Bahasa Persia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{distinguish|Bahasa Partia}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Persia
| nativename = {{lang|fa|فارسی}} ({{transl|fa|fārsi}});
| pronunciation = {{IPA-fa|fɒːɾˈsiː||Farsi.ogg}}
| state = Iran, Afganistan (sebagai [[bahasa Dari|Dari]]) Tajikistan (sebagai [[bahasa Tajik|Tajik]]), Uzbekistan (sebagai Tajik), Irak, Turkmenistan, Rusia, Azerbaijan
| region = [[Asia Barat]], [[Asia Tengah]], [[Asia Tenggara]]
| speakers = kurang lebih 97–110 juta
| rank = 29
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]
| fam3 = [[Rumpun bahasa Iran|Iran]]
| fam4 = [[Rumpun bahasa Iran Barat|Iran Barat]]
| fam5 = [[Rumpun bahasa Iran Barat Daya|Iran Barat Daya]]
| ancestor = [[Bahasa Persia Kuno|Persia Kuno]]
| ancestor2 = [[Bahasa Persia Pertengahan|Persia Pertengahan]]
| ancestor3 = Persia Baru Awal
| standards = [[Bahasa Persia Iran|Persia Iran]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|Persia Afganistan]]<br>[[Bahasa Tajik|Persia Tajik]]
| dialects = [[Bahasa Persia Iran|Persia Iran]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|Persia Afganistan]]<br>[[Bahasa Tajik|Persia Tajik]] <br>[[Bahasa Persia Bukhari|Bukhari]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Pahlavi|Pahlavi]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Hazara|Hazara]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Aimak|Aimak]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Yahudi|Persia Yahudi]]<br>[[Dehwari]]<br>[[Bahasa Persia Tat|Tat]]<ref name="Windfuhr" /><br>[[Bahasa Persia Tat Yahudi|Tat Yahudi]]<ref name="Windfuhr" /><br>[[Bahasa Persia Tat Armenia|Tat Armenia]]<ref name="Windfuhr">Windfuhr, Gernot: ''The Iranian Languages'', Routledge 2009, p. 418.</ref>
| ethnicity = [[Bangsa Persia]]
| script = [[Abjad Persia]] (Iran dan Afganistan)<br>[[Alfabet Tajik]] (Tajikistan)<br>[[Abjad Ibrani]]<br>[[Braille Bahasa Persia]]
| nation = {{flag|Iran}} (sebagai [[Bahasa Persia Iran|Bahasa Persia]])<br>{{flag|Afganistan}} (sebagai [[Bahasa Dari]])<br>{{flag|Tajikistan}} (sebagai [[Bahasa Tajik]])<br>{{flag|Rusia}} (sebagai [[Bahasa Persia Tat|Tat]])<ref>[[Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan]]: Chapter I, Article 11: "The state languages of the Republic of Dagestan are Russian and the languages of the peoples of Dagestan."</ref>
| agency = [[Akademi bahasa dan sastra Persia]]{{br}}[[Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Afganistan]]{{br}}[[Institut Bahasa dan Sastra Rudaki]]
| iso1 = fa
| iso2b = per
| iso2t = fas
| iso3 = fas
| lc1 = pes
| ld1 = [[Bahasa Persia Iran|Persia Iran]]
| lc2 = prs
| ld2 = [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]]
| lc3 = tgk
| ld3 = [[Bahasa Tajik|Tajik]]<!--Kode ini dan kode berikut bukan bagian dari bahasa makro per SIL-->
| lc4 = aiq
| ld4 = [[Dialek Aimaq|Aimaq]]
| lc5 = bhh
| ld5 = [[Bahasa Persia Bukhara|Bukhori]]
| lc7 = haz
| ld7 = [[Bahasa Persia Hazara|Hazaragi]]
| lc8 = jpr
| ld8 = [[Bahasa Persia Yahudi|Persia Yahudi]]
| lc9 = phv
| ld9 = [[Bahasa Persia Pahlavani|Pahlavani]]
| lc10 = deh
| ld10 = [[Bahasa Persia Dehwari|Dehwari]]
| lc11 = ttt
| ld11 = [[Bahasa Persia Tat|Tat]]
| lc12 = jdt
| ld12 = [[Bahasa Persia Tat Yahudi|Tat Yahudi]]
| sil = PRS
| lingua = {{longitem|58-AAC (Persia)<br />{{nowrap| > 58-AAC-c (Persia Tengah)}}}}
| image = Farsi.svg
| imagesize = 100px
| imagecaption = (''Fārsi'' ditulis dalam kaligrafi Persia ([[Nasta'līq]])
| map = Persian Language Location Map.svg{{!}}border
| map2 = Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.svg{{!}}border
