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* 2,3% penduduk Turki menyatakan diri sebagai "seorang yang tidak percaya pada kewajiban agama." (Tidak percaya).
* 0,9% penduduk Turki menyatakan diri sebagai "seorang yang tidak percaya pada agama." (Ateis).
== Diskriminasi dan persekusi agama di Turki ==
=== Pelarangan hak untuk berkerudung ===
[[Berkas:Women_at_a_cafeteria_in_Istanbul.jpg|jmpl|250x250px|Some women in Turkey wear headscarves]]
[[Turkey]] has been a [[secular state]] since it was founded by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] in 1923. He introduced the secularization of the state in the [[Turkish Constitution of 1924]], alongside [[Atatürk's Reforms]]. However, Ataturk never forbade the headscarf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/dosya/turkiyede-basortusu-yasagi-nasil-basladi-nasil-cozuldu|title=Türkiye’de başörtüsü yasağı: Nasıl başladı, nasıl çözüldü?}}</ref> The headscarf was banned in public institutions because of the 'public clothing regulation' issued after the 1980 coup and began to be implemented in a radical way after the 1997 military memorandum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/dosya/turkiyede-basortusu-yasagi-nasil-basladi-nasil-cozuldu|title=Türkiye’de başörtüsü yasağı: Nasıl başladı, nasıl çözüldü?}}</ref> The ban on the headscarf for public personnel was lifted by the democratization package on 1 October 2013 and with the amendment made in article 5 of the dress code regulation, restrictive provisions were lifted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/dosya/turkiyede-basortusu-yasagi-nasil-basladi-nasil-cozuldu|title=Türkiye’de başörtüsü yasağı: Nasıl başladı, nasıl çözüldü?}}</ref> These were in accordance with the [[Kemalist Ideology]], with a strict appliance of [[laïcité]] in the constitution. The issue of the headscarf debate has been very intense and controversial since its ban, along with other prominent religious symbols, in public buildings such as government institutions and public schools, similar to policies in [[France]] and [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/world/2002/islamic_world/2144316.stm|title=Turkey: Battle of the headscarf|last=Hardy|first=Roger|date=22 July 2002|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=22 May 2017}}</ref> Turkey is a secular country and over 95% of its people are Muslims.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html#People|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=|accessdate=23 February 2017}}</ref> It has resulted in a clash between those favouring the secular principles of the state, such as the [[Turkish Armed Forces]],<ref name="Turkey's Mrs Gul given makeover">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/mobile/bbc_news/alsointhenews/695/69564/story6956432.shtml|title=Turkey's Mrs Gul given makeover|date=August 2007|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-04-13}}</ref> and religious conservatives as well as Islamists.
=== Persekusi atas nama agama ===
After the 18 April 2007 [[Zirve Publishing House massacre|killing of three Christians in Malatya]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/04/18/son/sontur43.asp|title=Malatya'da yayınevine kanlı baskın: 3 ölü|last=Pelit|first=Mikail|date=2007-04-18|work=Dogan News Agency|publisher=[[Milliyet]]|language=Turkish|accessdate=2008-09-12|section=Türkiye}}</ref> Turkish victim Ugur Yuksel was denied a Christian burial and received an Islamic Alevi burial. Turkish victim Necati Aydin was buried in a Protestant churchyard in Izmir. The governor of Malatya was initially hesitant to permit the burial of the German victim in Malatya, telling his widow that no Christian should be buried in Turkish soil. After negotiations between German and Turkish government officials, the victim was buried in a private Armenian cemetery in Malatya.<ref name="usbdhrl" />In October 2006 a prosecutor pressed criminal charges against Hakan Taştan and Turan Topal (Muslim converts to Christianity) for violating Article 301 ("insulting Turkishness"), inciting hatred against Islam and compiling data on private citizens for a Bible correspondence course. If convicted, the men could be sentenced to six months to three years in prison. On the basis of reports that the defendants were approaching grade- and high-school students in Silivri and attempting to convert them to Christianity, police searched one man's home, went to the men's office and confiscated two computers, books and papers. The three plaintiffs said that the Christians called Islam a "primitive and fabricated religion" and the Turks a "cursed people". The accused denied all charges.<ref name="usbdhrl" />On 28 May 2009, court proceedings continued in the 2006 case against two Muslim converts to Christianity charged with "insulting Turkishness" in violation of Article 301 of the penal code, inciting hatred of Islam and secretly compiling data on private citizens for a Bible correspondence course. The court called five witnesses to appear at the next hearing, set for 15 October 2009.<ref name="US2009" /> During the hearing, some witnesses testified that they did not know the defendants. The court in [[Silivri]] adjourned the hearing until 28 January 2010 to hear three more witnesses.<ref>[http://www.livenet.de/index.php/D/article/199/48864/ Article in German by Peter Schmid], dated 21 October 2009; accessed on 22 November 2009</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
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