Panavia Tornado

Panavia Tornado adalah pesawat tempur dua mesin bersayap variabel yang dibuat bersama oleh Inggris, Jerman Barat dan Italia. Ada 3 varian utama dari pesawat ini Tornado IDS (serang darat), Tornado ECR (Perang Elektronika/intai) dan Tornado ADV (Varian pertahanan udara/Air Defence Variant atau pesawat buru sergap).

Panavia Tornado

Tornado IDS Luftwaffe Jerman
Tipe	Serang darat Perang Elektronika
Terbang perdana	14 Agustus 1974
Diperkenalkan	1979
Status	Operasional
Pengguna utama	Royal Air Force
Pengguna lain	Bundeswehr - (Luftwaffe dan Marine) Italia Arab Saudi
Tahun produksi	1979-1999
Jumlah produksi	992
Varian	Panavia Tornado ADV

Varian

Tornado IDS

Tornado GR4

RAF Tornado GR4 during Operation Telic.

RAF Tornado GR4 (ZA597) at an English air display, with wings partially swept

Tornado ECR

Luftwaffe Tornado ECR

Tornado ADV

Artikel utama: Panavia Tornado ADV

Spesifikasi (Tornado GR4)

Data dari

Ciri-ciri umum

• Kru: 2
• Panjang: 16.72 m
• Rentang sayap: 13.91 m at 25° wing sweep, 8.60 m at 67° wing sweep
• Tinggi: 5.95 m
• Luas sayap: 26.6 m²
• Berat kosong: 13,890 kg
• Berat maksimum saat lepas landas: 28,000 kg
• Mesin: 2 × Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk 103 afterburning turbofans
  • Dorongan kering: 43.8 kN (9,850 lbf) masing-masing
  • Dorongan dengan pembakar lanjut: 76.8 kN (17,270 lbf) masing-masing

Kinerja

• Laju maksimum: 800kts IAS Mach 2.34 (2,417.6 km/h, 1,511 mph)
• Jangkauan: 1,390 km typical combat
• Jangkauan feri: 3,890 km (2,417 mi) with four external drop tanks
• Langit-langit batas: 15,240 m
• Laju tanjak: 76.7 m/s
• Dorongan/berat: 0.55

Persenjataan

• Senjata api: 2× 27 mm Mauser BK-27 cannon with 180 rounds per gun (versus 1× BK-27 mounted on Panavia Tornado ADV)
• Titik keras: 4× light duty + 3× heavy duty under-fuselage and 4× swivelling under-wing pylon stations holding up to 9000 kg (19,800 lb) of payload, the two inner wing pylons have shoulder launch rails for 2× Short-Range AAM (SRAAM) each
• Roket: None
• Rudal:
  
  • Air-to-air missiles:
    • AIM-9 Sidewinder or IRIS-T or AIM-132 ASRAAM for self-defence
  • Air-to-surface missiles:
    • 6× AGM-65 Maverick; or
    • 12× Brimstone missile (12 being the maximum operational limit carried by RAF's Tornado GR4); or
    • 4× Storm Shadow or Taurus KEPD 350 cruise missile
  • Anti-ship missiles:
    • 2× AS.34 Kormoran; or
    • 2× BAe Sea Eagle; or
  • Anti-radiation missiles:
    • 4× AGM-88 HARM; or
    • 9× ALARM missile
• Bom:
  
  • Hunting Engineering BL755 cluster bombs; or
  • HOPE/HOSBO GPS/electro-optically guided glide bombs; or
  • Joint Direct Attack Munition; or
  • Paveway series of Laser-guided bomb (LGB); or
  • Up to 2× JP233 or MW-1 munitions dispensers (for runway cratering operations)
  • Up to 4× B61 or WE.177 tactical nuclear weapons
• Others:
  
• Up to 4× drop tanks for ferry flight/extended range/loitering time

Avionik

• RAPTOR aerial reconnaissance pod
• RAFAEL LITENING targeting pod; or
• TIALD laser designator pod

Lihat pula

• Future Offensive Air System

Pengembangan yang berhubungan

• Panavia Tornado ADV

Pesawat sebanding dalam peran, konfigurasi, dan era

• F-15E Strike Eagle
• F-111 Aardvark
• Mikoyan MiG-27
• Sukhoi Su-24
• F-14 Tomcat

Daftar terkait

• List of active United Kingdom military aircraft
• List of military aircraft of Germany

Album

• Dassault Mirage III
• Berkas:Italian air force Tornado 1991.jpg
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Referensi

Bibliografi

• Scutts, Jerry (2000). Postwar Aircraft. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781841761596. 
• Taylor, Michael J.H. (2001). Flight International World Aircraft & Systems Directory (edisi ke-3rd Edition). United Kingdom: Reed Business Information. ISBN 061701289X. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)

Pranala luar

• RAF Squadrons
• Airforce Fact Files
• FAS - BAe Tornado
• Aerospace Web - Tornado IDS
• Unofficial Panavia Tornado site
• List of all active German Tornados