Wikipedia

Wahana peluncur antariksa

roket yang digunakan untuk membawa muatan ke luar angkasa
Revisi sejak 19 Juni 2014 09.08 oleh Aladdin Ali Baba (bicara | kontrib) (→Pranala luar)

Dalam penerbangan angkasa, kendaraan peluncur atau roket pembawa adalah roket yang digunakan untuk membawa muatan dari permukaan bumi ke luar angkasa. Sebuah sistem peluncuran termasuk kendaraan peluncur, panggung stage peluncuran dan infrastruktur lainnya. Biasanya muatan payload adalah buatan satelit yang ditempatkan ke orbit, tetapi beberapa spaceflights yang sub-orbital sementara yang lain memungkinkan pesawat ruang angkasa untuk keluar dari orbit Bumi seluruhnya. Sebuah kendaraan peluncuran yang membawa muatan pada lintasan suborbital sering disebut sounding roket.

Peluncuran kendaraan, kendaraan peluncur khususnya orbital, memiliki minimal dua tahap, tapi kadang-kadang sampai 4.

Jenis kendaraan peluncuran

Dengan platform peluncuran

  • Darat : Spaceport dan silo rudal tetap (Strela) untuk dikonversi ICBM
  • Laut : Platform tetap (San Marco), platform mobile (Sea Launch), kapal selam (Shtil', Volna ) untuk dikonversi SLBM
  • Udara : Pesawat (Pegasus, Virgin Galactic LauncherOne, Stratolaunch Sistem), balon (ARCASPACE), JP Aerospace Orbital Ascender, proposal permanen pelabuhan ruang angkasa Buoyant

Dengan ukuran

Ada banyak cara untuk mengklasifikasikan ukuran kendaraan peluncuran. The Komisi Agustinus yang diciptakan untuk meninjau rencana untuk mengganti Space Shuttle , menggunakan skema klasifikasi berikut:

  • Sounding rocket tidak dapat mencapai orbit dan hanya mampu spaceflight sub-orbital.
  • Kendaraan peluncur small lift mampu mengangkut hingga 2.000 kg (£ 4400) dari muatan ke orbit bumi rendah (LEO).
  • Kendaraan peluncur medium lift mampu mengangkut antara 2.000 sampai 20.000 kg (4.400 sampai £ 44.000) dari muatan ke LEO.
  • Kendaraan peluncur heavy lift mampu mengangkut antara 20.000 sampai 50.000 kg (44.000 sampai £ 110.200) dari muatan ke LEO.
  • Kendaraan peluncur super-heavy lift mampu mengangkut lebih dari 50.000 kg (110.200 £ +) dari muatan ke LEO.

Perbandingan Sistem orbital launch

Legend for orbit abbreviations in table:

Legend for launch system status in below table:   [under development] — [retired] — [operational]