| mapcaption = Kawasan dengan jumlah orang yang signifikan yang bahasa pertamanya adalah Bahasa Persia (termasuk dialek)
| mapcaption2 = Wilayah tempat bahasa Persia sebagai bahasa resmi (berwarna merah)
}}
'''Bahasa Persia''' ({{lang|fa|فارسی}} {{transl|fa|fārsi}}; {{lang|tg|форсӣ}} {{transl|tg|forsī}}) adalah salah satu [[bahasa]] dari [[rumpun bahasa Iran]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wahyuni|first=Imelda|date=2017|url=http://digilib.iainkendari.ac.id/2132/1/11.%20Genealogi%20Bahasa%20Arab%20%28Perkembangannya%20sebagai%20Bahasa%20Standar%29-Imelda-2017.Pdf.pdf|title=Genealogi Bahasa Arab: Perkembangannya Sebagai Bahasa Stamdar|location=Sleman|publisher=Deepublish|isbn=978-602-453-585-8|pages=34|url-status=live}}</ref> Dituturkan di [[Iran]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Afganistan]] dan [[Uzbekistan]]. Jumlah penutur totalnya sekitar 75 juta orang. Di [[Iran]], penutur asli bahasa ini mencakup sekitar 60% penduduknya.
== Nama ==
Istilah ''Persia'' diserap dari [[bahasa Latin]]: ''{{lang|la|Persia}}'', yang diserap dari [[bahasa Yunani Kuno]]: ''Persís'' ({{lang|grc|Περσίς}}),<ref>{{LSJ|*persi/s|Περσίς|ref}}.</ref> merupakan bentuk [[helenisasi]] dari {{transl|peo|Pārsa}} ({{lang|peo|𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿}}) dalam [[bahasa Persia Kuno]] yang berarti "[[Persis|Persia]]" (suatu wilayah di Iran, yang mencakup hampir seluruh [[Provinsi Fars]]).
''Farsi'' merupakan [[endonim]] untuk bahasa ini, dan umum juga digunakan dalam bahasa-bahasa lain. Meskipun begitu, [[Akademi Bahasa dan Sastra Persia]] menyatakan bahwa kata ''Farsi'' sebaiknya tidak digunakan dalam bahasa-bahasa asing, dan menyarankan memakai kata yang lebih umum atau telah mapan dalam bahasa-bahasa lain karena sebagai tanda peran bahasa Persia yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap bahasa-bahasa lain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Features/Dec97/Persian/ |title=Persian or Farsi? |publisher=Iranian|date=16 December 1997|accessdate=23 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.persiandirect.com/articles/2004/july/id_00003.htm|title=Fársi: 'Recently appeared language!'|publisher=Persiandirect|accessdate=23 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191652/http://www.persiandirect.com/articles/2004/july/id_00003.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.persiandirect.com/articles/2004/july/id_00001.htm|title=Persian or Fársi?|publisher=Persiandirect|accessdate=23 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915195418/http://www.persiandirect.com/articles/2004/july/id_00001.htm|archive-date=15 September 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=متنِ اعلامِ نظرِ شورای فرهنگستانِ زبان و ادبِ فارسی دربارهی کاربردِ Farsi به جای Persian در مکاتباتِ وزارتِ امورِ خارجه|journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature|date=Spring 1995|volume=1|issue=1|page=152|url=http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/image/naame01.pdf|editor1-first=Aḥmad|editor1-last=Samī‘ī Gīlānī|location=Tehran|language=Persian|access-date=2012-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035325/http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/image/naame01.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Sejarah ==
Bahasa Persia tergolong anak cabang bahasa [[bahasa Indo-Iran]]. Para pakar bahasa dan sejarawan yakin bahwa perkembangan bahasa Persia melewati tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut:
