Merpati penumpang
| Merpati penumpang | |
|---|---|
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| Male Passenger Pigeon--chromolithograph | |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
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| Genus: | Ectopistes Swainson, 1827
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| Spesies: | E. migratorius
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| Nama binomial | |
| Ectopistes migratorius | |
Merpati penumpang (Ectopistes migratorius) adalah spesies merpati yang merupakan salah satu burung yang paling umum di Amerika Serikat. Diperkirakan bahwa terdapat 5 miliar merpati penumpang di Amerika Serikat ketika Eropa mengkolonisasi Amerika Utara.[1] Mereka hidup pada kumpulan besar, dan selama migrasi, mereka dapat terlihat, membutuhkan beberapa hari untuk melewati dan membawa miliaran burung.[2][3] [4] Setelah abad ke-19, spesies ini menjadi salah satu burung yang hampir punah.[5]
Berkurangnya populasinya disebabkan oleh hilangnya habitat ketika orang Eropa mulai memasuki daerah dalam. Namun, akibat utama kepunahannya adalah ketika daging merpati dikomersialisasikan sebagai makanan murah untuk budak dan orang miskin pada abad ke-19, menyebabkan perburuan besar-besaran. "Martha" diketahui sebagai merpati penumpang terakhir di dunia yang meninggal pada tanggal 1 September 1914 di Cincinnati, Ohio.
Referensi
Daftar pustaka
- Weidensaul, Scott (1994). Mountains of the Heart: A Natural History of the Appalachians. Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 1-55591-143-9.
- Eckert, Allan W. (1965). The Silent Sky: The Incredible Extinction of the Passenger Pigeon. Lincoln NE: IUniverse.com. ISBN 0-595-08963-1.
- New York Times; August 18, 1901, Wednesday; The Hon. Charles T. Dunning of Goshen, ex-Chief Clerk of the New York State Senate, has a fine collection of mounted specimens of birds, and among them is one of a bird that is today extinct, so far as any one has been able to discover, although less than fifteen years ago it was abundant on this continent and to the people of this State was as familiar as sparrows now are.
- Schorger, A.W. 1955. The Passenger Pigeon: Its Natural History and Extinction. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. Reprinted in paperback, 2004, by Blackburn Press. ISBN 1-930665-96-2. 424 pp.
Catatan
- ^ Smithsonian Institution; it is believed that this species once constituted 25 to 40 per cent of the total bird population of the United States. It is estimated that there were 3 billion to 5 billion passenger pigeons at the time Europeans discovered America.
- ^ "Three Hundred Dollars Reward; Will Be Paid for a Nesting Pair of Wild Pigeons, a Bird So Common in the United States Fifty Years Ago That Flocks in the Migratory Period Frequently Partially Obscured the Sun from View. How America Has Lost Birds of Rare Value and How Science Plans to Save Those That Are Left". New York Times. January 16 1910 Sunday.
Unless the State and Federal Governments come to the rescue of American game, plumed and song birds, the not distant future will witness the practical extinction of some of the most beautiful and valuable species. Already the snowy heron, that once swarmed in immense droves over the United States, is gone, a victim of the greed and cruelty of milliners whose "creations" its beautiful nuptial feathers have gone to adorn.
- ^ Ask
- ^ "Prior to 1492, this was a rare species." Mann, Charles C. "The Artificial Wilderness". 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. hlm. pp. 315–8. ISBN 1-4000-4006-X.
- ^ BirdLife International (2004). Ectopistes migratorius. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Diakses 10 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as extinct
Pranala luar
- Songbird Foundation: Passenger Pigeon
- The Extinction Website
- Passenger Pigeon Society
- The Demise of the Passenger Pigeon (as broadcast on NPR's Day to Day)
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