Penemuan unsur kimia
daftar sejarah unsur kimia
Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. |
Penemuan unsur kimia yang diketahui sekarang ditampilkan secara kronologis di sini. Unsur kimia yang ditampilkan umumnya berdasarkan urutan tiap-tiap unsur tersebut pertama kali dinyatakan sebagai unsur murni, karena tanggal persis penemuan sebagian besar unsur tidak dapat secara akurat ditentukan. Beberapa unsur-unsur pertama tidak memiliki catatan tertulis.
Masa purbakala
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu |
---|---|---|
Carbon | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Perak | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Tembaga | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Sulfur | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Timah | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Emas | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Timbal | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Besi | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Raksa | zaman dulu | Tidak diketahui |
Abad ke-13
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Arsen | 1250 | Albertus Magnus di percaya sebagai orang pertama yang memisahkan unsur ini. |
Abad ke-15
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Antimon | 1450 | First described scientifically by Tholden | |
Bismut | 15th century? | May have been described in writings attributed to Basil Valentinus, definitively identified by Claude François Geoffroy in 1753 |
Abad ke-16
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Zinc | 1526 | Identified as a unique metal by Paracelsus |
Abad ke-17
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Fosfor | 1669 | Hening Brand, later described by Robert Boyle |
Abad ke-18
Abad ke-19
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Vanadium | 1801 | Andrés Manuel del Río | |
Niobium | 1801 | Charles Hatchett | Named columbium by discoverer. |
Tantalum | 1802 | Anders Gustaf Ekeberg | |
Serium | 1803 | Martin Heinrich Klaproth; Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Hisinger | Named after the newly discovered asteroid, Ceres. Discovered nearly simultaneously in two laboratories, though it was later shown that Berzelius and Hisinger's cerium was actually a mixture of cerium, lanthanum and so-called didymium. |
Rhodium | 1803 | William Hyde Wollaston | |
Palladium | 1803 | Ryan Lumadue | Named after the newly discovered asteroid, Pallas. |
Osmium | 1803 | Smithson Tennant | |
Iridium | 1803 | Smithson Tennant | |
Potassium | 1807 | Humphry Davy | Discovered using electricity from the Voltaic pile to decompose the salts of alkali metals. |
Sodium | 1807 | Humphry Davy | Discovered using electricity from the Voltaic pile to decompose the salts of alkali metals; discovered a few days after potassium, using the same method. |
Calcium | 1808 | Humphry Davy | Discovered using electricity from the Voltaic pile to decompose the salts of alkali metals. |
Barium | 1808 | Humphry Davy | Discovered using electricity from the Voltaic pile to decompose the salts of alkali metals. |
Boron | 1808 | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac & Louis-Jacques Thenard | |
Yodium | 1811 | Bernard Courtois | |
Lithium | 1817 | Johan August Arfwedson | |
Cadmium | 1817 | Friedrich Strohmeyer Independently discovered by K.S.L Hermann | |
Selenium | 1817 | Jöns Jakob Berzelius | |
Silicon | 1823 | Jöns Jakob Berzelius | |
Aluminium | 1825 | Hans Christian Ørsted | May have been isolated in Roman times, see History of Aluminium. |
Brom | 1826 | Antoine Jérôme Balard | |
Thorium | 1828 | Jöns Jakob Berzelius | |
Beryllium | 1828 | Friedrich Wöhler. Independently discovered by A.A.B. Bussy | |
Lantanum | 1839-41 | Carl Gustaf Mosander | Discovered when Mosander showed that the cerium isolated in 1803 by Berzelius was actually a mixture of cerium, lanthanum and so-called didymium. |
Terbium | 1843 | Carl Gustaf Mosander | |
Erbium | 1843 | Carl Gustaf Mosander | |
Rutenium | 1844 | Karl Klaus | |
Caesium | 1860 | Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchoff | First identified by its blue spectroscopic emission line. |
Rubidium | 1860 | Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchoff | First identified by its red spectroscopic emission line. |
Talium | 1861 | Sir William Crookes | First identified by its bright green spectroscopic emission line. |
Indium | 1863 | Ferdinand Reich and Theodor Richter | First identified by its indigo-blue spectroscopic emission line. |
Helium | 1868 | Independently by Pierre Jansen and Norman Lockyer | First identified by astronomers as an emission line in the spectrum of the sun. |
Galium | 1875 | Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran | Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 as ekaaluminium. |
Ytterbium | 1878 | Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac | |
Thulium | 1879 | Per Teodor Cleve | |
Skandium | 1879 | Lars Fredrik Nilson | Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 as ekaboron. |
Holmium | 1879 | Marc Delafontaine, Jacques-Louis Soret and Per Teodor Cleve | |
Samarium | 1879 | Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran | |
Gadolinium | 1880 | Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac | |
Praseodymium | 1885 | Carl Auer von Welsbach | The didymium isolated by Mosander in 1839 was shown to be two separate elements; praseodymium and neodymium. |
Neodimium | 1885 | Carl Auer von Welsbach | The didymium isolated by Mosander in 1839 was shown to be two separate elements, praseodymium and neodymium. |
Dysprosium | 1886 | Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran | |
Germanium | 1886 | Clemens Winkler | Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 as ekasilicon. |
Fluor | 1886 | Joseph Henri Moissan | |
Argon | 1894 | Lord Rayleigh & Sir William Ramsay | Discovered by comparing the molecular weights of nitrogen prepared by liquefaction from air and nitrogen prepared by chemical means. |
Neon | 1898 | Sir William Ramsay | Separated from liquid argon by difference in boiling point. |
Kripton | 1898 | Sir William Ramsay | Separated from liquid argon by difference in boiling point. |
Xenon | 1898 | Sir William Ramsay | Separated from liquid argon by difference in boiling point. |
Radium | 1898 | Pierre Curie and Marie Curie | |
Polonium | 1898 | Pierre Curie and Marie Curie | |
Radon | 1898 | Friedrich Ernst Dorn, who called it nitron | Discovered as a product of the radioactive decay of radium. |
Actinium | 1899 | Ryan Lumadue |
Abad ke-20
Abad ke-21
Nama | Tanggal | Penemu | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Ununhexium | 2001 | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna[2] | |
Ununtrium | 2004 | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory[3] | |
Ununpentium | 2004 | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory[3] | |
Ununoctium | 2006 | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory[4] |
Lihat pula
Rujukan
- ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts. (1999). "Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei in the 48Ca + 244Pu Reaction". Physical Review Letters. 83: 3154. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3154.
- ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts. (2000). "Observation of the decay of 292116". Physical Review C. 63: 011301. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.011301.
- ^ a b Oganessian, Yu. Ts. (2005). "Synthesis of elements 115 and 113 in the reaction 243Am + 48Ca". Physical Review C. 72: 034611. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034611.
- ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts. (2006). "Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm+48Ca fusion reactions". Physical Review C. 74: 044602. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602.