Etimologi

Etimologi adalah ilmu dalam linguistik yang mempelajari asal-usul kata. Misalkan kan etimologi diambil dari bahasa Belanda etymologie yang mengambilnya dari bahasa Yunani; étymos (arti sebenarnya sebuah kata) dan lògos (ilmu).

Etimologi

Etimologi is the study of the origins of words. Beberapa kata diambil dari bahasa lain, kemungkinan dalam bentuk yang telah diubah (kata asal disebut sebagai etimon). Melalui naskah tua dan perbandingan dengan bahasa lain, etimologis mencoba untuk merekonstruksi asal-usul dari kata - ketika mereka memasuki suatu bahasa, dari sumber apa, dan bagaimana bentuk dan arti dari kata tersebut berubah.

Etimologis juga mencoba untuk merekonstruksi informasi mengenai bahasa-bahasa yang terlalu tua untuk memungkinkan mendapatkan informasi langsung mengenai bahasa tersebut (seperti tulisan) untuk diketahui. Dengan membandingkan kata-kata dalam bahasa yang saling bertautan, seseorang dapat mempelajari mengenai their shared parent language. Dengan cara ini, akar bahasa yang telah diketahui yang dapat ditelusuri jauh kebelakang kepada asal-usul keluarga bahasa Indo-Eropa.

Kata etimologi itu sendiri datang dari bahasa Yunani ήτυμος (étymos, arti kata) dan λόγος (lógos, ilmu).

Daftar isi 1 Etimologi Bahasa Inggris

2 Ide Dasar dalam Etimologi

3 Lihat juga

4 Situs eksternal

Etimologi Bahasa Inggris Sebagai sebuah bahasa, Bahasa Inggris diambil dari Anglo-Saxon, dialek dari Germanic Barat West Germanic (seperti juga German Rendah Lama), walaupun kosakatanya termasuk kata-kata yang berasal dari banyak bahasa. The Anglo-Saxon roots can be seen in the similarity of numbers in English and German, particularly six~sechs, seven~sieben, eight~acht and ten~zehn. Pronouns are also cognate: I~ich; thou~Du; we~wir; she~sie. However, language change has eroded many grammatical elements, such as the noun case system, which is greatly simplified in Modern English; and certain elements of vocabulary, much of which is borrowed from French. In fact, more than half of the words in English either come from the French language, or have a French cognate. However, the most common root words are still of Germanic origin.

French was introduced into England when the Normans conquered England in 1066 (see Norman Conquest). During the French reign on the British isles, the ruling class spoke French while the peasants spoke the English of the time. This led to many paired words of French and English origin. For example, beef is cognate with the modern French bœuf, meaning "steer". Veal with veau, meaning "calf". Pork with porc, meaning "pig", and poultry with poulet, meaning "chicken".

English words of more than two syllables are likely to come from French, often with modified terminations. For example, the French words for syllable, modified, terminations and example are syllabe, modifié, terminaisons and exemple.

English has proven accommodating to words from many languages. Scientific terminology relies heavily on words of Latin and Greek origin. Spanish has contributed many words, particularly in the southwestern United States. Examples include buckaroo from vaquero or "cowboy", alligator from el legarto or "the lizard", and rodeo. Cuddle, eerie and greed come from Scots, behemoth from Hebrew, perestroika, balalaika, taiga, tundra and sputnik from Russian, and lagniappe from Quechua. See also loanword.

[edit] Basic ideas in etymology Usually, words start with a more complicated spelling which becomes simpler (for example, by abbreviation). The patterns by which words are simplified constantly change. Slang words may enter the common language. Sometimes common words may suddenly become slang. Vulgar words may become euphemisms for other words and sometimes euphemisms become vulgarisms. Words may become joined together, as in portmanteau words. Words may start off as acronyms. The boundaries between words may move. For example, "a napron" became "an apron". Words come from specialist trades, different cultures, and even works of literature. Words may be named after a particular place (toponyms) or after a particular person (eponym). [edit] See also Lists of etymologies Back-formation Cognate Company names etymology Country names etymology Computer terms origins Fake etymology Folk etymology Family name etymology False cognate False friend Given name etymology Placename etymology Proto-language Semantic progression Suppletion. [edit] External links Word and phrase origins (http://www.wordorigins.org/index.htm) Bibliography of etymological dictionaries (http://www.takeourword.com/bibliography.html) Etymonline An online etymology dictionary (http://www.etymonline.com/) Words origins (http://www.westegg.com/etymology/)