Reka cipta telepon
Penemuan telepon adalah puncak dari kerja yang dilakukan oleh banyak orang, sejarah tersebut melibatkan kumpulan klaim dan perdebatan klaim. Perkembangan telepon listrik modern melibatkan berbagai tuntutan hukum yang didasarkan atas klaim paten dari beberapa individu dan berbagai perusahaan.
.jpg)
Lihat pula
Referensi
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Baker, Burton H. (2000), The Gray Matter: The Forgotten Story of the Telephone, Telepress, St. Joseph, MI, 2000. ISBN 0-615-11329-X
- Bell, Alexander Graham. (1911), Speech by Alexander Graham Bell, November 2, 1911: Historical address delivered by Alexander Graham Bell, November 2, 1911, at the first meeting of the Telephone Pioneers' Association, Beinn Bhreagh Recorder, November 1911, pp. 15–19;
- Bethure, Brian, (2008) Did Bell Steal the Idea for the Phone? (Book Review), Maclean's Magazine, February 4, 2008;
- Bourseul, Charles, Transmission électrique de la parole, L'Illustration (Paris), August 26, 1854 (Prancis)
- Bruce, Robert V. (1990), Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, Cornell University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8014-9691-8
- Coe, Lewis (1995), The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History, McFarland, North Carolina, 1995. ISBN 0-7864-0138-9
- Evenson, A. Edward (2000), The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray – Alexander Bell Controversy, McFarland, North Carolina, 2000. ISBN 0-7864-0883-9
- Gray, Charlotte, (2006) "Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell", HarperCollins, Toronto, 2006, ISBN 0-00-200676-6, ISBN 978-0-00-200676-7 IBO: 621.385092;
- Josephson, Matthew (1992), Edison: A Biography, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-54806-5
- Shulman, Seth, (2007) Telephone Gambit: Chasing Alexander Graham Bell's Secret, W.W. Norton & Comp.; 1st Edition, December 25, 2007), ISBN 0-393-06206-6, ISBN 978-0-393-06206-9
- Thompson, Sylvanus P. (1883), Philipp Reis, Inventor of the Telephone, London: E. & F. N. Spon, 1883.
Pranala luar
- Heroes of the Telegraph by John Munro di Proyek Gutenberg
- Alexander Bell's Experiments – the tuning fork and liquid transmitter.
- American Treasures of the Library of Congress, Alexander Graham Bell – Lab notebook I, pages 40–41 (image 22)
- Scientific American Supplement No. 520, December 19, 1885
- Telephone Patents
Paten
- US 161739 Transmitter and Receiver for Electric Telegraphs (tuned steel reeds) by Alexander Graham Bell (April 6, 1875)
- US 174465 Telegraphy (Bell's first telephone patent) by Alexander Graham Bell (March 7, 1876)
- US 178399 Telephonic Telegraphic Receiver (vibrating reed) by Alexander Graham Bell (June 6, 1876)
- US 181553 Generating Electric Currents (magneto) by Alexander Graham Bell (August 29, 1876)
- US 186787 Electric Telegraphy (permanent magnet receiver) by Alexander Graham Bell (January 15, 1877)
- US 201488 Speaking Telephone (receiver designs) by Alexander Graham Bell (March 19, 1878)
- US 213090 Electric Speaking Telephone (frictional transmitter) by Alexander Graham Bell (March 11, 1879)
- US 220791 Telephone Circuit (twisted pairs of wire) by Alexander Graham Bell (October 21, 1879)
- US 228507 Electric Telephone Transmitter (hollow ball transmitter) by Alexander Graham Bell (June 8, 1880)
- US 230168 Circuit for Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell (July 20, 1880)
- US 238833 Electric Call-Bell by Alexander Graham Bell (March 15, 1881)
- US 241184 Telephonic Receiver (local battery circuit with coil) by Alexander Graham Bell (May 10, 1881)
- US 244426 Telephone Circuit (cable of twisted pairs) by Alexander Graham Bell (July 19, 1881)
- US 250126 Speaking Telephone by Francis Blake (November 29, 1881)
- US 252576 Multiple Switch Board for Telephone Exchanges by Leroy Firman (Western Electric) (January 17, 1882)
- US 474230 Speaking Telegraph (graphite transmitter) by Thomas Edison (Western Union) May 3, 1892
- US 203016 Speaking Telephone (carbon button transmitter) by Thomas Edison
- US 222390 Carbon Telephone (carbon granules transmitter) by Thomas Edison
- US 485311 Telephone (solid back carbon transmitter) by Anthony C. White (Bell engineer) November 1, 1892
- US 597062 Calling Device for Telephone Exchange (dial) by A. E. Keith (January 11, 1898)
- US 687499 Telephone Transmitter (carbon granules "candlestick" microphone) by W.W. Dean (Kellogg Co.) November 26, 1901
- US 815176 Automatic Telephone Connector Switch (for rotary dial phones) by A E Keith and C J Erickson March 13, 1906