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
LEO
(kg) 		Mass to
other orbits
(kg) 		Cost
(Mil US$) 		Cost/kg
(LEO) (US$) 		Cost/kg
(GTO) (US$) 		Launches Status First flight Last flight Vehicle
Angara 1.1   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Angara 1.1
Angara 1.2   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&&03800.&&&&&03.800[1] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Angara 1.2
Angara A3   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&014600.&&&&&014.600[1] &&&&&&&&&&&02400.&&&&&02.400–3,600 to GTO[1] €50 (US$70)[2] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Angara A3
Angara A5   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&024500.&&&&&024.500 (63°) [3][4] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Angara A5
Angara A7   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&041000.&&&&&041.000[3][4] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Angara A7
Ariane 1   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&01400.&&&&&01.400 &&&&&&&&&&&01830.&&&&&01.830 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011[5] Retired 1979 1986 Ariane 1
Ariane 2   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&02270.&&&&&02.270 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06[5] Retired 1986 1989 Ariane 2
Ariane 3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&02650.&&&&&02.650 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011[5] Retired 1984 1989 Ariane 3
Ariane 4 40   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&04600.&&&&&04.600[5] &&&&&&&&&&&02740.&&&&&02.740 to SSO
1,900 to GTO[5] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[5] Retired 1990 1993 Ariane 4 40
Ariane 4 40 H10+   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&02020.&&&&&02.020 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[5] Retired 1995 1995 Ariane 4 40 H10+
Ariane 4 40 H10-3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&02105.&&&&&02.105 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[5] Retired 1995 1999 Ariane 4 40 H10-3
Ariane 4 42L   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&04500.&&&&&04.500 to SSO
3,200 to GTO[5] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[5] Retired 1993 1993 Ariane 4 42L
Ariane 4 42L H10+   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&03350.&&&&&03.350 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[5] Retired 1994 1994 Ariane 4 42L H10+
Ariane 4 42L H10-3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&03480.&&&&&03.480 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011[5] Retired 1995 2002 Ariane 4 42L H10-3
Ariane 4 42P   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&06000.&&&&&06.000[5] 3,400 to SSO
2,600 to GTO[5] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[5] Retired 1990 1992 Ariane 4 42P
Ariane 4 42P H10+   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&02740.&&&&&02.740 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[5] Retired 1992 1994 Ariane 4 42P H10+
Ariane 4 42P H10-3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&02930.&&&&&02.930 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09[5] Retired 1994 2002 Ariane 4 42P H10-3
Ariane 4 44L   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] 6,000 to SSO
4,200 to GTO[5] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011[5] Retired 1989 1992 Ariane 4 44L
Ariane 4 44L H10+   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&04460.&&&&&04.460 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05[5] Retired 1992 1994 Ariane 4 44L H10+
Ariane 4 44L H10-3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&04720.&&&&&04.720 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&024.&&&&&024[5] Retired 1995 2003 Ariane 4 44L H10-3
Ariane 4 44LP   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] 5,000 to SSO
3,700 to GTO[5] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07[5] Retired 1988 1993 Ariane 4 44LP
Ariane 4 44LP H10+   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&04030.&&&&&04.030 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06[5] Retired 1992 1995 Ariane 4 44LP H10+
Ariane 4 44LP H10-3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&07000.&&&&&07.000[5] &&&&&&&&&&&04220.&&&&&04.220 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013[5] Retired 1995 2001 Ariane 4 44LP H10-3
Ariane 4 44P   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&06500.&&&&&06.500[5] 4,100 to SSO
3,000 to GTO[5] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[5] Retired 1991 1991 Ariane 4 44P
Ariane 4 44P H10-3   Europe Aérospatiale &&&&&&&&&&&03465.&&&&&03.465 to GTO[5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09[5] Retired 1995 2001 Ariane 4 44P H10-3
Ariane 5ECA   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&021000.&&&&&021.000[6] &&&&&&&&&&010050.&&&&&010.050 to GTO[7] &&&&&&&&&&&&0220.&&&&&0220 [8] &&&&&&&&&&010476.&&&&&010.476 [8] &&&&&&&&&&&&&031.&&&&&031
[note 1] 		Operational 2002
Ariane 5ME   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&011500.&&&&&011.500 to GTO[9] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Ariane 5ME
Ariane 5ES   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&021000.&&&&&021.000[6] &&&&&&&&&&&08000.&&&&&08.000 to GTO[10] &&&&&&&&&&&&0220.&&&&&0220 [8] 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.10,476 [8] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Operational 2008 Ariane 5ES
Ariane 5G   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&018000.&&&&&018.000[10] &&&&&&&&&&&06900.&&&&&06.900[10] &&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016[10] Retired[11] 1996 2003 Ariane 5G
Ariane 5G+   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&018000.&&&&&018.000[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&07100.&&&&&07.100 to GTO [10] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[10] Retired[11] 2004 2004 Ariane 5G+
Ariane 5GS   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&018000.&&&&&018.000[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&06600.&&&&&06.600 to GTO [10] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06[10] Retired[11] 2005 2009 Ariane 5GS
Ariane 6   Europe EADS Astrium &&&&&&&&&&&06500.&&&&&06.500 to GTO 93 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Ariane 6
ASLV   India ISRO[12] 1987 1994 ASLV
