Wikipedia

Led Zeppelin I

Album studio debut 1969 oleh Led Zeppelin
Revisi sejak 18 Oktober 2010 02.51 oleh Thenazisgeneral (bicara | kontrib) (→Artwork)
Untuk the box set of the same name, lihat Led Zeppelin (box set).

Led Zeppelin adalah album pertama dari band asal Inggris, Led Zeppelin. Album ini direkam pada bulan Oktober 1968 di Olympic Studios, London dan diterbitkan oleh Atlantic Records pada tanggal 12 Januari 1969. Album ini dilengkapi dengan kontribusi yang menyatu dari masing-masing anggota Led Zeppelin dan meletakan dasar fusi blues dan rock khas Led Zeppelin. Led Zeppelin juga menciptakan sekelompok besar penggemar, dengan konsep heavy metal yang unik, yang turut menciptakan gerakan kontra-budaya di kedua sisi Samudera Atlantik.

Led Zeppelin
Album studio karya Led Zeppelin
Dirilis12 Januari 1969
DirekamOktober 1968, Olympic Studios, London
GenreHard rock, heavy metal, blues-rock
Durasi44:26
BahasaInggris
LabelAtlantic
ProduserJimmy Page
Kronologi Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin
(1969) 		Led Zeppelin II
(1969)Led Zeppelin II1969
Singel dalam album Led Zeppelin I

Meskipun pada awalnya album ini mendapatkan pandangan negatif, album ini laku keras di pasaran dan kritikus pun sudah mulai melihat album ini dengan pandangan positif. Pada tahun 2003, album ini tercatat di peringkat ke-29 pada daftar 500 Album terbaik Sepanjang Masa yang diterbitkan majalah musik, Rolling Stone.

Latar belakang

pada bulan Agustus 1968, band rock Inggris, The Yardbirds telah bubar secara resmi. Gitaris Jimmy Page, satu-satunya anggota The Yardbirds yang masih tersisa, ditinggalkan hak nama band tersebut dan kewajiban kontrak untuk mengadakan serangkaian tur konser di Skandinavia.[1] Untuk band barunya, Page merekrut bassis John Paul Jones, vokalist Robert Plant and drummer John Bonham. Selama bulan September 1968, kelompok toured Scandinavia sebagai The New Yardbirds, memainkan serangkaian lagu lama dari The Yardbirds beserta lagu-lagu baru seperti "Communication Breakdown", "I Can't Quit You Baby", "You Shook Me", "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" dan "How Many More Times".[2] Sebulan sekelmbalinya mereka ke London, pada bulan Oktober 1968, Page mengganti nama The New Yardbirds, menjadi Led Zeppelin, dan Led Zeppelin kemudian memasuki Olympic Studios di London untuk merekam album perdana mereka.[3]

Recording dan produksi

Sesi rekaman

Pada sebuah wawancara tahun 1990, Page menyatakan bahwa album ini hanya memakan waktu sekitar 36 jam saja (tersebar di beberapa minggu) untuk membuat (sekaligus proses mixing). Page menambahkan lebih lanjut, bahwa dirinya mengetahui hal ini berdasarkan jumlah tagihan pemakaian studio mereka.[4][5] Salah satu alasan utama dari waktu perekaman yang tertgolong singkat ini adalah bahwa material album yang akan direkam sudah sering dilatih dari awal dan telah direncanakan sejak tour of Scandinavia pada bulan September 1968.[6] Seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Page, "[Band ini] telah mulai mengembangkan aransemen aransemen pada saat tur di Skandinavia, dan saya tahu persis suara seprti apa yang saya cari. Semuanya datang bersamaan dengan sangat cepat."[7]

Sebagai tambahan, sejak band ini belum menandatangani kesepakatan apapun dengan Atlantic Records, Page dan manajer Led Zeppelin, Peter Grant membayar semua sesi perekamannya sendiri, yang artinbya adalah tidak ada uang perusahaan rekaman yang dipergunakan kala membayar jam perekaman yang berlebih.[8] Pada sesi wawancara yang lain, Page mengakui bahwa swadana ini untuk memastikan kebebasan berseni mereka, "Saya menginginkan kontrol artistik pada tingkat yang berbeda, sebab saya mengetahu denga tepat apa yang ingin saya lakukan bersama teman-teman saya ini. Bahkan sebenarnya. saya mendanai dan merekam sepenuhnya album pertama ini sebelum saya ke Atlantic (perusahaan rekaman). ... Bukan cerita biasa ketika Anda maju selangkah di depa pada proses pembuatan album-kami tiba di Atlantic dengan rekaman di tangan ... Reaksi Atlantic sangatlah positif-maksud saya, mereka membuat konrak dengan kita, kan?"[9]