* [[Bahasa Persia Kuno]] (k. 600–300 SM).<ref>{{cite web |title=Everyday text shows that Old Persian was probably more commonly used than previously thought |date=June 15, 2007 |publisher=University of Chicago News Office (archived) |url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/07/070615.oldpersian.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070202/http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/07/070615.oldpersian.shtml |archive-date=2017-10-16 }}</ref>
* [[Bahasa Persia Pertengahan]] (k. 300 SM–651 M).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Noda |first=Keigou |year=1983 |title=Ergativity in Middle Persian |journal=Gengo Kenkyu |volume=84 |pages=105–125 |doi=10.11435/gengo1939.1983.84_105 }}</ref>
* [[Bahasa Persia
== Dialek dan ragam ==
{{further|Bahasa Persia Baku}}
Bahasa Persia memiliki tiga dialek baku:
*[[Bahasa Persia Iran|Persia Iran]] (atau "Persia Barat") dituturkan di [[Republik Islam Iran]] dan minoritas di [[Irak]] serta negara-negara pesisir [[Teluk Persia]].
*[[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|Persia Afganistan]] (juga disebut "Persia Timur", atau "Dari") dituturkan di [[Afganistan]].
*[[Bahasa Tajik|Persia Tajik]] (juga hanya disebut "Tajik") dituturkan di [[Tajikistan]] dan [[Uzbekistan]]. Dialek ini ditulis dalam [[alfabet Kiril]].
Ada juga beberapa dialek lokal dari Iran, Afghanistan, dan Tajikistan yang sedikit berbeda dari bahasa Persia Baku. [[Bahasa Persia Hazara|Dialek Hazara]] (di Afganistan tengah dan Pakistan), [[Bahasa Persia Tat|Dialek Tat]] dan ragam [[Bahasa Persia Tat Yahudi|Tat Yahudi]] di pegunungan [[Kaukasus]], Darwazi (in Afganistan dan Tajikistan), [[Bahasa Persia Basseri|Basseri]] (di Iran bagian selatan), dan [[Bahasa Persia Teheran|dialek Teheran]]. Penutur Persia Afganistan dan Tajik memiliki kesalingpahaman yang tertinggi, dibandingkan terhadap dialek Persia di Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2005_817_17g_Beeman.pdf |title=Persian, Dari and Tajik |first=William |last=Beeman |work=[[Brown University]] |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025210857/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2005_817_17g_Beeman.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title = TAJIK iii. COLLOQUIAL TAJIKI IN COMPARISON WITH PERSIAN OF IRAN | last1 = Aliev | first1 = Bahriddin | last2 = Okawa | first2 = Aya | author-link = | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-iii-colloquial | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2010 | isbn = }}</ref>
==
{{utama|
Sebelum masuknya Islam, masyarakat Persia menggunakan dua versi huruf pada masa [[Pahlavi]], yakni huruf yang dimodifikasi dari [[Bahasa Aram]], dan versi satunya merupakan huruf asli setempat yang disebut 'Dindapirak' atau dalam bahasa Persia Modern disebut 'Din dabireh' (huruf suci).
Baris 39 ⟶ 90:
== Kosakata ==
{| class="wikitable"
![[Bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran|Proto-Indo-Iran]] ||
|-
| *Hasura MazdʰaH || Auramazdā (𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠) || Ohrmazd 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣 || Hormazd هرمزد || [[Ahura Mazda]] (dewa tertinggi)
Baris 76 ⟶ 127:
|-
|}
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 88 ⟶ 134:
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{reflist}}
Perbatasan pindah agama
=== Daftar pustaka ===
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{{Refend}}
{{Bahasa Persia}}
{{Rumpun bahasa Iran}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Persia,
[[Kategori:Bahasa Persia| ]]
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