Athena I   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[13] Retired 1995 2001 Athena I
Athena Ic [14]   Amerika Serikat ATK
Lockheed Martin 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Athena Ic
Athena II   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&02065.&&&&&02.065[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[15] Retired[butuh rujukan] 1998 1999 Athena II
Athena IIc [14]   Amerika Serikat ATK
Lockheed Martin 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Athena IIc
Atlas-Centaur   Amerika Serikat Lockheed &&&&&&&&&&&08618.&&&&&08.618[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&03833.&&&&&03.833 to GTO[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&0148.&&&&&0148 Retired 1962 1983 Atlas-Centaur
Atlas G   Amerika Serikat Lockheed &&&&&&&&&&&05900.&&&&&05.900[16] &&&&&&&&&&&02222.&&&&&02.222 to GTO
1,179 to HCO[16] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07[16] Retired 1984 1989 Atlas G
Atlas H/MSD   Amerika Serikat Lockheed &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05 Retired 1983 1987 Atlas H/MSD
Atlas I   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&05900.&&&&&05.900[16] &&&&&&&&&&&02340.&&&&&02.340[16] &&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011[16] Retired 1990 1997 Atlas I
Atlas II   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&06780.&&&&&06.780[16] &&&&&&&&&&&02810.&&&&&02.810 to GTO
2,000 to HCO[16] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[16] Retired 1991 1998 Atlas II
Atlas IIA   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&07316.&&&&&07.316[16] &&&&&&&&&&&03180.&&&&&03.180 to GTO
2,160 to HCO[16] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&023.&&&&&023[16] Retired 1992 2002 Atlas IIA
Atlas IIAS   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&08618.&&&&&08.618[16] &&&&&&&&&&&03833.&&&&&03.833 to GTO
2,680 to HCO[16] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&030.&&&&&030[16] Retired 1993 2004 Atlas IIAS
Atlas IIIA   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&08686.&&&&&08.686[16] &&&&&&&&&&&04060.&&&&&04.060 to GTO
2,970 to HCO[16] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[16] Retired 2000 2004 Atlas IIIA
Atlas IIIB/DEC   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&010759.&&&&&010.759[16] &&&&&&&&&&&04609.&&&&&04.609 to GTO[16] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[16] Retired 2002 2002 Atlas IIIB/DEC
Atlas IIIB/SEC   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&&04193.&&&&&04.193 to GTO [16] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[16] Retired 2003 2005 Atlas IIIB/SEC
Atlas V 401   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&09050.&&&&&09.050[17] 6,670 to SSO
4,950 to GTO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&0125.&&&&&0125 [8] 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.13,812 [8] &&&&&&&&&&&&&018.&&&&&018[17] Operational 2002 Atlas V 401
Atlas V 411   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&09050.&&&&&09.050[17] 8,495 to SSO
6,075 to GTO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[17] Operational 2006 Atlas V 411
Atlas V 421   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&09050.&&&&&09.050[17] 9,050 to SSO
7,000 to GTO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[17] Operational 2007 Atlas V 421
Atlas V 431   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&09050.&&&&&09.050[17] 9,050 to SSO
7,800 to GTO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[17] Operational 2005 Atlas V 431
Atlas V 501   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&08250.&&&&&08.250[17] 5,945 to SSO
3,970 to GTO
1,500 to GEO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[17] Operational 2010 Atlas V 501
Atlas V 511   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&010950.&&&&&010.950[17] 7,820 to SSO
5,370 to GTO
1,750 to GEO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00[17] Operational Atlas V 511
Atlas V 521   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&013300.&&&&&013.300[17] 9,585 to SSO
6,485 to GTO
2,760 to GEO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[17] Operational 2003 Atlas V 521
Atlas V 531   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&015300.&&&&&015.300[17] 11,160 to SSO
7,425 to GTO
3,250 to GEO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[17] Operational 2010 Atlas V 531
Atlas V 541   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&017100.&&&&&017.100[17] 12,435 to SSO
8,240 to GTO
3,730 to GEO[17] 		223 (2013)[18] 27,063 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[17] Operational Atlas V 541
Atlas V 551   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&018500.&&&&&018.500[17] 12,435 to SSO
8,700 to GTO
3,960 to GEO[17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[17] Operational 2006 Atlas V 551
Black Arrow   Britania Raya RAE &&&&&&&&&&&&&073.&&&&&073 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Retired 1969[note 2] 1971 Black Arrow
Commercial Titan III   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Retired 1990 1992 Commercial Titan III
Delta 0300   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&0700.&&&&&0700[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&0370.&&&&&0370 to SSO[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired[20] 1972 1973 Delta 0300
Delta 0900   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&01300.&&&&&01.300[21] &&&&&&&&&&&&0818.&&&&&0818 to SSO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[19] Retired 1972 1972 Delta 0900
Delta 1410   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1975 1975 Delta 1410
Delta 1604   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[19] Retired 1972 1973 Delta 1604
Delta 1900   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&01800.&&&&&01.800[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1973 1973 Delta 1900
Delta 1910   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1975 1975 Delta 1910
Delta 1913   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1973 1973 Delta 1913
Delta 1914   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[19] Retired 1972 1973 Delta 1914
Delta 2310   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired 1974 1981 Delta 2310
Delta 2313   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired 1974 1977 Delta 2313