Biaya yang erhitung saat Led Zeppelin merekam album ini adalah sebesar £1,782.[8][10] Pakar Led Zeppelin, Dave Lewis mencatat bahwa "[d]engan pengecualian perekaman 12 jam yang the Beatles ambil untuk merekam album pertama mereka di Abbey Road, jarang ada pemakaian studio yang sangat ekonomis seperti ini. Album pertama Led Zeppelin laku terjual lebih dari £3.5 juta, hanya sedikit kurang dari 2,000 kali lebih dari yang mereka investasikan!"[8]

Untuk perekama ini, Page menggunakan sebuah Fender Telecaster yang di-cat psychedelic, sebuah hadiah dari Jeff Beck setelah Page merekomendasikan teman masa kecilnya ke the Yardbirds pada tahun 1965 sebagai pengganti yang potensial untuk Eric Clapton pada posisi lead guitar.[11] Ini berbeda dari gitar yang lebih banyak dipakai pada album-album beikutnya (yang paling terkenal, Gibson Les Paul). Page memainkan Telecaster ini dengan memakai amplifier Supro.[11] Dia juga menggunakan Gibson J-200, yang ia pinjam dari Big Jim Sullivan, untuk merekam lagu-lagu akustik pada album ini.[11] Untuk lagu "Your Time Is Gonna Come" ia memakai steel guitar Fender 10-senar.[11]

Produksi

Led Zeppelin diproduseri oleh Jimmy Page dan ditangani secara teknis oleh Glyn Johns, yang sebelumnya sudah pernah bekerja bersama The Beatles, The Rolling Stones dan The Who. Kata Page, "Album pertama adalah album live, benar-benar live, dan ini dilakukan dengan sengaja. Terdapat banyak overdubs disana-sini, tetapi lagu aslinya adalah live."[12]

Page dilaporkan menggunaka ruangan dengan nuansa alami untuk meningkatkan efek reverd dan tekstur perekaman saat pengambilan suara, menujukan inovasi pada perekaman yang telah ia pelajari selama hari-hari awal kariernya. Sampai akhir 1960-an, mayoritas produser musik menempatkan mikrofonnya tepat di depan amplifier dan drum. Untuk Led Zeppelin Page mengembangkan ide untuk menempatkan mikrofon tambahan yang diletakan agak jauh dari amplifiar (beberapa sejauh hampir 20 kaki) dan kemudian merekam dengan seimbang keduanya. Dengan menerapkan teknik "jarak sama dengan kedalaman" ini, Page menjadi produser pertama untuk merekam "suara-nuansa"-jarak dari setiap time-lag' not dari ujung ruangan ke ujung ruangan lainnya.[13][14]

Fitur lainnya yang patut dicatat dari album ini adalah "kebocoran" pada perekaman vokal Robert Plant. Pada sebuah interview yang dilakukan oleh Guitar World tahun 1998, page menyatakan bahwa "Suara Robert sangat kuat dan, sebagai hasilnya, akan bocor ke track lainnya. Tetapi anehnya, kebocoran ini tampaknya disengaja."[13] Pada lagu "You Shook Me", Page memakai teknik "backward echo". It involves hearing the echo before the main sound (instead of after it), and is achieved by turning the tape over and employing the echo on a spare track, then turning the tape back over again to get the echo preceding the signal.[13]

Album ini adalah salah satu album pertama yang dijual ke pasar hanya dalam format stereo; pada saat itu, para produser biasanya merilis ke pasaran baik versi mono maupun versi stereo.[8]

Artwork

 
Cover depan album Led Zeppelin menggambarkan kapal udara Hindenburg beberapa detik setelah mulai terbakar

Cover depan Led Zeppelin, yang dipilih oleh Page dilengkapi oleh gambar monokromatik dari terbakarnya kapal udara Hindenburg. Gambar ini merujuk terhadap asal nama band ini sendiri:[8] ketika Page, Jeff Beck dan anggota The Who, Keith Moon dan John Entwistle sedang mendiskusikan ide membentuk sebuah grup band, Moon berkelakar, "Band itu mungkin akan jatuh seperti balon udara", dan Entsistle menambahkan, "...sebuah balon Zeppelin!"

