Papirus Oxyrhynchus
Papirus Oxyrhynchus (bahasa Inggris: Oxyrhynchus Papyri) adalah kumpulan naskah-naskah yang ditemukan pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 oleh para arkeolog, termasuk Bernard Pyne Grenfell dan Arthur Surridge Hunt pada tempat pembuangan sampah kuno dekat Oxyrhynchus di Egypt (28°32′N 30°40′E / 28.533°N 30.667°E, sekarang kota modern "el-Bahnasa"). Naskah-naskah ini bertarikh dari abad ke-1 sampai ke-6 Masehi. Di antaranya terdapat ribuan naskah bahasa Yunani dan bahasa Latin, termasuk surat-surat dan karya-karya sastra. Juga ditemukan beberapa naskah vellum, dan naskah bahasa Arab pada kertas yang lebih baru (misalnya, P. Oxy. VI 1006 dari abad pertengahan).
Koleksi "Oxyrhynchus Papyri" saat ini disimpan di berbagai institusi di seluruh dunia. Sejumlah besar disimpan di Ashmolean Museum milik Oxford University.
Banyak naskah bahasa Yunani penting ditemukan di situs ini, antara lain sajak-sajak Pindar, fragmen-fragmen karya Sappho dan Alcaeus dari Mytilene, serta potongan-potongan besar dari Alcman, Ibycus, dan Corinna. Tersedia daftar isi on-line dengan penjelasan singkat isi tiap papirus atau fragmen.[1]
Naskah Teologi
Di antara naskah Kristen yang ditemukan di Oxyrhynchus, terdapat fragmen-fragmen Injil non-kanonik awal, Oxyrhynchus 840 (abad ke-3 M) dan Oxyrhynchus 1224 (abad ke-4 M). Teks-teks Oxyrhynchus lain melestarikan bagian-bagian dari Injil Matius pasal 1 (abad ke-3: P2 and P401), 11–12 dan 19 (abad ke-3 sampai ke-4: P2384, 2385); Injil Markus 10–11 (abad ke-5 sampai 6: P3); Injil Yohanes 1 dan 20 (abad ke-3: P208); Surat Roma 1 (abad ke-4: P209); Surat 1 Yohanes (abad ke-4 sampai ke-5: P402); Apokalips Barukh (pasal 12–14; abad ke-4 atau ke-5: P403); Injil menurut orang Ibrani (abad ke-3: P655); Gembala Hermas (abad ke-3 atau ke-4: P404), dan sebuah karya Irenaeus, (abad ke-3: P405).
Ada pula bagian-bagian kitab kanonik lain serta banyak nyanyian-nyanyian, doa dan surat-surat Kristen perdana.
Perjanjian Lama
Alkitab Ibrani (Tanakh) asli diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Yunani antara abad ke-3 dan ke-1 SM. Terjemahan ini dikenal sebagai Septuaginta (atau LXX, keduanya berarti angka "70" dalam bahasa Latin), karena menurut tradisi ada 70 ahli kitab Yahudi yang berkumpul menyuntingnya di kota Aleksandria.
Bagian-bagian kitab Perjanjian Lama yang otoritasnya tidak dibantah, ditemukan di antara Oxyrhynchus Papyri terdaftar sebagai berikut.
- Angka pertama (Vol) adalah volume Oxyrhynchus Papyri di mana naskah itu diterbitkan.
- Angka kedua (Oxy) adalah urutan dalam keseluruhan penerbitan Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
- Kutipan singkatan standar Oxyrhynchus Papyri adalah:
- P. Oxy. <volume dalam angka Romawi> <nomor urutan penerbitan>.
- Selalu dijelaskan konteksnya apakah volume 70 Oxyrhynchus Papyri atau Septuaginta yang dimaksudkan.
- P. Oxy. VIII 1073 adalah versi bahasa Latin kuno Kitab Kejadian, naskah lain kemungkinan adalah salinan dari Septuaginta.
- Tarikh penulisan diperkirakan dengan interval 50 tahunan.
- Isi diberikan menurut ayat terdekat yang diketahui.
Deuterokanonika (atau Apokripa) Perjanjian Lama
- PP. Oxy. XIII 1594 dan LXV 4444 adalah vellum ("vellum" ditandai dalam tabel).
- Kedua salinan Tobit merupakan edisi-edisi berbeda dari teks Septuaginta ("not LXX" ditandai dalam tabel).