Delta 2910   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&01887.&&&&&01.887[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06[19] Retired 1975 1978 Delta 2910
Delta 2913   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&02000.&&&&&02.000[22] &&&&&&&&&&&&0700.&&&&&0700 to GTO[22] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06[19] Retired 1975 1976 Delta 2913
Delta 2914   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&0724.&&&&&0724 to GTO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&030.&&&&&030[19] Retired 1974 1979 Delta 2914
Delta 3910   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&02494.&&&&&02.494[19] &&&&&&&&&&&01154.&&&&&01.154 to GTO with PAM-D[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[19] Retired 1980 1988 Delta 3910
Delta 3913   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1981 1981 Delta 3913
Delta 3914   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&&0954.&&&&&0954 to GTO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013[19] Retired 1975 1987 Delta 3914
Delta 3920   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&03452.&&&&&03.452[19] &&&&&&&&&&&01284.&&&&&01.284 to GTO with PAM-D[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[19] Retired 1982 1989 Delta 3920
Delta 3924   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&01104.&&&&&01.104 to GTO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[19] Retired 1982 1984 Delta 3924
Delta 4925   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&03400.&&&&&03.400[23] &&&&&&&&&&&01312.&&&&&01.312 to GTO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[19] Retired 1989 1990 Delta 4925
Delta 5920   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&03848.&&&&&03.848[24] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1989 1989 Delta 5920
Delta II 6920   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&03983.&&&&&03.983[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired 1990 1992 Delta II 6920
Delta II 6925   Amerika Serikat McDonnell Douglas &&&&&&&&&&&01447.&&&&&01.447 to GTO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014[19] Retired 1989 1992 Delta II 6925
Delta II 7320   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&02865.&&&&&02.865[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&01651.&&&&&01.651 to SSO[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[19] Retired 1999 2011 Delta II 7320
Delta II 7326   Amerika Serikat Boeing IDS &&&&&&&&&&&&0934.&&&&&0934 to GTO
636 to TLI
629 to HCO[note 3][19] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired 1998[butuh rujukan] Delta II 7326
Delta II 7420   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&03185.&&&&&03.185[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&01966.&&&&&01.966 to SSO[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013[19] Retired 1998 2010 Delta II 7420
Delta II 7425   Amerika Serikat Boeing IDS &&&&&&&&&&&01100.&&&&&01.100 to GTO
804 to HCO[note 3][19] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[19] Retired 1998 2002 Delta II 7425
Delta II 7426   Amerika Serikat Boeing IDS &&&&&&&&&&&01058.&&&&&01.058 to GTO
734 to TLI
711 to HCO[note 3][19] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[19] Retired 1999 1999 Delta II 7426
Delta II 7920   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&05030.&&&&&05.030[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&03123.&&&&&03.123 to SSO[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&027.&&&&&027[19] Operational 1998 2011 Delta II 7920
Delta II 7925   Amerika Serikat Boeing IDS &&&&&&&&&&&01819.&&&&&01.819 to GTO
1,177 to TLI
1,265 to HCO[note 3][19] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&069.&&&&&069[19] Retired 1990 2009 Delta II 7925
Delta II-H 7920H   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&06097.&&&&&06.097[note 3][19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired 2003 2011 Delta II-H 7920H
Delta II-H 7925H   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&&02171.&&&&&02.171 to GTO
1,508 to HCO[note 3][19] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Operational
[butuh rujukan][note 4] 		2003 2007 Delta II-H 7925H
Delta III 8930   Amerika Serikat Boeing IDS &&&&&&&&&&&08292.&&&&&08.292[19] &&&&&&&&&&&03810.&&&&&03.810 to GTO[19] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[19] Retired 1998 2000 Delta III 8930
Delta IV-H   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&022950.&&&&&022.950[25] &&&&&&&&&&012980.&&&&&012.980 to GTO [25] &&&&&&&&&&&&0300.&&&&&0300(€220)[26] &&&&&&&&&&013072.&&&&&013.072[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05 Operational 2004 Delta IV-H
Delta IV-M   Amerika Serikat Boeing IDS &&&&&&&&&&&08120.&&&&&08.120[27] &&&&&&&&&&&04210.&&&&&04.210 to GTO
2,722 to HCO[27] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[27] Retired 2003 2006 Delta IV-M
Delta IV-M+(4,2)   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&011750.&&&&&011.750[28] &&&&&&&&&&&05740.&&&&&05.740 to GTO[28] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08[27] Operational 2002 Delta IV-M+(4,2)
Delta IV-M+(5,2)   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&010250.&&&&&010.250[28] &&&&&&&&&&&04590.&&&&&04.590 to GTO[28] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00[27] Operational Delta IV-M+(5,2)
Delta IV-M+(5,4)   Amerika Serikat United Launch Alliance &&&&&&&&&&013500.&&&&&013.500[28] &&&&&&&&&&&06470.&&&&&06.470 to GTO[28] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[27] Operational 2009[29] Delta IV-M+(5,4)
Diamant   Prancis SEREB &&&&&&&&&&&&&012.&&&&&012 Retired 1965 1975 Diamant
Dnepr-1   Ukraina Yuzhmash &&&&&&&&&&&03700.&&&&&03.700[30] &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014(€10)[2] &&&&&&&&&&&03784.&&&&&03.784[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016 Operational 1999 Dnepr-1
Energia[note 5]   Uni Soviet NPO Energia &&&&&&&&&0100000.&&&&&0100.000[31] &&&&&&&&&&020000.&&&&&020.000 to GTO[31]
32,000 to TLI[31] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&0240.&&&&&0240[note 6] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[32] Retired 1987 1987 Energia
Energia-Buran   Uni Soviet NPO Energia (Launcher)
NPO Molniya (Orbiter) 		&&&&&&&&&&030000.&&&&&030.000[31]
[note 7] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 Retired 1988 1988 Energia-Buran
