HMS Illustrious (87)
kapal Induk
HMS Illustrious adalah kapal induk milik Britania Raya yang dibangun sebelum Perang Dunia II. Ia tergabung dalam Armada Mediterania, dimana pencapaiannya yang paling terkenal yaitu berhasil menenggelamkan 1 kapal perang milik Italia (Conte di Cavour) dan membuat 2 kapal lainnya rusak parah (Littorio dan Caio Duilio) pada Pertempuran Taranto pada akhir tahun 1940.
_(20921205028).jpg) Illustrious sekitar tahun 1954
| |
| Sejarah | |
|---|---|
 Britania Raya
| |
| Nama | Illustrious |
| Dipesan | 13 April 1937 |
| Pembangun | Vickers-Armstrongs |
| Pasang lunas | 27 April 1937 |
| Diluncurkan | 5 April 1939 |
| Mulai berlayar | 25 Mei 1940 |
| Dipensiunkan | Februari 1955 |
| Tidak beroperasi | Februari 1955 |
| Identifikasi | Nomor umbul: 87[1] |
| Motto |
|
| Penghargaan | Genova 1795, Jalan Basque 1809, Jawa 1811, Taranto 1940, Mediterania 1940–1942, Konvoi Malta 1940, Diego Suarez 1942, Salerno 1943, Sabang 1944, Palembang 1945, Okinawa 1945[3] |
| Nasib | Dijual untuk dibongkar pada November 1956 |
Karier
suntingIllustrious ikut serta dalam mendukung invasi Prancis Vichy di Madagaskar (Operasi Ironclad) pada awal 1942. Pada tahun 1951, dia membantu mengangkut pasukan untuk memadamkan kerusuhan di Siprus setelah runtuhnya Perjanjian Anglo-Mesir tahun 1936. Ia juga terlibat dalam pertempuran di Samudera Pasifik seperti Operasi Meridian.[4] Ia akhirnya dibongkar pada bulan November 1956.[5]
Skuadron yang pernah bertugas
sunting_1944.jpg)
| Skuadron | Pesawat yang dioperasikan | Bertugas (dari – sampai) | Catatan |
|---|---|---|---|
| 802 | Hawker Sea Fury | Juli – Agustus 1951 | –[6] |
| 806 | Blackburn Skua Fairey Fulmar Grumman F4F Wildcat |
11 Juni 1940 – 11 Januari 1941 29 Mei–19 Oktober 1942 |
–[7] |
| 810 | Fairey Swordfish Fairey Barracuda |
2–8 Desember 1941 10 Maret 1942 – 2 November 1944 |
–[8] |
| 815 | Fairey Swordfish Grumman TBF Avenger |
11 Juni 1940 – 10 Januari 1941 17 September – 14 Oktober 1954 |
–[9] |
| 819 | Fairey Swordfish | 11 Juni 1940 – 10 Januari 1941 | Dibubarkan[10] |
| 829 | Fairey Albacore Fairey Swordfish |
2–8 Desember 1941 7 Maret – 21 September 1942 |
Dibubarkan[11] |
| 832 | Grumman TBF Avenger | 3–25 Mei 1944 | –[12] |
| 845 | Grumman TBF Avenger | 3–27 Mei 1944 | –[13] |
| 847 | Fairey Barracuda | 28 November 1943 – 18 Juni 1944 | –[14] |
| 854 | Grumman TBF Avenger | 1 Desember 1944 – 18 Mei 1945 | –[15] |
| 878 | Grumman F4F Wildcat | 8 Juni–18 Oktober 1943 | –[16] |
| 881 | Grumman F4F Wildcat Fairey Fulmar |
15 Maret 1942 – 18 Februari 1943 | –[17] |
| 882 | Grumman F4F Wildcat | 22 Maret–7 September 1942 | Digabung ke Skuadron 881[18] |
| 890 | Grumman F4F Wildcat | 14 Juni–19 Oktober 1942 | –[19] |
| 894 | Supermarine Seafire II | 24 Juli–24 Agustus 1943 20 September–18 Oktober 1943 |
–[20] |
| 1830 | Vought F4U Corsair | 9 Desember 1943 – 28 Juli 1945 | Dibubarkan[21] |
| 1833 | Vought F4U Corsair | 22 Desember 1943 – 28 Juli 1945 | Dibubarkan[22] |
| 1837 | Vought F4U Corsair | 10 Juni 1944 – 27 Juli 1944 | Dipindahkan ke HMS Victorious[23] |
Kutipan
sunting- ^ Lenton, p. 713
- ^ Lyon, endpaper depan
- ^ McCart, p. 46
- ^ Brown 1971, p. 258; Brown, J. D., pp. 92–93; McCart, pp. 29–30
- ^ Brown 1971, pp. 263–64; McCart, pp. 42–46
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 169–70
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 185–86
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 198, 200–01
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 226–27
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 240–41
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 286–87
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 296–97
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 316
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 326–27
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 346