Vol | Oxy | Tarikh | Isi | Institusi | Kota, Negara bagian | Negara |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
III | 403 | 400 | Apocalypse of Baruch 12–14 | St. Mark's Library General Theological Seminary |
New York City | U.S. |
VII | 1010 | 350 | 2 Esdras 16:57–59 | Bodleian Library MS.Gr.bib.g.3(P) |
Oxford | UK |
VIII | 1076 | 550 | Kitab Tobit 2 not LXX |
John Rylands University Library 448 |
Manchester | UK |
XIII | 1594 | 275 | Kitab Tobit 12 vellum, not LXX |
Cambridge University Library Add.MS. 6363 |
Cambridge | UK |
XIII | 1595 | 550 | Ecclesiasticus 1 |
Palestine Institute Museum Pacific School of Religion |
Berkeley California |
U.S. |
XVII | 2069 | 400 | 1 Enoch 85.10–86.2, 87.1–3 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
XVII | 2074 | 450 | Apostrophe to Wisdom [?] | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
LXV | 4444 | 350 | Wisdom 4:17–5:1 vellum |
Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
Naskah papirus lain
Vol | Oxy | Tarikh | Isi | Institusi | Kota, Negara bagian | Negara |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IX | 1173 | 250 | Filo | Bodleian Library | Oxford | UK |
XI | 1356 | 250 | Filo | Bodleian Library | Oxford | UK |
XVIII | 2158 | 250 | Filo | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
XXXVI | 2745 | 400 | onomasticon nama-nama Ibrani | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
Perjanjian Baru
- Kolom ketiga (CRG) merujuk kepada urutan standar Caspar René Gregory.
- P menunjukkan naskah Papirus, angka yang dimulai dengan "nol" menunjukkan vellum.
- Angka CRG number merupakan kutipan singkatan yang memadai untuk naskah Perjanjian Baru.
- Isi diberikan menurut pasal terdekat; kadang kala disertakan ayatnya.
Apokripa Perjanjian Baru
- P. Oxy. V 840 and P. Oxy. XV 1782 berupa vellum
- 2949?, 3525, 3529? 4705, dan 4706 berupa gulungan, yang lain berupa kodeks.
Vol | Oxy | Tarikh | Isi | Institusi | Kota, Negara bagian | Negara |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early Writings | ||||||
LXIX | 4705 | 250 | Shepherd, Visions 1:1, 8–9 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
LXIX | 4706 | 200 | The Shepherd of Hermas Visions 3–4; Commandments 2; 4–9 |
Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
L | 3526 | 350 | Shepherd, Commandments 5–6 [same codex as 1172] |
Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
XV | 1783 | 325 | Shepherd, Commandments 9 | |||
IX | 1172 | 350 | Shepherd, Parables 2:4–10 [same codex as 3526] |
British Library; Inv. 224 | London | UK |
LXIX | 4707 | 250 | Shepherd, Parables 6:3–7:2 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
XIII | 1599 | 350 | Shepherd, Parables 8 | |||
L | 3527 | 200 | Shepherd, Parables 8:4–5 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
L | 3528 | 200 | Shepherd, Parables 9:20–22 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
III | 404 | 300 | Shepherd | |||
XV | 1782 | 350 | Didache 1–3 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
Pseudepigrapha | ||||||
I | 1 | 200 | Gospel of Thomas | Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. e 7 (P) |
Oxford | UK |
IV | 654 | 200 | Gospel of Thomas | British Museum; Inv. 1531 | London | UK |
IV | 655 | 200 | Gospel of Thomas | Houghton Library, Harvard SM Inv. 4367 |
Cambridge Massachusetts |
U.S. |
XLI | 2949 | 200 | Gospel of Peter? | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
L | 3524 | 550 | Gospel of James 25:1 | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
L | 3525 | 250 | Gospel of Mary | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
LX | 4009 | 150 | Gospel of Peter? | Ashmolean Museum | Oxford | UK |
I | 6 | 450 | Acts of Paul and Thecla | |||
VI | 849 | 325 | Acts of Peter | |||
VI | 850 | 350 | Acts of John | |||
VI | 851 | 500 | Apocryphal Acts | |||
VIII | 1081 | Gnostic Gospel | ||||
II | 210 | 250 | Unknown gospel | Cambridge University Library Add. Ms. 4048 |
Cambridge | UK |
V | 840 | 200 | Unknown gospel | Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. g 11 |
Oxford | UK |
X | 1224 | 300 | Unknown gospel | Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. e 8 (P) |
Oxford | UK |
Naskah-naskah lain
- Four exact dates are marked in bold type:
Vol | Oxy | Date | Content | Institution | City, State | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
biblical quotes | ||||||
VIII | 1077 | 550 | Amulet: magic text quotes Matthew 4:23–24 |
Trexler Library; Pap. Theol. 2 Muhlenberg College |
Allentown Pennsylvania |
U.S. |
LX | 4010 | 350 | "Our Father" (Matthew 6:9ff) with introductory prayer |
Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum |
Oxford | UK |
creeds | ||||||
XVII | 2067 | 450 | Nicene Creed (325) | Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum |
Oxford | UK |
XV | 1784 | 450 | Constantinopolitan Creed (381) | Ambrose Swasey Library Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School |
Rochester New York |
U.S. |
church fathers | ||||||