Epsilon   Jepang IHI Aerospace[33]　　　　　 &&&&&&&&&&&01200.&&&&&01.200[34] ¥3.8B (US$38)[35] &&&&&&&&&&031667.&&&&&031.667 1 Operational[34] 2013 Epsilon
Falcon 1   Amerika Serikat SpaceX &&&&&&&&&&&&0670.&&&&&0670[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05 Retired[36] 2006 2009 Falcon 1
Falcon 1e   Amerika Serikat SpaceX &&&&&&&&&&&01010.&&&&&01.010[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&010.90000010,9 &&&&&&&&&&010792.&&&&&010.792[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Retired[36] Falcon 1e
Falcon 9 v1.0   Amerika Serikat SpaceX &&&&&&&&&&010450.&&&&&010.450[37][38][39] &&&&&&&&&&&04680.&&&&&04.680 to GTO[37] &&&&&&&&&&&&&056.&&&&&056[37] &&&&&&&&&&&05359.&&&&&05.359[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05[40] Retired[41] 2010 2013 Falcon 9 v1.0
Falcon 9 v1.1   Amerika Serikat SpaceX &&&&&&&&&&016625.&&&&&016.625[42] &&&&&&&&&&&05760.&&&&&05.760 to GTO[43] &&&&&&&&&&&&&056.&&&&&056[37] &&&&&&&&&&&04109.&&&&&04.109[44] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 Operational 2013 Falcon 9 v1.1
Falcon Heavy   Amerika Serikat SpaceX &&&&&&&&&&053000.&&&&&053.000[45][46] &&&&&&&&&&012000.&&&&&012.000 to GTO[45]
&&&&&&&&&&016000.&&&&&016.000 to TLI[46] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&083.&&&&&083–128[45] &&&&&&&&&&&02200.&&&&&02.200[44] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Falcon Heavy
GSLV Mk.I(a)   India ISRO[47][48] Retired 2001 2001 GSLV Mk.I(a)
GSLV Mk.I(b) [49][50]   India ISRO Retired 2004 2007[butuh rujukan] GSLV Mk.I(b)
GSLV Mk.I(c)   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[butuh rujukan] Operational 2010 GSLV Mk.I(c)
GSLV Mk.II [51]   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&02500.&&&&&02.500[52] Operational 2010 GSLV Mk.II
GSLV Mk.III   India ISRO[53] &&&&&&&&&&010000.&&&&&010.000[butuh rujukan] 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.5,000[54] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development GSLV Mk.III
H-I   Jepang
  Amerika Serikat 		Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&03200.&&&&&03.200[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&01100.&&&&&01.100 to GTO[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09 Retired 1986 1992 H-I
H-II   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05[55][note 8] Retired 1994 1998 H-II
H-IIA 202   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&010000.&&&&&010.000[56] &&&&&&&&&&&03800.&&&&&03.800 to GTO[56] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09[56] Operational 2001 H-IIA 202
H-IIA 204   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&05800.&&&&&05.800 to GTO[56] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[56] Operational 2006 2006 H-IIA 204
H-IIA 2022   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&04200.&&&&&04.200[56] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03[56] Retired 2005 2007 H-IIA 2022
H-IIA 2024   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07[56] Retired 2002 2008 H-IIA 2024
H-IIB 304   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&016500.&&&&&016.500[45] &&&&&&&&&&&08000.&&&&&08.000[57][pranala nonaktif] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[58] Operational 2009 H-IIB 304
H-II/SSB   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[55] Retired 1995 1995 H-II/SSB
H-IIS   Jepang Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[note 9][55] Retired 1999 1999 H-IIS
J-I   Jepang IHI Corporation
Nissan Motors[59] 		0(+1) Retired 1996 1996 J-I
Kaituozhe-1   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Operational 2002 2003[butuh rujukan] Kaituozhe-1
Kosmos-3M   Uni Soviet
  Rusia 		NPO Polyot &&&&&&&&&&&01500.&&&&&01.500 €12 million[2] &&&&&&&&&&&&0442.&&&&&0442[butuh rujukan] Retired 1967 2010[butuh rujukan] Kosmos-3M
Lambda 4S   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] &&&&&&&&&&&&&026.&&&&&026[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05 Retired 1966 1970[butuh rujukan] Lambda 4S
Long March 1   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&0300.&&&&&0300[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 Retired[60] 1969 1971[butuh rujukan] Long March 1
Long March 1D   Tiongkok CALT 0(+3) Operational[butuh rujukan] 1995[note 10] 2002 Long March 1D
Long March 2A   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 Retired 1974 1974[butuh rujukan] Long March 2A
Long March 2C   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&032.&&&&&032 Operational 1975[butuh rujukan] Long March 2C
Long March 2D   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014 Operational 1992[butuh rujukan] Long March 2D
Long March 2E   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07[butuh rujukan] Retired 1990 1995[butuh rujukan] Long March 2E
Long March 2F   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07 Operational 1999 [butuh rujukan] Long March 2F
Long March 2F/G   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 Operational 2011 Long March 2F/G
Long March 3   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014 Retired 1984 Long March 3
Long March 3A   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&02650.&&&&&02.650 to GTO[61] &&&&&&&&&&&&&023.&&&&&023[butuh rujukan] Operational 1994 Long March 3A
Long March 3B   Tiongkok CALT 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.11,200[45][62]Templat:Source need translation &&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[butuh rujukan] Operational 1996 Long March 3B
Long March 3B/E   Tiongkok CALT 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.5,500 to GTO [62] Operational 2007[butuh rujukan] Long March 3B/E
Long March 3B(A)   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development[butuh rujukan] Long March 3B(A)
Long March 3C   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&03700.&&&&&03.700 [62] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08
[butuh rujukan] 		Operational 2008 Long March 3C
Long March 4A   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02
[butuh rujukan] 		Retired 1988 1990[butuh rujukan] Long March 4A
Long March 4B   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&04200.&&&&&04.200[63] &&&&&&&&&&&&&018.&&&&&018[63] Operational 1999[63] Long March 4B
Long March 4C   Tiongkok CALT Operational 2007[butuh rujukan] Long March 4C
