Argentina: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Peningkatan kemakmuran yang hampir tak tertandingi menyebabkan Argentina menjadi negara terkaya ketujuh di dunia pada awal abad ke-20.{{sfn|Bolt|Van Zanden|2013}}{{sfn|Díaz Alejandro|1970|p=1}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bartenstein |first1=Ben |last2=Maki |first2=Sydney |last3=Gertz |first3=Marisa |title=One Country, Eight Defaults: The Argentine Debacles |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/photo-essays/2019-09-11/one-country-eight-defaults-the-argentine-debacles |access-date=13 Desember 2019 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=11 September 2019 |ref=bl-one-eight}}</ref> Pada tahun 1896, [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita|PDB (nominal per kapita]] Argentina melampaui [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hanke |first1=Steve |title=Argentina Should Scrap the Peso and Dollarize |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevehanke/2018/06/29/argentina-should-scrap-the-peso-and-dollarize/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> dan secara konsisten berada di sepuluh besar sebelum tahun 1920.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bolt |first1=Jutta |last2=Inklaar |first2=Robert |last3=de Jong |first3=Herman |last4=van Zanden |first4=Jan Luiten |title=Rebasing 'Maddison': new income comparisons and the shape of long-run economic development |date=2018 |publisher=Maddison Project Database |edition=2018 |url=https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2018 |access-date=15 Mei 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The tragedy of Argentina – A century of decline |url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2014/02/17/a-century-of-decline |access-date=15 Mei 2020 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> Kini, PDB (nominal) Argentina menempati [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita|peringkat ke-71 dunia]]. Setelah [[Depresi Besar]] pada dasawarsa 1930-an, Argentina jatuh ke dalam kelabilan politik dan penurunan ekonomi yang menjatuhkannya kembali ke keterbelakangan,<ref name=developed>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/2704457|title=Becoming a serious country|newspaper=The Economist|place=London|date=3 Juni 2004|quote=Argentina is thus not a "developing country". Uniquely, it achieved development and then lost it again.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320033128/http://www.economist.com/node/2704457|archive-date=20 Maret 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> meskipun tetap di antara lima belas negara terkaya selama beberapa dasawarsa.{{sfn|Bolt|Van Zanden|2013}} Setelah mangkatnya Presiden [[Juan Perón]] pada tahun 1974, istrinya (sekaligus wakil presiden), [[Isabel Perón]], naik posisi menjadi presiden, sebelum digulingkan [[:en:1976 Argentine coup d'état|pada tahun 1976]]. Berikutnya, [[Proses Reorganisasi Nasional|junta militer]], yang didukung oleh Amerika Serikat, menganiaya dan membunuh ribuan kritikus politik, aktivis, dan kaum kiri dalam [[Perang Kotor]], suatu periode [[terorisme negara]] dan kerusuhan masyarakat yang berlangsung hingga terpilihnya [[Raúl Alfonsín]] sebagai presiden pada [[:en:1983 Argentine general election|pemilihan umum 1983]].
Argentina adalah sebuah [[kekuatan regional]], dan mempertahankan status historisnya sebagai [[kekuatan menengah]] dalam hubungan internasional.{{sfnm|1a1=Wood|1y=1988|1p=18|2a1=Solomon|2y=1997|2p=3}}{{sfnm|1a1=Huntington|1y=2000|1p=6|2a1=Nierop|2y=2001|2p=61|2ps=: "Secondary regional powers in Huntington's view (Huntington, 2000, p. 6) include Great Britain, Ukraine, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Argentina."|3a1=Lake|3y=2009|3p=55|3ps=: "The US has created a foundation upon which the regional powers, especially Argentina and Brazil, can develop their own rules for further managing regional relations."|4a1=Papadopoulos|4y=2010|4p=283|4ps=: "The driving force behind the adoption of the MERCOSUR agreement was similar to that of the establishment of the EU: the hope of limiting the possibilities of traditional military hostility between the major regional powers, Brazil and Argentina."|5a1=Malamud|5y=2011|5p=9|5ps=: "Though not a surprise, the position of Argentina, Brazil's main regional partner, as the staunchest opponent of its main international ambition [to win a permanent seat on the UN Security Council] dealt a heavy blow to Brazil's image as a regional leader."|6a1=Boughton|6y=2012|6p=101|6ps=: "When the U.S. Treasury organized the next round of finance meetings, it included several non-APEC members, including all the European members of the G7, the Latin American powers Argentina and Brazil, and such other emerging markets as India, Poland, and South Africa."}}{{sfnm|1a1=Morris|1y=1988|1p=63|1ps=: "Argentina has been the leading military and economic power in the Southern Cone in the Twentieth Century."|2a1=Adler|2a2=Greve|2y=2009|2p=78|2ps=: "The southern cone of South America, including Argentina and Brazil, the two regional powers, has recently become a pluralistic security community."|3a1=Ruiz-Dana|3a2=Goldschag|3a3=Claro|3a4=Blanco|3y=2009|3p=18|3ps=: "[...] notably by linking the Southern Cone's rival regional powers, Brazil and Argentina."}} [[Sekutu non-NATO besar]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.state.gov/major-non-nato-ally-status/ | title=Major Non-NATO Ally Status }}</ref> Argentina adalah [[negara berkembang]] yang menempati peringkat ke-46 dalam hal [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]], tertinggi kedua di [[Amerika Latin]] setelah [[Chili]]. Argentina memelihara [[:en:Economy of Argentina|ekonomi terbesar kedua]] di Amerika Selatan, dan merupakan anggota [[G15]] dan [[G20]]. Argentina juga merupakan salah satu negara pendiri [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], [[Grup Bank Dunia|Bank Dunia]], [[Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia]], [[Mercosur]], [[:en:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States|Komunitas Negara Amerika Latin dan Karibia]] dan [[:en:Organization of Ibero-American States|Organisasi Negara-negara Ibero-Amerika]]. Sejak bulan Januari 2022 Argentina menjadi negara calon anggota [[Organisasi Kerja Sama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/oecd-takes-first-step-in-accession-discussions-with-argentina-brazil-bulgaria-croatia-peru-and-romania.htm | title = OECD takes first step in accession discussions with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Peru and Romania | last = | first = | date = 25 Januari 2022 | website = OECD | publisher = OECD | access-date = 13 Februari 2022 | quote = }}</ref>
== Etimologi ==
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