silence Critics As Well As Train Whistles". WLRN. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  128. ^ "Federal Railroad Administration's Train Horn & Quiet Zone Rule". Union Pacific. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  129. ^ Reiser, Emon (August 13, 2014). "All Aboard Florida secures funds for Broward-Palm Beach quiet zone". South Florida Business Journal. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  130. ^ Chardy, Alfonso (January 16, 2015). "With 'quiet zones' funded for Miami-Dade, All Aboard Florida moves ahead". Miami Herald. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  131. ^ Sorentrue, Jennifer (January 11, 2018). "UPDATE: Quiet zone work to be completed in March, Brightline says". Palm Beach Post. Diakses tanggal February 9, 2018. 
  132. ^ Shatzman, Marci (May 30, 2018). "Trains to silence horns at 10 Boca Raton crossings". Sun Sentinel. Diakses tanggal June 1, 2018. 
  133. ^ "FRA Locomotive Horn Sounding and Quiet Zone Establishment". FRA. Diakses tanggal August 21, 2019. 
  134. ^ "All Aboard Florida – Miami to Orlando Passenger Rail Service Draft Environmental Impact Statement". Federal Railroad Administration. September 19, 2014. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  135. ^ "Will Brightline replace the 90-year-old St. Lucie River railroad bridge after all?". Treasure Coast. 
  136. ^ "49 U.S.C. 26105 – Definitions". U.S. Government Publishing Office. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2018. 
  137. ^ "The Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Diakses tanggal October 10, 2012. 
  138. ^ Tracy, Dan (July 16, 2013). "Deal could lead to Miami-Orlando train, extended Osceola toll road". Orlando Sentinel. Diakses tanggal July 30, 2013. 
  139. ^ "F A Q". Brightline (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal June 10, 2018. 
  140. ^ Spear, Kevin (May 21, 2019). "Virgin Trains announces construction start for rail between Orlando and South Florida". orlandosentinel.com. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2020. 
  141. ^ "All Aboard Florida secures right-of-way, station agreements". Railway Track and Structures. October 4, 2013. Diakses tanggal October 9, 2013. 
  142. ^ Brightline Construction: Work Train on the Orlando Line – January 10, 2022 (dalam bahasa Inggris), diakses tanggal January 28, 2022 
  143. ^ "A BEHIND-SCENES LOOK AT BRIGHTLINE'S BASECAMP:FLORIDA'S STATE-OF-THE-ART TRAIN MAINTENANCE FACILITY". www.gobrightline.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 
  144. ^ Seemuth, Mike (January 18, 2016). "Concrete pours for Brightline facility in West Palm Beach". The Real Deal Miami (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal May 10, 2016. 
  145. ^ "Cummins QSK95 achieves Tier 4 certification". Railway Gazette. London. April 6, 2016. 
  146. ^ a b c "Brightline unveils Siemens locomotives and coaches". Railway Gazette. London. June 8, 2016. 
  147. ^ Trejos, Nancy (November 9, 2015). "New Florida train service to whisk passengers between Miami and Orlando". USA Today. 
  148. ^ "Florida's Brightline to 'take the grey out of travel'". Railway Gazette. November 10, 2015. 
  149. ^ "All Aboard Florida Selects Siemens as Train Manufacturer" (Siaran pers). All Aboard Florida. September 11, 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 20, 2018. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2018. 
  150. ^ Brinkmann, Paul (September 11, 2014). "Siemens to build All Aboard Florida trains". Orlando Sentinel. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2015. 
  151. ^ Hendrickson, Eric (December 13, 2016). "First Brightline train on FEC rails". Trains Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 17, 2016. Diakses tanggal December 16, 2016. 
  152. ^ Viglucci, Andres (December 14, 2016). "Take a gander at the very first finished Brightline train, now steaming to South Florida". Miami Herald. Diakses tanggal December 16, 2016. 