Long March 5   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&025000.&&&&&025.000 [64] &&&&&&&&&&014000.&&&&&014.000 to GTO [64] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development[butuh rujukan] Long March 5
Long March 6   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development[butuh rujukan]
since 2009 		Long March 6
Long March 7   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development
since 2009[butuh rujukan] 		Long March 7
Long March 9   Tiongkok CALT &&&&&&&&&0130000.&&&&&0130.000[65] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Long March 9
M-V   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] (-2000)
IHI AEROSPACE[33] (-2006) 		&&&&&&&&&&&01800.&&&&&01.800 - 1,850[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07 Retired 1997 2006 M-V
Minotaur I   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&&0580.&&&&&0580[66] &&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[67] Operational 2000 2011 Minotaur I
Minotaur IV   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03(+2)[68] Operational 2010[68] 2011[68] Minotaur IV
Minotaur V   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&&0640.&&&&&0640 to GTO
447 to TLI 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[68] Operational 2013[68] Minotaur V
Molniya   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&&024.&&&&&024[69] Retired 1960 1965[69] Molniya
Molniya-M   Uni Soviet
  Rusia 		RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&0275.&&&&&0275 Retired 1964 2010 Molniya-M
Mu-3C   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] &&&&&&&&&&&&0195.&&&&&0195[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Retired 1974 1979 Mu-3C
Mu-3H   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] &&&&&&&&&&&&0300.&&&&&0300[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 Retired 1977 1978 Mu-3H
Mu-3S   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] &&&&&&&&&&&&0300.&&&&&0300[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Retired 1980 1984[butuh rujukan] Mu-3S
Mu-3SII   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] &&&&&&&&&&&&0770.&&&&&0770[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 Retired 1985 1995 Mu-3SII
Mu-4S   Jepang Nissan Motors[59] &&&&&&&&&&&&0180.&&&&&0180[34] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Retired 1971 1972 Mu-4S
N1   Uni Soviet NPO Energia &&&&&&&&&&095000.&&&&&095.000 [70][71][72][note 11] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 [73] Retired 1969 1972 N1
N-I   Jepang
  Amerika Serikat 		Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Retired 1975 1982[butuh rujukan] N-I
N-II   Jepang
  Amerika Serikat 		Mitsubishi Heavy Industries &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 Retired 1981 1987[butuh rujukan] N-II
Naro-1   Korea Selatan
  Rusia 		KARI/Khrunichev 3 Retired 2009 2013 Naro-1
Paektusan   North Korea KCST Retired 1998 1998
Pegasus   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&&0443.&&&&&0443 &&&&&&&&&&&&&041.&&&&&041[74] Operational 1990 2012[74] Pegasus
Pegasus II   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&06120.&&&&&06.120[75] &&&&&&&&&&&02000.&&&&&02.000 to GTO[75] Development Pegasus II
Polyot   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&01400.&&&&&01.400 Retired 1963 1964[butuh rujukan] Polyot
Proton-K   Uni Soviet
  Rusia 		Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&019760.&&&&&019.760[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&04930.&&&&&04.930[butuh rujukan] to GTO &&&&&&&&&&&&0311.&&&&&0311 [76] Retired 1965 2012[butuh rujukan] Proton-K
Proton-M   Uni Soviet
  Rusia 		Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&021600.&&&&&021.600[77] &&&&&&&&&&&06150.&&&&&06.150 to GTO[77] &&&&&&&&&&&&&085.&&&&&085 [78] &&&&&&&&&&&04302.&&&&&04.302[78] &&&&&&&&&&&&&061.&&&&&061 [76] Operational 2001[butuh rujukan] Proton-M
PSLV   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&03200.&&&&&03.200[79] &&&&&&&&&&&01600.&&&&&01.600 to SSO
1,050 to GTO[80] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011 Operational 1993[butuh rujukan] PSLV
PSLV-CA   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&02800.&&&&&02.800[79] &&&&&&&&&&&01100.&&&&&01.100 to SSO[80] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07 Operational 2007 PSLV-CA
PSLV-XL   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&03800.&&&&&03.800[80] 1,750 to SSO
1,300 to GTO[80] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 Operational 2008 PSLV-XL
PSLV-HP   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&04000.&&&&&04.000[80] 1,900 to SSO
1,440 to GTO[80] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development PSLV-HP
Rokot   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&&01950.&&&&&01.950 &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014[81] &&&&&&&&&&&07179.&&&&&07.179[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014[82] Operational 1990
Safir   Iran Iranian Space Agency &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 Operational 2008 2012[butuh rujukan] Safir
Saturn I   Amerika Serikat Chrysler (S-I)
Douglas (S-IV) 		&&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010[83] Retired 1961 1965[83] Saturn I
Saturn IB   Amerika Serikat Chrysler (S-IB)
Douglas (S-IVB) 		&&&&&&&&&&020412.&&&&&020.412[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09[84] Retired 1966 1975 Saturn IB
Saturn V   Amerika Serikat Boeing (S-IC)
North American (S-II)
Douglas (S-IVB) 		&&&&&&&&&0118000.&&&&&0118.000[85] &&&&&&&&&&047000.&&&&&047.000 to TLI[85] &&&&&&&&&&&&0185.&&&&&0185 (126.394 billion in 2024)[86] 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.9,915[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013[87][88][note 12] Retired 1967 1973 Saturn V
Scout   Amerika Serikat US Air Force/NASA &&&&&&&&&&&&0150.&&&&&0150 &&&&&&&&&&&&0125.&&&&&0125 Retired 1961 1994 Scout
Shavit   Israel IAE &&&&&&&&&&&&0160.&&&&&0160 &&&&&&&&&&&&&015.&&&&&015 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09 Operational 1988 2010 Shavit
Shtil'   Rusia Makeyev &&&&&&&&&&&&0160.&&&&&0160 - 430 Operational 1998 2006[butuh rujukan] Shtil'
Simorgh   Iran Iranian Space Agency &&&&&&&&&&&&&060.&&&&&060-100[89][90] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Simorgh
SLS Block 1   Amerika Serikat Alliant Techsystems (SRBs)

