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Kapal Pendarat kelas Teluk Gilimanuk

Revisi sejak 28 Maret 2024 09.48 oleh Gung Sunu (bicara | kontrib)

Kelas Teluk Gilimanuk merupakan kelas medium landing ship (LSM) yang saat ini dioperasikan oleh TNI Angkatan Laut. Mereka awalnya dibangun di Jerman Timur untuk Volksmarine sebagai kelas Hoyerswerda (Kode NATO: kelas Frosch I dan II). Kapal-kapal ini diakuisisi TNI Angkatan Laut pada tahun 1990-an.[2]

KRI Teluk Manado (537) pada 17 Oktober 2017
Tentang kelas
Nama:kelas Teluk Gilimanuk
kelas Hoyerswerda class / Frosch
Pembangun:VEB Peenewerft, Wolgast
Operator: Angkatan Laut Jerman Timur (mantan)
 Angkatan Laut Indonesia (saat ini)
Didahului oleh:kelas Teluk Semangka
Digantikan oleh:kelas Teluk Bintuni
Dibangun:1974–1980
Beroperasi:1976-1990 (Volksmarine)
1993–sekarang (Angkatan Laut Indonesia)
Rencana:14
Selesai:14
Aktif:11
Hilang:2
Dipensiunkan:1
Ciri-ciri umum
Jenis Medium Landing Ship
Berat benaman
Panjang
  • Frosch I: 98 m (321 ft 6 in)
  • Frosch II: 907 m (2.975 ft 9 in)
    • Lebar 111 m (364 ft 2 in)
    Daya muat 28 m (92 ft)
    Tenaga
    • Frosch I:
    • 5,000 hp (0,003677 MW)
    • Frosch II:
    • 4,408 hp (0,003242 MW)
    Pendorong
  • 2 x mesin diesel 61B 4A
  • 2 x poros
    • Kecepatan 18 knot (33 km/h; 21 mph)
    Kapasitas 11 tank amfibi atau kargo 400–600 ton
    Tentara 1 kompi marinir
    Awak kapal 46
    Sensor dan
    sistem pemroses
    • Radar navigasi I-band TSR-333[1]
    • Radar udara/permukaan F-band MR-302 Strut Curve[1]
    Peralatan perang
    elektronik dan tipuan
  • 2 x peluncur sekam PK-16[1]
    • Senjata
  • Frosch I:
    1 × meriam tunggal Bofors 40 mm L/60
    1 × meriam kembar V-11 37 mm L/63
    2 × meriam kembar 2M-3 25 mm
  • Frosch II:
    2 x meriam kembar V-11 37 mm L/63
    2 x meriam kembar 2M-3 25 mm

    • Desain

    Teluk Gilimanuk or Hoyerswerda class consisted of two variants, the Project 108 (Frosch I) regular medium landing ship and Project 109 (Frosch II) combat support ship.

    Project 108 (Frosch I) has a length of 98 m (322 ft), a beam of 111 m (364 ft), with a draught of 28 m (92 ft) and their displacement is 1,950 ton panjang (1,981 t) at full load. The ships is powered by two diesel engines, with total power output of 5,000 tenaga kuda metrik (0,003677 MW) distributed in two shafts.[1]

    Project 109 (Frosch II) has a length of 907 m (2.976 ft), a beam of 111 m (364 ft), with a draught of 28 m (92 ft) and their displacement is 1,700 ton panjang (1,727 t) at full load. The ships is powered by two diesel engines, with total power output of 4,408 tenaga kuda metrik (0,003242 MW) distributed in two shafts.[3]

    Both variants have a speed of 18 knot (33 km/h)[1]

    They both have a complement of 46 personnel.[3]

    The Project 108 has a cargo capacity of 600 ton panjang (610 t), while the Project 109 has a cargo capacity of 650 ton panjang (660 t). They are equipped with a 5-ton crane amidships.[1][3]

    The ships were initially armed with two АК-725 [ru] twin 57 mm guns, complemented by two AK-230 twin barrel 30 mm guns for Project 108, and two 2М-3 [ru] twin 25 mm autocannons for Project 109. Some ships of Project 108 were also equipped with two 40-tube 122 mm rocket launchers. Both variants were also equipped with Muff Cob fire control radar.[4][5] In Indonesian service, the Project 108 ships were rearmed with one single Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun, one twin V-11 37 mm L/63 guns, and two twin 2М-3 25 mm autocannons,[1] while the Project 109 were rearmed with two twin V-11 37 mm L/63 guns and two twin 2M-3 25 mm autocannons.[3]

    Pengembangan

    Twelve former German Democratic Republic fast medium landing ships (531 to 542) of the Project 108 (Frosch I) class were built by VEB Peenewerft, Wolgast, to an East German design, between 1976 and 1979. This class was named after the East German town of Hoyerswerda.

    Logistic support ships of the Project 109 (Frosch II) class were built by the same shipyard as a development of the Frosch I landing ships. Originally commissioned in the Volksmarine on between October 1979 and February 1980.

