Pembantaian Vukovar
Pembantaian Vukovar, juga dikenal sebagai pembantaian Ovčara, adalah pembantaian terhadap tawanan perang dan warga sipil Kroasia oleh syap paramiliter Serbia, kepada tawanan yang diserahkan oleh Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia (JNA), di kamung Ovčara di tenggara Vukovar pada 20 November 1991, selama Perang Kemerdekaan Kroasia. Pembantaian itu terjadi tak lama setelah Vukovar dikuasai oleh JNA, Teritorijalna Odbrana (TO), dan pasukan paramiliter Serbia. Pembantaian ini adalah pembantaian terbesar dan kejahatan perang terburuk di Eropa sejak Perang Dunia II hingga saat itu.
Pembantaian Vukovar | |
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Bagian dari Perang Kemerdekaan Kroasia | |
Vukovar dalam peta Kroasia; wilayah yang dikuasai JNA | |
Lokasi | Grabovo, Kroasia |
Koordinat | 45°17′44″N 19°03′33″E / 45.29556°N 19.05917°E |
Tanggal | 20 November 1991 |
Sasaran | Tawanan perang Kroasia, warga sipil, beberapa orang Serbia, Muslim, Hungaria |
Jenis serangan | Pembantaian, eksekusi kilat, pembersihan etnis |
Korban | 200 tewas dan dikubur di tempat ca 60 hilang |
Pelaku | Serb Kroasia, Teritorijalna Odbrana, Leva Supoderica sayap paramiliter Serbia, dan Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia |
Pada hari-hari terakhir pertempuran, evakuasi pasien rumah sakit Vukovar dinegosiasikan oleh pemerintah Kroasia, JNA dan Misi Pemantau Komunitas Eropa bekerja sama dengan Komite Internasional Palang Merah (ICRC). JNA kemudian menolak kehadiran ICRC ke rumah sakit meskipun ada persetujuan sbelumnya. JNA mengeluarkan sekitar 300 orang dari rumah sakit itu. Kelompok tersebut sebagian besar terdiri dari etnis Kroasia tetapi ada juga etnis Serbia, Hungaria, Muslim dan dua warga negara asing yang bertempur di pihak Garda Nasional Kroasia, di mana pada awalnya mereka diangkut ke barak JNA di Vukovar. Beberapa tahanan dikenali sebagai staf rumah sakit dan dikeluarkan dari kelompok untuk dikembalikan ke rumah sakit sementara sisanya diangkut ke ladang Ovčara di selatan Vukovar. Sesampainya di sana, para tahanan dipukuli selama beberapa jam sebelum JNA menarik pasukannya dari lokasi tersebut, meninggalkan para tahanan dalam kepungan TO Serbia Kroasia dan sayap paramiliter Serbia. Para tahanan kemudian dibawa ke tempat yang telah disiapkan, ditembak dalam kelompok yang terdiri dari sepuluh hingga dua puluh orang dan dimakamkan di kuburan massal.
Kuburan massal ditemukan pada Oktober 1992 dan dijaga oleh Pasukan Perlindungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang telah dikerahkan ke daerah itu sejak awal tahun. Pada tahun 1996, 200 jenazah digali dari kuburan oleh Pengadilan Pidana Internasional untuk Bekas Yugoslavia (ICTY). Kroasia meyakini ada 61 orang lainnya yang dimakamkan di kuburan yang berbeda di daerah tersebut, sementara jaksa ICTY yakin angka itu mencapai 60. ICTY menghukum dua petugas JNA sehubungan dengan pembantaian tersebut, dan juga mengadili mantan Presiden Serbia Slobodan Milošević dengan sejumlah dakwaan kejahatan perang, termasuk yang dilakukan di Vukovar. Milošević meninggal di penjara sebelum seluruh persidangannya selesai. Beberapa mantan anggota TO Serbia Kroasia dan unit paramiliter Serbia diadili oleh pengadilan lokal di Serbia dan dihukum karena keterlibatan mereka dalam pembantaian tersebut. Pada Februari 2015, Mahkamah Internasional memutuskan bahwa pengepungan, pembantaian, dan serangkaian kekejaman yang dilakukan di tempat lain di Kroasia bukan merupakan genosida.
Situs kuburan massal ditandai dengan monumen dan bangunan penyimpanan yang digunakan di Ovčara untuk menahan para tahanan sebelum eksekusi dibangun sebagai situs peringatan pada tahun 2006. Pada Juli 2014, situs peringatan tersebut telah dikunjungi oleh sekitar 500.000 wisatawan.
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