Boeing (proposed)[91]

&&&&&&&&&&070000.&&&&&070.000[92] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development SLS Block 1
SLS Block 2   Amerika Serikat Alliant Techsystems (SRBs)

Boeing (proposed)[91]

&&&&&&&&&0130000.&&&&&0130.000[92] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development SLS Block 2
SLV   India ISRO &&&&&&&&&&&&&040.&&&&&040[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[butuh rujukan] 1979 1983[butuh rujukan] SLV
Soyuz   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&06450.&&&&&06.450 &&&&&&&&&&&&&030.&&&&&030 Retired 1966 1975 Soyuz
Soyuz-L   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&05500.&&&&&05.500 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 Retired 1970 1971 Soyuz-L
Soyuz-M   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&06600.&&&&&06.600 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 Retired 1971 1976 Soyuz-M
Soyuz-U   Uni Soviet
  Rusia 		TsSKB-Progress &&&&&&&&&&&06200.&&&&&06.200–6,700 kg from Plesetsk)
6590-6950 from Baikonour[93] 		&&&&&&&&&&&&0727.&&&&&0727 Operational 1973 Soyuz-U
Soyuz-U2   Uni Soviet
  Rusia 		TsSKB-Progress &&&&&&&&&&&&&092.&&&&&092 Retired 1982 1995 Soyuz-U2
Soyuz-FG   Rusia TsSKB-Progress &&&&&&&&&&&06790.&&&&&06.790–7130 kg[94] &&&&&&&&&&&&&029.&&&&&029 Operational 2001 Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2.1a   Rusia TsSKB-Progress 7(+1) Operational 2004[note 13] Soyuz-2.1a
Soyuz-2.1b   Rusia TsSKB-Progress &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Operational 2011 Soyuz-2.1b
Soyuz-2.1v   Rusia TsSKB-Progress &&&&&&&&&&&02850.&&&&&02.850 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Soyuz-2.1v
Space Shuttle   Amerika Serikat Alliant Techsystems (SRBs)
Martin Marietta (ET)
Rockwell International (Orbiter) 		&&&&&&&&&&024400.&&&&&024.400[note 7] &&&&&&&&&&&&0300.&&&&&0300 [78] &&&&&&&&&&010416.&&&&&010.416 [78] &&&&&&&&&&&&0135.&&&&&0135[95] Retired 1981 2011 Space Shuttle
Sputnik 8K71PS   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&0500.&&&&&0500 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Retired 1957 1957 Sputnik 8K71PS
Sputnik 8A91   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&01327.&&&&&01.327 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Retired 1958 1958 Sputnik 8A91
Start-1   Rusia MITT &&&&&&&&&&&&0532.&&&&&0532[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&0167.&&&&&0167 to SSO[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07[butuh rujukan] Operational 1993 2006[butuh rujukan] Start-1
StratoLaunch   Amerika Serikat Stratolaunch Systems &&&&&&&&&&&06100.&&&&&06.100[96] Development[96] 2016[97] StratoLaunch
Strela   Rusia Khrunichev &&&&&&&&&&&01700.&&&&&01.700 €5 million.[2] Operational[butuh rujukan] 2003 2003 Strela
Super Haas   Rumania ARCA &&&&&&&&&&&02600.&&&&&02.600 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Super Haas
Taurus   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&01320.&&&&&01.320[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09[butuh rujukan] Operational[98] 1994 2011[butuh rujukan] Taurus
Antares   Amerika Serikat Orbital &&&&&&&&&&&06000.&&&&&06.000[99] &&&&&&&&&&&01900.&&&&&01.900 to GTO[99] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Operational 2013 2013 Antares
Titan II GLV   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta 11(+1) Retired 1964 1966 Titan II GLV
Titan II(23)G   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013 Retired 1988 2003 Titan II(23)G
Titan IIIA   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta Retired 1964 1965 Titan IIIA
Titan IIIB   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&070.&&&&&070 Retired 1966 1987 Titan IIIB
Titan IIIC   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&036.&&&&&036 Retired 1965 1982 Titan IIIC
Titan IIID   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&022.&&&&&022 Retired 1971 1982 Titan IIID
Titan IIIE   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07 Retired 1974 1977 Titan IIID
Titan 34D   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&015.&&&&&015 Retired 1982 1989 Titan 34D
Titan IVA   Amerika Serikat Martin Marietta &&&&&&&&&&&&&022.&&&&&022[100] Retired 1989 1998 Titan IVA
Titan IVB   Amerika Serikat Lockheed Martin &&&&&&&&&&021682.&&&&&021.682[101] &&&&&&&&&&&05761.&&&&&05.761 to GTO [101]
(9,000 with upper stage) 		&&&&&&&&&&&&0432.&&&&&0432 &&&&&&&&&&013836.&&&&&013.836[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&017.&&&&&017[100] Retired 1997 2005 Titan IVB
Tronador II   Argentina CONAE &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Tronador 2.0
Tsyklon-2A   Uni Soviet Yuzhmash &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08[102] Retired 1967 1969 Tsyklon-2A
Tsyklon-2   Uni Soviet
  Ukraina 		Yuzhmash &&&&&&&&&&&&0106.&&&&&0106[103] Retired 1969 2006[103] Tsyklon-2
Tsyklon-3   Uni Soviet
  Ukraina 		Yuzhmash &&&&&&&&&&&&0122.&&&&&0122[104] Retired 1977 2009[104] Tsyklon-3
Tsyklon-4   Ukraina Yuzhmash &&&&&&&&&&&05500.&&&&&05.500 [105] &&&&&&&&&&&01700.&&&&&01.700 to GTO [105] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Development Tsyklon-4
Unha   North Korea KCST &&&&&&&&&&&&0100.&&&&&0100[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[butuh rujukan] Operational[butuh rujukan] 2006 2009[butuh rujukan] Unha
Vanguard   Amerika Serikat Martin &&&&&&&&&&&&&023.&&&&&023[butuh rujukan] 11(+1) Retired 1957 1959 Vanguard
Vega   Europe ESA/ASI &&&&&&&&&&&01500.&&&&&01.500 &&&&&&&&&&&&&023.50000023,5 [106] &&&&&&&&&&015600.&&&&&015.600[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Operational 2012 [107] Vega
VLS-1   Brasil AEB, INPE &&&&&&&&&&&&0380.&&&&&0380 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02[note 14] Operational 1997 2003 VLS-1
Volna   Rusia Makeyev &&&&&&&&&&&&0100.&&&&&0100 1(+5)[A] Operational[butuh rujukan] 1995[note 15] 2005 Volna
Voskhod   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&0306.&&&&&0306 Retired 1963 1976 Voskhod
Vostok-L   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Retired 1960 1960 Vostok-L
Vostok-K   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016 Retired 1960 1964[butuh rujukan] Vostok-K
Vostok-2   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&&045.&&&&&045 Retired 1962 1967[butuh rujukan] Vostok-2
Vostok-2M   Uni Soviet RSC Energia &&&&&&&&&&&&&093.&&&&&093[butuh rujukan] Retired 1964 1991[butuh rujukan] Vostok-2M
Soyuz/Vostok   Uni Soviet RSC Energia Retired 1965 1966[butuh rujukan] Soyuz/Vostok
Zenit-2   Uni Soviet
  Ukraina 		Yuzhnoye &&&&&&&&&&013740.&&&&&013.740[108] &&&&&&&&&&&&&037.&&&&&037[58] Retired 1985 2004[109] Zenit-2
Zenit-2M (2SLB)   Ukraina Yuzhnoye &&&&&&&&&&013920.&&&&&013.920[108] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 Operational 2007 Zenit-2M (2SLB)
Zenit-3F   Ukraina Yuzhnoye[note 16] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 Operational 2011 Zenit-3F
Zenit-3SL   Ukraina Yuzhmash
RKK Energia [note 17] 		&&&&&&&&&&&06000.&&&&&06.000 to GTO [110] &&&&&&&&&&&&0100.&&&&&0100[111] &&&&&&&&&&&&&030.&&&&&030 Operational 1999 Zenit-3SL
Zenit-3SLB   Ukraina Yuzhmash
RKK Energia [note 16] 		&&&&&&&&&&&03750.&&&&&03.750 to GTO[butuh rujukan] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04[butuh rujukan] Operational 2008 Zenit-3SLB