Cover belakang Led Zeppelin dilengkapi oleh foto anggota Led Zeppelin yang diambil oleh mantan anggota Yardbird,Chris Dreja.[8] Desain cover album sepenuhnya dikordinasikan oleh George Hardie, desainer yang akan terus dipakai oleh Led Zeppelin untuk cover-cover berikutnya.[8]

Hardie mengingat bahwa pada awalnya ia menawarkan Led Zeppelin sebuah desain berdasarkan sebuah lambang club tua di San Francisco-sebuah gambar multi-sekuen dari kapal udara Zeppelin yang melayang di udara. Page menolak, tetapi logo ini tetap diterima sebagai logo untuk sampul belakang untuk kedua album pertama dan juga beberapa iklan pers awal.[8] Selama beberapa minggu pertama rilis album di Inggris, sampul album dilengkapi dengan nama band dan logo Atlantic berwarna turquoise. Ketika sampul ini diganti menjadi warna oranye yang umum dipakai sekarang, album yang bersampul warna turquoise menjad benda koleksi langka.[8]

Sampul albu, ini mendapat perhatian massa ketika, pada sebuah sesi bulan Februari 1970 di Kopenhagen, Led Zeppelin diundang sebagai "The Nobs" sebagai hasil dari ancaman hukum Eva von Zeppelin (saudara dari pembuat kapal terbang Zeppelin). von Zeppelin, ketika melihat logo Hindenburg terbakar, mengancam untuk menghentikan acara dari saluran radio.[15] Pada tahun 2001, Greg Kot menulis di majalah Rolling Stone bahwa "Sampul album Led Zeppelin. . . menunjukan kapal udara 'Hindenburg' pada kejatuhannya yang agung, terbakar. Gambar ini cukup sukses untuk merangkum isi dari album ini: seks, bencana, dan barang-barang terbakar."[16]

Composition

The conceptual originality of the album was displayed on tracks such as "Good Times Bad Times", "Dazed and Confused" and "Communication Breakdown", which had a distinctively heavy sound to the ears of young rock fans in the late-1960s. Led Zeppelin also featured delicate steel-string acoustic guitar by Page on "Black Mountain Side", and a combination of acoustic and electric approaches on their adaptation of "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You".

"Dazed and Confused" is arguably the album's centerpiece: a foreboding arrangement featuring a descending bass line from Jones, heavy drumming from Bonham and some powerful guitar riffs and soloing from Page. It also showcased Page playing guitar with a violin bow (an idea suggested by David McCallum Sr., whom Page had met while doing studio session work).[17] The bowed guitar in the middle section of the song brought psychedelic rock to experimental new heights, especially in extended stage versions, building on Page's earlier renderings of the song during the latter days of The Yardbirds. "Dazed and Confused" would become Led Zeppelin's signature performance piece for years to come. The bowed guitar technique is also used on "How Many More Times", a song which features a "Bolero" riff and an improvised shift in cadence.[8]

Many of Led Zeppelin's earliest songs were based on blues standards, and the album also included three songs composed by others: "You Shook Me" and "I Can't Quit You Baby", both by blues artist Willie Dixon; and "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You".[8] Regarding the last of these, at the time guitarist Jimmy Page mistakenly believed he was adapting a traditional folk song he had heard on a Joan Baez record, but this was corrected on subsequent rereleases after it was revealed that the song was composed by Anne Bredon in the 1950s.[8] Dixon, on the other hand, received proper credit as the composer of his two songs on this album (although "You Shook Me" would later be additionally credited to J. B. Lenoir) but would go on to settle out of court with Led Zeppelin over partial use of other material of his on Plant's lyrics to "Whole Lotta Love". On "You Shook Me", Plant vocally mimics Page's guitar effects—a metallicised version of the "call and response" blues technique.

Jeff Beck had previously recorded "You Shook Me" for his album, Truth, and accused Page of stealing his idea.[8] With John Paul Jones and drummer Keith Moon of The Who, Page had played on (and says he arranged) "Beck's Bolero", an instrumental on Truth that would be grooved into the mix of the Led Zeppelin jam "How Many More Times". These cross-pollinations led to a rift between Beck and Page, who had played in the Yardbirds together and been friends since childhood.[18] In fact, it was Page who first suggested Beck for the Yardbirds' guitarist position when he was contacted by the band after Eric Clapton's departure.