  153. ^ "Fifth Trainset Delivered As Brightline Named Official Train Service Of Miami HEAT" (Siaran pers). Brightline. October 5, 2017. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2018 – via PR Newswire. 
  154. ^ "BRIGHT ORANGE 2, BRIGHTLINE'S FINAL TRAINSET FOR THE ORLANDO EXTENSION PROJECT ARRIVES IN ORLANDO". www.gobrightline.com (Siaran pers) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Brightline. February 19, 2023. 
  155. ^ "Brightline train service begins in South Florida". WFTV 9. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. January 11, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 9, 2018. 
  156. ^ "Trains". Brightline. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 20, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 9, 2018. 
  157. ^ Vantuono, William C. (June 5, 2017). "Brightline going biodiesel". Railway Age. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2018. 
  158. ^ "Charger Diesel-Electric Locomotive: All Aboard Florida" (PDF). Siemens Mobility. 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal June 23, 2016. Diakses tanggal January 3, 2016. 
  159. ^ a b "Bright Orange 2, Brightline's Final Trainset for the Orlando Extension Project Arrives in Orlando". www.gobrightline.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). February 19, 2023. Diakses tanggal September 24, 2023. 
  160. ^ "America's Passenger Rail Experience" (PDF). Siemens. 
  161. ^ "Brightline Hits Record 130 MPH, Orders 20 More Cars To Increase Capacity". The Next Miami (dalam bahasa Inggris). March 7, 2023. Diakses tanggal April 4, 2023. 
  162. ^ Dunnan, Tory (September 28, 2023). "Brightline safety resurfaces following death in St. Lucie County". WPTV. West Palm Beach. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2023. 
  163. ^ Spencer, Terry (February 16, 2022). "Florida high-speed rail deaths rise to 57 in 5 years". Associated Press. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 24, 2023. Diakses tanggal April 25, 2023. 
  164. ^ Rosa, Parker Branton, Amanda Batchelor, Roy Ramos, Christian De La (May 2, 2022). "Young father dies following crash involving Brightline train in Pompano Beach". WPLG (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal September 28, 2023. 
  165. ^ Vazquez, Annaliese Garcia, Christina (May 4, 2022). "Driver of Jeep identified following deadly crash involving Brightline train in Hollywood". WPLG (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal September 28, 2023. 
  166. ^ Gilboy, James (2023-04-14). "Watch a Train Smash Into a Car Carrier Full of Porsches, Mercedes, and BMWs in Florida". The Drive (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-10-24. 
  167. ^ "Brightline reports first fatality on new extension to Orlando". WESH (dalam bahasa Inggris). September 29, 2023. Diakses tanggal September 29, 2023. 
  168. ^ "Brightline train headed to Orlando fatally strikes pedestrian". WSVN 7News | Miami News, Weather, Sports | Fort Lauderdale (dalam bahasa Inggris). September 28, 2023. Diakses tanggal September 29, 2023. 
  169. ^ Lewis, Victoria; Papaycik, Matt (August 9, 2022). "Lake Worth Beach death marks 3rd fatal Brightline crash in Palm Beach County in week". WPTV (dalam bahasa Inggris). Scripps Media. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 10, 2022. Diakses tanggal August 12, 2022. 
  170. ^ a b Marquis, Erin (May 20, 2022). "America's Deadliest Train Is Getting Even Faster, Going Farther". Jalopnik (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal September 28, 2023. 
  171. ^ https://www.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/1173478/a757432042a02482d4c66fcbee61e5bf/FAQ_bahnuebergang-data.pdf

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Brightline.

Peta rute:

Berkas KML (sunting • bantuan)
KML is from Wikidata
  • [http:// Situs resmi]

Templat:Brightline rail Templat:Florida railroads Templat:Higher-speed rail Templat:High-speed rail in the United States Templat:South Florida rail metro system Templat:Railway electrification

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Brightline&oldid=25102803"