Dane
Dane (baca: Den) adalah suatu suku Jermanik Utara (timur sungai Rhine), zaman sekarang adalah yang menempati Swedia selatan dan kepulauan Denmark (dan lalu Jutlandia). Di kitab Getica yang ditulis Jordanes di abad 6, suku ini disebut oleh Procopius dan Santo Gregorius dari Tours.
Dalam deskripsi Scandza, Jordanes berkata bahwa Dani adalah satu keturunan dengan suku Suetidi (Swedes, Suithiod), mengusir Heruli dan mengambil tanah mereka.[1]
Berdasarkan penulis abad 12 Sven Aggesen, raja Dan yang menamai suku Danes.
Syair Inggris Kuno Widsith dan Beowulf, dan tulisan dari penulis Skandinavia — yaitu Saxo Grammaticus (c. 1200) — adalah bukti sejarah suku Dane.
Zaman Viking
Selama masa Viking, suku Dane bertempat di Semenanjung Jutlandia, pulau Zealand, dan Swedia selatan. Di awal abad 11 Raja Canute Yang Agung (wafat tahun 1035) memimpin Denmark dan England sebagai satu wilayah selama 20 tahun.
Danelaw
Danes assaulted Great Britain and Ireland beginning about AD 800 and were gradually followed by a succession of Danish settlers. The Danes began settling England in 865 when brothers Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ivar the Boneless wintered in East Anglia. Halfdan and Ivar moved north and captured Northumbria in 867 as well as York. [2] The Danes invaded Ireland in AD 853 and were followed by Danish settlers who gradually assimilated with the local population and adopted Christianity.
The best known clan of Vikings was the Tilsted Clan. Its leader, Tilsted "The Grey", was one of Sweyn Forkbeard's most beloved chieftains[3]. It was Tilsted who, in 991, led the fierce Danish assault at the Battle of Maldon in Essex, which persuaded Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury to advise King Aethelred to buy off the Danes for the sum of ten thousand pounds[butuh rujukan].
Three years later in 994, Sweyn Forkbeard and Olaf Trygvason returned to lay siege to London. Though the raid was unsuccessful, legend has it that it was the sight of Tilsted in the midst of the Viking army that convinced the Anglo-Saxons to buy off the Danes once again. The amount of silver paid impressed the Danes with the idea that it was more profitable to extort payments from the English than to take whatever booty they could plunder.
Tilsted stayed loyal to Sweyn Forkbeard and died in 1013, after having sailed up the rivers Humber and Trent with Sweyn Forkbeard and his son Cnute, for Sweyn to be accepted as king of the Danelaw. In Denmark, his sons raised a rune stone as a memorial at his homestead[4] in Roskilde.
See also
References
- ^ Jordanes. Mierow (1908), ed. Getica III (23).
- ^ Flores Historiarum: Rogeri de Wendover, Chronica sive flores historiarum, p. 298-9. ed. H. Coxe, Rolls Series, 84 (4 vols, 1841-42)
- ^ Chronica Sialandie
- ^ T 42: "And Rune, Malte and Tajs had the stone erected in memory of their father. He had taken two payments and many female thralls in England. May he be seated next to Odin in the great hall."