In an interview he gave in 1975, Page offered his own perspective on the album's music:

For material, we obviously went right down to our blues roots. I still had plenty of Yardbirds riffs left over. By the time Jeff [Beck] did go, it was up to me to come up with a lot of new stuff. It was this thing where [Eric] Clapton set a heavy precedent in the Yardbirds which Beck had to follow and then it was even harder for me, in a way, because the second lead guitarist had suddenly become the first. And I was under pressure to come up with my own riffs. On the first LP I was still heavily influenced by the earlier days. I think it tells a bit, too... It was obvious that somebody had to take the lead, otherwise we'd have all sat around jamming for six months. But after that, on the second LP, you can really hear the group identity coming together.[19]

Plant is credited on the album with "occasional bass". In an interview he gave to Rolling Stone magazine in 2005, Plant made reference to this:

In truth, I was an occasional bass player. It says so on Zeppelin I, next to my name: vocals, harmonica and occasional bass. Very occasionally -- once, I think, since 1968. How in God's name that ended up on the cover is so funny. I'm sure Jonesy [John Paul Jones] didn't like it [laughs]. But I suppose every time he fucked up he could say it was me.[20]

Reception

Penilaian profesional
Skor ulasan
Sumber Nilai
Allmusic      [21]
Blender      [22]
Entertainment Weekly (A-)[23]
Oz (favourable)[24]
Q      [25]
Rolling Stone (1969) (unfavourable)[26]
Rolling Stone (2001)      [27]
Yahoo! Music (favourable)[28]

The album was advertised in selected music papers under the slogan "Led Zeppelin — the only way to fly".[8] It initially received poor reviews. In a stinging assessment, Rolling Stone magazine asserted that the band offered "little that its twin, the Jeff Beck Group, didn't say as well or better three months ago ... It would seem that if they are to fill the void created by the demise of Cream, they will have to find a producer, editor and some material worthy of their collective talents."[29][30] It also called Plant "as foppish as Rod Stewart, but nowhere near so exciting".[31] John Paul Jones later recalled:

We had appalling press at the time. Nobody seemed to want to know us for one reason or another. We got to America and read the Rolling Stone review of the very first album, which was going on about us as another hyped British band. We couldn't believe it. In our naivety we thought we'd done a good album and were doing all right, and then this venom comes flying out. We couldn't understand why or what we'd done to them. After that we were very wary of the press, which became a chicken-and-egg situation. We avoided them and so they avoided us. It was only because we did a lot of shows that our reputation got around as a good live band.[30]

As was noted by rock journalist Cameron Crowe years later: "It was a time of "super-groups," of furiously hyped bands who could barely cut it, and Led Zeppelin initially found themselves fighting upstream to prove their authenticity."[32]

However, press reaction to the album was not entirely negative. In Britain the album received a glowing review in the Melody Maker. Chris Welch wrote, in a review titled "Jimmy Page triumphs — Led Zeppelin is a gas!": "their material does not rely on obvious blues riffs, although when they do play them, they avoid the emaciated feebleness of most so-called British blues bands".[5]

The album was very commercially successful. It was initially released in America on 17 January 1969 to capitalise on the band's first U.S. concert tour. Before that, Atlantic Records had distributed a few hundred advance white label copies to key radio stations and reviewers. A positive reaction to its contents, coupled with a good reaction to the band's opening concerts, resulted in the album generating 50,000 advance orders.[8] Within two months of its release the album had reached Billboard's Top 10.[33] It stayed on the Billboard chart for 73 weeks and held a 79-week run on the British charts. By 1975 it had grossed $7,000,000.[34]

Legacy

The success and influence of the album is today widely acknowledged, even amongst those critics who were initially sceptical. In 2006, for example, Rolling Stone stated that

[The album] was pretty much unlike anything else. The arrangements were more sculpted than those of Cream or Jimi Hendrix, and the musicianship wasn't cumbersome like Iron Butterfly's or bombastic like Vanilla Fudge's. The closest comparisons might be to MC5 or the Stooges—both from Michigan—yet neither had the polish or prowess of Led Zeppelin, nor did Led Zeppelin have the political, social or die-hard sensibility of those landmark bands. What they did have, though, was the potential for a mass audience.[14]

According to Lewis:

Time has done nothing to diminish the quality of one of the finest debut albums ever recorded. There's an urgency and enthusiasm about their performance that retains timeless charm. The nine cuts offer a tour de force of powerful yet often subtle dynamics ... And let's not forget the fact that with this album, Page virtually invents the guitar riff as a key songwriting component.[8]