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 354
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 362
- ^ Sturtivant, pp. 363–64
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 376
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 386
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 406
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 413
- ^ Sturtivant, p. 417
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Brown, David (1971). HMS Illustrious: Aircraft Carrier 1939–1956: Operational History. Warship Profile. 11. Windsor, UK: Profile Publications. OCLC 33202926.
- Brown, David (1977). WWII Fact Files: Aircraft Carriers. New York: Arco Publishing. ISBN 0-668-04164-1.
- Brown, Eric, Captain (May 1983). "Attacker – A Belated Beginning". Air International. Bromley, Kent, UK: The Air International. 22 (5): 233–41. ISSN 0306-5634.
- Brown, J. D. (2009). Carrier Operations in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-108-2.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- Cernuschi, Ernesto & O'Hara, Vincent P. (2010). "Taranto: The Raid and the Aftermath". Dalam Jordan, John. Warship 2010. London: Conway. hlm. 77–95. ISBN 978-1-84486-110-1.
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (edisi ke-Rev.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
- Friedman, Norman (1988). British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and Their Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-054-8.
- Gustavsson, Håkan & Slongo, Ludovico (2010). Desert Prelude: "Operation Compass". Sandomierz, Poland: Stratus. ISBN 978-83-61421-18-4.
- Hobbs, David (2013). British Aircraft Carriers: Design, Development and Service Histories. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-138-0.
- Hobbs, David (2011). The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-044-3.
- Jackson, A. J. (1968). Blackburn Aircraft Since 1909. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00053-6.
- Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-048-7.
- Lyon, D. J. (1971). HMS Illustrious: Aircraft Carrier 1939–1956: Technical History. Warship Profile. 10. Windsor, UK: Profile Publications. OCLC 42677169.
- McCart, Neil (2000). The Illustrious & Implacable Classes of Aircraft Carrier 1940–1969. Cheltenham, UK: Fan Publications. ISBN 1-901225-04-6.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War Two (edisi ke-Third Revised). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
- Shores, Christopher (1996). Dust Clouds in the Middle East: The Air War for East Africa, Iraq, Syria and Madagascar, 1940–42. London: Grub Street. ISBN 1-898697-37-X.
- Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian & Malizia, Nicola (1987a). Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-07-0.
- Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian & Malizia, Nicola (1987b). Malta: The Hurricane Years: 1940–41. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-06-2.
- Smith, Peter C. (2008). Dive Bomber!: Aircraft, Technology, and Tactics in World War II. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-3454-4.
- Stephen, Martin (1988). Sea Battles in Close-Up: World War 2. 1. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-556-6.
- Sturtivant, Ray (1984). The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-120-7.
- Taylor, H. A. (1974). Fairey Aircraft Since 1915 (edisi ke-1988). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-208-7.
Bacaan lanjutan
sunting- Chesneau, Roger (1995). Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present: An Illustrated Encyclopedia (edisi ke-New, Revised). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-902-2.
- Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
Pranala luar
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