Wabah Yustinianus

Wabah Yustinianus adalah pandemik yang menyerang Kekaisaran Romawi Timur (Kekaisaran Bizantium), termasuk ibukotanya Konstantinopel, pada tahun 541–542 M. Penyebabnya kemungkinan adalah wabah pes, yang kemudian menjadi tidak populer karena menyebabkan Kematian Hitam pada abad ke-14.^[1] Penagruh sosial dan kultural dari wabah ini dapat disamakan dengan Kematian Hitam. Dalam pandangan sejarawan abad keenam, cakupan wabahnya hampir seluruh dunia, terutama menyerang Asia Selatan dan Tengah, Afrika Utara dan Arabia,^{[butuh rujukan]} dan Eropa (di utara sejauh Denmark dan di barat sejauh Irlandia. Studi genetis mengarah pada Cina sebagai sumber utama penularan.^[1]

Sampai sekitar tahun 750, wabah ini kembali di tiap generasi di Mediterania. Gelombang penyakit juga berpengaruh terhadap masa depan sejarah Eropa. Sejarawan modern menamai wabah ini berdasarkan nama Kaisar Romawi Yustinianus I, yang berkuasa pada saat itu. Yustinianus I juga mengidap penyakit tersebut, namun merupakan satu dari sedikit orang yang berhasil bertahan hidup.

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b Nicholas Wade (October 31, 2010). "Europe's Plagues Came From China, Study Finds". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 2010-11-01. The first appeared in the 6th century during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, reaching his capital, Constantinople, on grain ships from Egypt. The Justinian plague, as historians call it, is thought to have killed perhaps half the population of Europe and to have eased the Arab takeover of Byzantine provinces in the Near East and Africa.

Referensi

Drancourt M, Roux V, Dang LV, Tran-Hung L, Castex D, Chenal-Francisque V, et al. "Genotyping, Orientalis-like Yersinia pestis, and plague pandemics". Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Little, Lester K., ed., Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750, Cambridge, 2006. ISBN 0-521-84639-0.
McNeill, William H. "Plagues and Peoples." Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., New York, NY, 1976, ISBN 0-385-12122-9.
Moorhead, J., Justinian, London 1994.
Orent, Wendy. Plague, The Mysterious Past and Terrifying Future of the World's Most Dangerous Disease., Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, NY, 2004, ISBN 0-7432-3685-8.
Edward Walford, translator, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594, 1846. Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, ISBN 978-1-889758-88-6. [1]—The author, Evagrius, was himself stricken by the plague as a child and lost several family members to it.
Procopius. History of the Wars, Books I and II (The Persian War). Trans. H. B. Dewing. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Loeb-Harvard UP, 1954.—Chapters XXII and XXIII of Book II (pages 451–473) are Procopius's famous description of the Plague of Justinian. This includes the famous statistic of 10,000 people per day dying in Constantinople (page 465).

[wade-1] Nicholas Wade (October 31, 2010). "Europe's Plagues Came From China, Study Finds". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 2010-11-01. The first appeared in the 6th century during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, reaching his capital, Constantinople, on grain ships from Egypt. The Justinian plague, as historians call it, is thought to have killed perhaps half the population of Europe and to have eased the Arab takeover of Byzantine provinces in the Near East and Africa.

[1]