    Transfer

    The Hoyerswerda class ships, and two support ships of the Project 109 (Frosch II) class, were officially transferred to Indonesian Navy, a on 25 August 1993. Refitted in German yards prior to transfer, where all armament was removed, to be replaced later by Indonesia after delivery.

    The Hoyerswerda class ships were a valuable addition to the Indonesian Navy's landing forces in view of the block obsolescence of their, then current, LST Mark 3 landing ships, obtained from the United States.[6] The LST Mark 3's were designed in 1943, and built before 1946. They were powered by steam engines.Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). Landing Ship Tank (LST) 1942–2002. New Vanguard No. 115. Osprey Publishing. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-1-84176-923-3. 

    After transfer to Indonesia, the two logistic support ships of the Project 109 (Frosch II) class were fitted with 37 mm guns, and with rocket launchers mounted forward of the bridge. They were commissioned 25 April 1995.[3]

    The Teluk Gilimanuk-class ships were bought on 3 September 1992 based on President Instruction No. 3/1992 that was issued by late President Soeharto. The procurement also included 16 Templat:Sclass2 and 9 Kondor-class vessels worth a total cost of $482 million.[7]

    Sejarah operasional

    Originally fourteen Teluk Gilimanuk-class LSMs were commissioned by the Indonesian Navy. All were built by VEB Peenewerft.

    As of 2022 eleven ships are in active service, two were lost in accidents and one ship was retired.

    Data konstruksi
    Nama Hull no. Subkelas/​Projek Peletakan lunas Diluncurkan Diakuisisi Status
    Teluk Gilimanuk 531 Project 108 (Frosch I)[6][1] 25 November 1974 1 Juli 1975 12 Juli 1994 Aktif. Bekas Hoyerswerda
    Teluk Celukan Bawang 532 7 Maret 1975 19 Desember 1975 25 Februari 1994 Aktif. Bekas Hagenow
    Teluk Cendrawasih 533 10 Juni 1975 2 Januari 1976 9 Desember 1994 Aktif. Bekas Frankfurt/Oder
    Teluk Berau 534 10 September 1975 15 Juli 1976 10 Maret 1995 Dihantam dan tenggelam pada tahun 2012 setelah digunakan sebagai kapal sasaran rudal Yakhont selama Latihan Armada Jaya XXXI.[8] Bekas Eberswalde-Finow
    Teluk Peleng 535 11 Desember 1975 2 Oktober 1976 23 September 1993 Kandas pada November 2013 setelah bertabrakan dengan tonggak beton.[9] Bekas Lubben
    Teluk Sibolga 536 17 Maret 1976 18 Januari 1977 15 Desember 1993 Aktif. Bekas Schwerin
    Teluk Manado 537 21 Agustus 1976 6 April 1977 2 Juni 1995 Aktif. Bekas Neubrandenburg
    Teluk Hading 538 22 November 1976 10 June 1977 12 Juli 1994 Aktif. Bekas Cottbus
    Teluk Parigi 539 21 Februari 1977 22 September 1977 21 Juli 1995 Aktif. Bekas Anklam
    Teluk Lampung 540 5 Mei 1977 27 Desember 1977 26 April 1994 Aktif. Bekas Schwedt
    Teluk Jakarta 541 18 Agustus 1977 8 Maret 1978 19 September 1994 Tenggelam usai diterjang gelombang tinggi di dekat Pulau Kangean pada Juli 2020.[10] Bekas Eisenhüttenstadt
    Teluk Sangkulirang 542 2 November 1977 30 Mei 1978 9 Desember 1994 Aktif. Bekas Grimmen
    Teluk Cirebon 543 Project 109 (Frosch II)[3] 26 Januari 1978 30 Agustus 1978 25 April 1995 Aktif. Bekas Nordperd
    Teluk Sabang 544 16 April 1978 30 Oktober 1978 25 April 1995 Aktif. Bekas Südperd

    Lihat juga

    Referensi

    1. ^ a b c d e f g h Saunders 2009, hlm. 362.
    2. ^ "Frosch Class: Tulang Punggung Armada Landing Ship Tank TNI AL". September 1, 2013. 
    3. ^ a b c d e f Saunders 2009, hlm. 365.
    4. ^ Moore 1984, hlm. 186.
    5. ^ Moore 1984, hlm. 188.
    6. ^ a b Gardiner & Chumbley 1995, hlm. 180.
    7. ^ "Tenggelamnya KRI Teluk Jakarta, Kapal Perang Bekas Negara Komunis". tirto.id. 
    8. ^ "Rudal Yakhont Tenggelamkan Eks KRI Teluk Berau". Surya. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-05-13. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-12. 
    9. ^ "Tabrak Pilar Beton Saat Bersandar, KRI Teluk Peleng Karam". Republika Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-05-13. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-12. 
    10. ^ Galih, Bayu (15 July 2020). "Kronologi Tenggelamnya KRI Teluk Jakarta 541 di Dekat Pulau Kangean". Kompas.com. 

    Biografi

    • Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, ed. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. 
    • Moore, Capt. John (1984). Jane's Fighting Ships 1984-85. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0710607959. 
    • Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 9780710628886. 
     
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