Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama
681-1018 negara di Eropa Tenggara
Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama (bahasa Bulgaria: Първo Българско царство, Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) adalah negara di Bulgaria pada abad pertengahan yang didirikan pada tahun 632 di daerah dekat delta sungai Donau dan mengalami disintegerasi tahun 1018 setelah dianeksasi oleh Kekaisaran Bizantium. Pada puncak kekuasaannya, Bulgaria terbentang dari Budapest hingga Laut Hitam dan dari sungai Dnieper di Ukraina hingga Laut Adriatik.
Kekaisaran Bulgaria ц︢рьство бл︢гарское | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 681–1018 | |||||||||||||||
 Bulgaria dalam masa pemerintahan Simeon yang Agung | |||||||||||||||
| Ibu kota | Pliska (681–893) Preslav (893–972) Skopje (972–992) Ohrid (992–1018) | ||||||||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Bulgar Turki,[1] Yunani[2][3][4][5][6] (681–893) Bulgaria kuno (893–1018) | ||||||||||||||
| Agama | Tengrisme, Paganisme (681–864) Ortodoks Bulgaria (864–1018) | ||||||||||||||
| Pemerintahan | Monarki | ||||||||||||||
| Raja | |||||||||||||||
• 681–700 | Asparukh | ||||||||||||||
• 1018 | Presian II | ||||||||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Abad Pertengahan | ||||||||||||||
• Kedatangan Asparukh | 681 | ||||||||||||||
| 864 | |||||||||||||||
• Bahasa Bulgaria menjadi bahasa nasional | 893 | ||||||||||||||
| 913 | |||||||||||||||
• Jatuh ke tangan Byzantium | 1018 | ||||||||||||||
| Luas | |||||||||||||||
| 830[7] | 593.000 km2 (229.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| 927[8] | 807.000 km2 (312.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| 1000[9] | 487.000 km2 (188.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Kode ISO 3166 | BG | ||||||||||||||
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| Sekarang bagian dari | |||||||||||||||
Referensi
- ^ Jean W Sedlar, East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500, University of Washington Press, 2011, ISBN 9780295800646, p. 424
- ^ The barbarian conversion: from paganism to Christianity, Richard A. Fletcher, University of California Press, 1999, ISBN 0-520-21859-0, p. 338
- ^ A history of the Greek language: from its origins to the present, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, BRILL, 2005, ISBN 90-04-12835-2, p. 265.
- ^ Greek East and Latin West: the church, AD 681-1071, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2007, ISBN 0-88141-320-8, p. 180.
- ^ The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0-472-08149-7, p. 106.
- ^ The other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans, Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, BRILL, 2008, ISBN 90-04-16389-1, pp. 350-351.
- ^ "Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages", Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 64
- ^ "Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages", Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 66
- ^ "Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages", Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 69
- Zlatarski, Vasil N. (1918). Medieval History of the Bulgarian State, Vol I: History of the First Bulgarian Empire, Part I: Age of Hunn-Bulgar Domination (679–852) (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Sofia: Science and Arts Publishers, 2nd Edition (Petar Petrov, Ed.), Zahari Stoyanov Publishers, 4th Edition, 2006. ISBN 9547366284 Periksa nilai: checksum
|isbn=(bantuan). (История на българската държава през средните векове. Том I., История на Първото българско царство. Част I. Епоха на хуно-българското надмощие (679–852), София 1918) - Zlatarski, Vasil N. (1927). Medieval History of the Bulgarian State, Vol I: History of the First Bulgarian Empire, Part II: From Slavianization to the Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire (852–1018) (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2002. (История на българската държава през средните векове. Том I. История на Първото българско царство. Част II. От славянизацията на държавата до падането на Първото царство (852–1018)], София 1927)
- Бакалов, Георги (2003). Електронна издание – История на България (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). София: Труд, Сирма. ISBN 9844830679 Periksa nilai: checksum
|isbn=(bantuan). - Цанев, Стефан (2006). Български хроники (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). София, Пловдив: Труд, Жанет 45. ISBN 954-528-610-5.
- Делев, Петър (2006). История и цивилизация за 11. клас (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Труд, Сирма.
- Българите и България (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Министерство на външните работи на България, Труд, Сирма. 2005.
- Fine, Jr., John V.A. (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472081493.
- Runciman, Steven (1930). A History of the First Bulgarian Empire (dalam bahasa English). G. Bell & Sons, London.
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