Catatan

  1. ^ A full listing of the Ariane 5 launch history is in its main article.
  2. ^ Suborbital test in 1969, first orbital launch attempt in 1970
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l With 9.5 foot (2.9 metre) fairing
  4. ^ No flights planned, but 5 unsold heavies could be used.
  5. ^ Without Buran, and assuming payload providing orbital insertion
  6. ^ Encyclopedia Astronautica quotes Energia's "flyaway unit cost" at "$764 million in 1985 dollars". However the realistic exchange rate of Soviet currency was drastically different from the official conversion rate which had been set by decree at 0.8 Soviet rubles per US$1. Unofficially one US dollar in 1980s was in terms of purchasing power roughly equivalent to four Soviet rubles.
  7. ^ a b The US Space Shuttle Transportation System and the Soviet Energia-Buran system, consist of launch vehicle rockets and returnable spaceplane orbiter. Payload values listed here are for the mass of the payload in cargo bay of the spaceplanes, excluding the mass of the spaceplanes themselves.
  8. ^ Not including two launches made using the H-II/SSB and H-IIS configurations
  9. ^ Only launch failed to achieve orbit
  10. ^ Suborbital test flights in 1995, 1997 and 2002, no orbital launches attempted
  11. ^ The N1 rocket was initially designed for 75mt LEO capacity and launch attempts were made with this version, but there were studies to increase the payload capacity to 90—95 mt, if a liquid-hydrogen upper stage engine could be developed.
  12. ^ The Saturn V made 13 launches, 12 of which reached the correct orbits, and the other (Apollo 6) reached a different orbit than the one which had been planned; however, some mission objectives could still be completed; NASA, Saturn V News Reference, Appendix: Saturn V Flight History (1968). For more information, see the Saturn V article. The Saturn V launch record is usually quoted as having never failed, e.g. "The rocket was masterminded by Wernher Von Braun and did not fail in any of its flights", Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin; Saturn, but the Apollo 6 launch should be considered a partial mission failure. The 13th launch of Saturn V was in special configuration (SA-513) with the Skylab.
  13. ^ Suborbital test flight in 2004, first orbital launch in 2006
  14. ^ A third rocket exploded before launch
  15. ^ First orbital launch attempt in 2005
  16. ^ a b Operated by Land Launch
  17. ^ Operated by Sea Launch

Referensi

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