In 2003, VH1 named Led Zeppelin the 44th greatest album of all time, while Rolling Stone ranked it 29th on the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. It is widely regarded as marking a significant turning point in the evolution of hard rock and heavy metal.[35]

Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
The Times United Kingdom "The 100 Best Albums of All Time"[36] 1993 41
Rolling Stone United States The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[37] 2003 29
Grammy Awards United States Grammy Hall of Fame Award[38] 2004 *
Q United Kingdom "The Music That Changed the World"[39] 2004 7
Robert Dimery United States 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[40] 2006 *
Classic Rock United Kingdom "100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever"[41] 2006 81
Uncut United Kingdom 100 Greatest Debut Albums[42] 2006 7
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame United States The Definitive 200[43] 2007 165
Q United Kingdom 21 Albums That Changed Music[44] 2007 6

* denotes an unordered list

Track listing

Side one
No.JudulPenciptaDurasi
1."Good Times Bad Times"John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page2:47
2."Babe I'm Gonna Leave You"Jimmy Page, Robert Plant, Anne Bredon6:41
3."You Shook Me"Willie Dixon, J. B. Lenoir6:30
4."Dazed and Confused"Jimmy Page6:27
Side two
No.JudulPenciptaDurasi
1."Your Time Is Gonna Come"John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page4:34
2."Black Mountain Side"Jimmy Page2:13
3."Communication Breakdown"John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page2:30
4."I Can't Quit You Baby"Willie Dixon4:43
5."How Many More Times"John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Albert King8:28

"How Many More Times" was listed as 3:30 on the record sleeve deliberately by Jimmy Page in order to trick radio stations into playing the song.[butuh rujukan]

Robert Plant participated in songwriting but wasn't given credit because of unexpired contractual obligations resulting from his association with CBS Records.[8]

Some cassette versions of the album reversed the order of the sides. For these versions, side one began with "Your Time Is Gonna Come" and ended with "How Many More Times", while side two began with "Good Times, Bad Times" and ended with "Dazed and Confused".

Sales chart positions

Album
Chart (1969) Peak Position
Canadian RPM Top 100 Chart[45] 11
UK Albums Chart[46] 6
US Billboard The 200 Albums Chart[47] 10
French Albums Chart[48] 115
Japanese Albums Chart[49] 36
Chart (1970) Peak Position
Norwegian Albums Chart[50] 16
Spanish Albums Chart[51] 1
German Albums Chart[52] 32
Australian Go-Set Top 20 Albums Chart[53] 9
Singles
Year Single Chart Position
1969 "Good Times Bad Times" US Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart (Pop Singles)[54] 80

Sales certifications

Country Sales Certification
Canada (CRIA) 1,000,000+ Diamond[55]
France (SNEP) 100,000+ Gold[56]
Switzerland (IFPI) 25,000+ Gold[57]
Germany (IFPI) 100,000+ Gold[58]
Argentina (CAPIF) 30,000+ Gold[59]
Australia (ARIA) 140,000+ 2x Platinum[60]
United States (RIAA) 8,000,000+ 8x Platinum[61]
Spain (PROMUSICAE) 80,000+ Platinum[62]
United Kingdom (BPI) 600,000+ 2x Platinum[63]*
Netherlands (NVPI) 30,000+ Gold[64]*