III | 405 | 250 | Irenaeus, Against Heresies | Cambridge University Library Add. Ms. 4413 |
Cambridge | UK |
XXXI | 2531 | 550 | Theophilus of Alexandria Peri Katanuxeos [?] |
Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
unknown theological works | ||||||
XIII | 1600 | 450 | treatise on The Passion | Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. d 4 (P) |
Oxford | UK |
I | 4 | 300 | theological fragment | Cambridge University Library | Cambridge | UK |
III | 406 | 250 | theological fragment | Library; BH 88470.1 McCormick Theological Seminary |
Chicago Illinois |
U.S. |
dialogues (theological discussions) | ||||||
XVII | 2070 | 275 | anti-Jewish dialogue | Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
XVII | 2071 | 550 | fragment of a dialogue | Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
apologies (arguments in defence of Christianity) | ||||||
XVII | 2072 | 250 | fragment of an apology | Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
homilies (short sermons) | ||||||
XIII | 1601 | 400 | homily about spiritual warfare | Ambrose Swasey Library Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School |
Rochester New York |
U.S. |
XIII | 1602 | 400 | homily to monks (vellum) | University Library State University of Ghent |
Ghent | Belgium |
XIII | 1603 | 500 | homily about women | John Rylands University Library Inv R. 55247 |
Manchester | UK |
XV | 1785 | 450 | collection of homilies [?] | Payrology Room Ashmolean Museum |
Oxford | UK |
XVII | 2073 | 375 | fragment of a homily and other text |
Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
liturgical texts (protocols for Christian meetings) | ||||||
XVII | 2068 | 350 | liturgical [?] fragments | Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
III | 407 | 300 | Christian prayer | Department of Manuscripts British Museum |
London | UK |
XV | 1786 | 275 | Christian hymn with musical notation |
Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
hagiographies (biographies of saints) | ||||||
L | 3529 | 350 | martyrdom of Dioscorus | Payrology Room Ashmolean Museum |
Oxford | UK |
libelli (certificates of pagan sacrifice) | ||||||
LVIII | 3929 | 250 | libellus from between 25 June and 24 July 250 |
Payrology Room Ashmolean Museum |
Oxford | UK |
IV | 658 | 250 | libellus from the year 250 | Beinecke Library Yale University |
New Haven Connecticut |
U.S. |
XII | 1464 | 250 | libellus 27 June 250 | Department of Manuscripts British Museum |
London | UK |
XLI | 2990 | 250 | libellus from the 3rd century | Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library |
Oxford | UK |
other documentary texts | ||||||
XLII | 3035 | 256 | warrant to arrest a Christian 28 February 256 |
Payrology Room Ashmolean Museum |
Oxford | UK |
other fragments | ||||||
I | 5 | 300 | early Christian fragment | Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. f 9 (P) |
Oxford | UK |
Homer
- Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 20 – Iliad II 730-828
- Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 21 – Iliad II 745-764
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ^ Search by table of contents; "Oxyrhynchus Online Image Database". Imaging Papyri Project. Diakses tanggal 25 May 2007. A listing of what each fragment contains.
Pranala luar
- Oxford University: Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project
- Oxyrhynchus Online
- Table of Contents. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
- Trismegistos.org Online database of ancient manuscripts.
- GPBC: Gazetteer of Papyri in British Collections
- The Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri. P. Oxy.: The Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
- Wieland Willker Complete List of Greek NT Papyri
- The papyri on line
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. I, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. II, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. III, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. III, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. Digitized by Cornell University Library Digital Collections
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. IV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. V, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VII, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VIII, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. IX, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. X, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. Digitized by Cornell University Library Digital Collections ISBN 978-1-4297-3971-9
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. X, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XII, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XIII, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XIV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
- The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. I - XV (single indexed PDF file)