Arsitektur Romawi Kuno

Arsitektur Romawi Kuno mengembangkan berbagai aspek berbeda dari arsitektur Yunani Kuno dan teknologi-teknologi baru seperti pelengkung dan kubah untuk menciptakan suatu gaya arsitektural baru. Arsitektur Romawi berkembang di seluruh Kekaisaran selama periode Pax Romana. Penggunaan material-material baru, khususnya beton, merupakan suatu ciri yang sangat penting.

Arsitektur Romawi mencakup periode dari berdirinya Republik Romawi pada tahun 509 SM sampai sekitar abad ke-4 M, yang mana setelah itu menjadi diklasifikasi ulang sebagai Abad Kuno Akhir atau arsitektur Bizantium. Sebagian besar contoh yang masih terlestarikan berasal dari periode belakangan. Gaya arsitektural Romawi terus mempengaruhi bangunan di bekas kekaisaran tersebut selama berabad-abad, dan gaya yang digunakan di Eropa Barat sejak sekitar tahun 1000 disebut arsitektur Romanesque untuk mencerminkan ketergantungannya pada bentuk-bentuk Romawi dasar.

Bangsa Romawi Kuno memberikan kontribusi terhadap perkembangan-perkembangan penting dalam perumahan dan sanitasi publik, misalnya jamban dan pemandian partikelir juga publik yang mereka buat, pemanas bawah lantai dalam bentuk hypocaustum, kaca mika (contohnya di Ostia Antica), juga air dingin dan panas yang disalurkan melalui pipa (contohnya di Pompeii dan Ostia).

Daerah dan bangunan penting

Tembok Hadrianus

Bangunan publik

Pemandian Trajanus – merupakan suatu thermae besar (kompleks rekreasi dan pemandian) yang dibangun di Romawi kuno mulai dari tahun 104 M dan didedikasikan selama hari-hari pertama bulan Juli tahun 109.
Pemandian Diokletianus – di Romawi kuno, merupakan yang termegah di antara semua pemandian umum (thermae), dibangun oleh beberapa kaisar secara beruntun.
Pemandian Caracalla
Colosseum
Tiang Trajanus, di Roma
Circus Maximus, di Roma
Curia Hostilia (Gedung Senat), di Roma
Domus Aurea (bangunan sebelumnya)
Pantheon
Menara Hercules
Tropaeum Traiani
Vila Hadrianus
Arena Verona, di Verona

Arsitektur partikelir

Alyscamps – sebuah nekropolis di Arles, Prancis, salah satu nekropolis yang paling terkenal dalam dunia kuno.
Domus
Katakomba Roma
Vila Romawi

Teknik sipil

Teknik Romawi – bangsa Romawi terkenal karena pencapaian yang maju dalam bidang teknik, kendati beberapa penemuan mereka merupakan perbaikan pada berbagai penemuan, konsep, dan gagasan yang lebih lama.
Kincir air Romawi

Teknik militer

Lihat pula

Referensi

Catatan kaki

Pustaka

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Pranala luar

Traianus Diarsipkan 2008-05-28 di Wayback Machine. – Technical investigation of Roman public works
Housing and apartments in Rome Diarsipkan 2007-10-10 di Wayback Machine. – A look at various aspects of housing in ancient Rome, apartments and villas.
Rome Reborn − A Video Tour through Ancient Rome based on a digital model