Note: (*) Remastered sales only

Personnel

Led Zeppelin
Additional personnel

References

  1. ^ "Led Zeppelin Biography". Rolling Stone. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-01. 
  2. ^ "Concert on 7 September 1968 at Teen-Clubs, Denmark". Led Zeppelin official website. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-01. 
  3. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Led Zeppelin Biography". Allmusic. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-01. 
  4. ^ Led Zeppelin Profiled radio promo CD, 1990
  5. ^ a b Welch, Chris (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 0-85797-930-3, pp. 28, 37.
  6. ^ Dave Schulps, Interview with Jimmy Page, Trouser Press, October 1977.
  7. ^ Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 13.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Complete" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  9. ^ Interview with Jimmy Page, Guitar World magazine, 1993
  10. ^ Mick Wall (2008), When Giants Walked the Earth: A Biography Of Led Zeppelin, London: Orion, p. 52.
  11. ^ a b c d Steven Rosen, 1977 Jimmy Page Interview, Modern Guitars, 25 May 2007 (originally published in the July 1977, issue of Guitar Player magazine). Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "JPinterview" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  12. ^ “I first met Jimmy on Tolworth Broadway, holding a bag of exotic fish...”, Uncut, January 2009, p. 42.
  13. ^ a b c Tolinski, Brad; Di Bendetto, Greg (January 1998). "Light and Shade". Guitar World.
  14. ^ a b Gilmore, Mikal (10 August 2001). "The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 26 June 2008. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "RS2006" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  15. ^ Keith Shadwick Led Zeppelin 1968-1980: The Story Of A Band And Their Music (excerpt posted on Billboard.com)
  16. ^ Kot, Greg (13 September 2001). "Led Zeppelin review". Rolling Stone. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-04. 
  17. ^ Welch, Chris (ed.) Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused, the Stories Behind Every Song. (Page 23) Thunder's Mouth Press, 1998 ISBN 1-56025-188-3
  18. ^ Stephen Davis (1995). Hammer of the Gods (LPC). hlm. 44, 57 64, 190, 225, 277. ISBN 0-330-43859-X. 
  19. ^ "Cameron Crowe interview Led Zeppelin". 1975-03-18. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-07. 
  20. ^ Austin Scaggs, Q&A: Robert Plant, Rolling Stone, 5 May 2005.
  21. ^ Allmusic Review
  22. ^ Blender Review
  23. ^ Entertainment Weekly Review
  24. ^ Oz Review
  25. ^ Q Review
  26. ^ Rolling Stone Review
  27. ^ Rolling Stone Review
  28. ^ Yahoo! Music Review
  29. ^ Rolling Stone, 15 March 1969.
  30. ^ a b Mat Snow, “Apocalypse Then”, Q magazine, December 1990, pp. 74-82.
  31. ^ BBC News 12 September 2007
  32. ^ Liner notes by Cameron Crowe for The Complete Studio Recordings
  33. ^ "Led Zeppelin Biography". Rolling Stone. Diakses tanggal 2009-09-09. 
  34. ^ Billboard discography
  35. ^ Review by Allmusic
  36. ^ "The Times: The 100 Best Albums of All Time — December 1993". The Times. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-10. 
  37. ^ "The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-18. 
  38. ^ "The Grammy Hall of Fame Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-18. 
  39. ^ "The Music That Changed The World (Part One: 1954 – 1969)". Q Magazine special edition. UK. 2004. 
  40. ^ Dimery, Robert (7 February 2006). "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". Universe. New York, NY (ISBN 0-7893-1371-5). hlm. 910. 
  41. ^ "Classic Rock - 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever — April 2006". Classic Rock. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-10. 
  42. ^ "100 Greatest Debut Albums". Uncut Magazine. UK. 2006. 
  43. ^ "The Definitive 200". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 August 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-18. 
  44. ^ "21 Albums That Changed Music". Q Magazine 21st anniversary issue. UK. 2007. 
  45. ^ "RPM Albums Chart - 21 April 1969". RPM. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-17. 
  46. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 10 May 1969". chartstats.com. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  47. ^ "The Billboard 200 - 17 May 1969". Billboard. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-17.  [pranala nonaktif]
  48. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 1969". infodisc.fr. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  49. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 1969". Oricon. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  50. ^ "Top 20 Albums - 8 February 1970". norwegiancharts.com. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-17. 
  51. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 21 February 1970". PROMUSICAE. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  52. ^ "Top 100 Albums — February 1970". charts-surfer.de. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19.  [pranala nonaktif]
  53. ^ "Top 20 Albums - 23 May 1970". Go Set. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  54. ^ "Hot 100 Singles - 19 April 1969". Billboard. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19.  [pranala nonaktif]
  55. ^ "CRIA Led Zeppelin - 1 December 1982". CRIA. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  56. ^ "Disque en France: Led Zeppelin - 1982". SNEP. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19.  [pranala nonaktif]
  57. ^ "Swiss Charts Certifications: Led Zeppelin - 1991". swisscharts.com. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  58. ^ "Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Led Zeppelin - 1993". musikindustrie.de. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19.  [pranala nonaktif]
  59. ^ "CAPIF: Led Zeppelin - 1993". CAPIF. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  60. ^ "ARIA Album Accreditations - 31 December 1999". ARIA. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  61. ^ "RIAA.org Led Zeppelin - 2 March 2001". RIAA. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  62. ^ "PROMUSICAE Led Zeppelin - 2002". PROMUSICAE. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 
  63. ^ "BPI Led Zeppelin certification - 20 October 2006". BPI. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19.  [pranala nonaktif]
  64. ^ "NVPI: Led Zeppelin - 2006". NVPI. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-19. 

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